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Root Zone KSK Rollover

The DNS root KSK rollover happened at 1600 UTC on 11 October. Please see this announcement for a summary of the rollover.

This page has general information about the recent KSK rollover. If you came here looking how to update to the latest KSK trust anchor, please see https://www.icann.org/dns-resolvers-updating-latest-trust-anchor this page.

Root Zone KSK Rollover

Overview
Resources
Get Involved
Milestones
Operational Plans
Communications Plan

Technical Updates

4 March 2019 – Review of the 2018 DNSSEC KSK Rollover published

23 April 2018 – Staff report on the Draft Plan Comments published

18 December 2017 – Update on the Root KSK Rollover Project

17 October 2017 – Postponing the Root KSK Roll

27 September 2017 – ICANN announces a postponement for the KSK Rollover

4 September 2017 – Checking the Current Trust Anchors in DNS Validating Resolvers

4 September 2017 – Updating of DNS Validating Resolvers with the Latest Trust Anchor

11 July 2017 – KSK-2017 is published in the DNS

Overview

On 11 October 2018, ICANN performed a Root Zone Domain Name System Security Extensions (DNSSEC) KSK rollover as required in the Root Zone KSK Operator DNSSEC Practice Statement [TXT, 99 KB].

Rolling the KSK means generating a new cryptographic public and private key pair and distributing the new public component to parties who operate validating resolvers, including: Internet Service Providers; enterprise network administrators and other Domain Name System (DNS) resolver operators; DNS resolver software developers; system integrators; and hardware and software distributors who install or ship the root's "trust anchor." The KSK is used to cryptographically sign the Zone Signing Key (ZSK), which is used by the Root Zone Maintainer to DNSSEC-sign the root zone of the Internet's DNS.

Maintaining an up-to-date KSK is essential to ensuring DNSSEC-validating DNS resolvers continue to function following the rollover. Failure to have the current root zone KSK will mean that DNSSEC-validating DNS resolvers will be unable to resolve any DNS queries.

The KSK rollover plans were developed by the Root Zone Management Partners; ICANN in its role as the IANA Functions Operator, Verisign as the Root Zone Maintainer, and the U.S. Department of Commerce's National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA) as the Root Zone Administrator. The role of NTIA ended on 1 October 2016. The KSK rollover plans were posted in July 2016 and incorporate the community Root Zone KSK Rollover Design Team recommendations [PDF, 1.01 MB].

Resources

Related information and additional resources can be found at:

Get Involved

Ask a Question
Send an email to globalsupport@icann.org with "KSK Rollover" in the subject line to submit your questions.

Join the KSK Rollover Discussion List
Sign up to the mailing list for public discussions on related issues: https://mm.icann.org/listinfo/ksk-rollover

Milestones

  • October 27 2016: KSK rollover process begins as the new KSK is generated.
  • July 11 2017: Publication of new KSK in DNS.
  • September 19 2017: Size increase for DNSKEY response from root name servers.
  • 1 February 2018: Public comment period for plan to resume the KSK rollover begins, ends 2 April 2018.
  • 23 April 2018: Staff report on the Draft Plan Comments published.
  • 13 May 2018: ICANN Board requests RSSAC, SSAC and RZERC advice on Draft Plan.
  • 11 October 2018: KSK rollover.

Operational Plans

ICANN published its operational plans for the KSK rollover so that the community could know what to expect. Please see this page for both the operational plans and the plans that were used earlier.

Communications Plan

ICANN executed an extensive outreach campaign to ensure that those who currently use the KSK knew about the change.

Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."