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Andre Abed

United States of America

Vice President, Relationship & Delivery Management

Staff
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Charmayne Adams

Senior Payroll Administrator

Staff
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Terri Agnew

United States of America

Policy Operations Specialist (GNSO)

Staff
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Eleeza Agopian

United States of America

Senior Director, Strategic Initiatives

Staff
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Yan Agranonik

United States of America

Senior Manager, Contractual Compliance Risk and Audit

Staff
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Brian Aitchison

United States of America

Research Manager

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Yazid Akanho

Benin

Technical Engagement Senior Specialist

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Seda Akbulut

Turkey

Lead Global Support Analyst

Staff
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Adiel Akplogan

Canada

VP, Technical Engagement

Staff
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Raveena Alam

United States of America

Procurement Analyst

Staff
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Maritza Alarcon

United States of America

Operations Specialist II

Staff
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Sawsan Aldawodi

United States of America

Senior Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Staff
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Amenah Alhakeem

Turkey

Communications Coordinator, EMEA

Staff
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Melissa Peters Allgood

United States of America

Conflict Resolution Specialist

Staff
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Steve Allison

United States of America

Lead Product Manager

Staff
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Eduardo Alvarez

United States of America

Director, Technical Services Operations

Staff
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Pablo Alvarez

United States of America

Infrastructure Architect

Staff
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Shaunte Anderson

United States of America

Audit & Operations Program Manager

Staff
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Betsy Andrews

United States of America

Public Responsibility Program Manager

Staff
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Mikhail Anisimov

Russian Federation

ICANN Senior Stakeholder Engagement Manager Eastern Europe and Central Asia

Staff
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Charlotte Anongos

United States of America

Senior Software Engineer 1

Staff
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Nicolás Antoniello

Uruguay

Regional Technical Engagement Manager

Staff
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Roy Arends

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Principal Research Scientist

Staff
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Francisco Arias

United States of America

Senior Director, GDS Technical Services

Staff
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Yaovi Atohoun

Stakeholder Engagement and Operations Director - Africa

Staff
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Melody Au

Singapore

Stakeholder Engagement Analyst, APAC

Staff
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Nick Axelrod-McLeod

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

Staff
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Gozde Aydin

Turkey

Global Support Analyst II

Staff
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Amanda Baber

United States of America

IANA Operations Manager

Staff
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Maryam Bakoshi

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Project Manager II

Staff
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Emily Barabas

Netherlands

Policy Development Support Senior Manager (GNSO)

Staff
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Chris Bare

United States of America

Director, Strategic Initiatives

Staff
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Jeffri Barnard

United States of America

Payroll Specialist

Staff
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Connor Barthold

Lead Information Security Engineer

Staff
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Ted Bartles

United States of America

Meeting Production Operations Director

Staff
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Fahd Batayneh

Jordan

Stakeholder Engagement Sr. Manager - Middle East

Staff
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Josh Baulch

United States of America

Director, Meeting Planning Operations

Staff
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Andrea Beccalli

Portugal

Stakeholder Engagement Senior Director- Europe

Staff
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Liz Behsudi

United States of America

Associate General Counsel

Staff
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Margaret Benavides

United States of America

Senior Planning Analyst

Staff
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Laura Bengford

United States of America

Director, Relationship & Delivery Management

Staff
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Ted Bergeron

United States of America

Sr. Software Engineer

Staff
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Fabien Betremieux

France

Policy Development Support Director (GAC)

Staff
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Bridget Bilyk

United States of America

Accounting Manager

Staff
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Julie Bisland

United States of America

Policy Operations Sr. Coordinator (GNSO)

Staff
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Amy Bivins

United States of America

Sr. Counsel

Staff
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Terry Blaser

United States of America

Lead Product Manager

Staff
Profile image for Bart Boswinkel

Bart Boswinkel

Sr Director, ccNSO Policy Development Support

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."