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ICANN68 Look Back

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Domain Name System Security Facilitation Initiative Technical Study Group Begins Its Work

The Middle East Regional Plan for Fiscal Years 2021-2025 is Ready

We All Have A Responsibility to Combat Systemic Racism and Injustice

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News and Announcements

ICANN68 GAC Communiqué Now Available

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The Governmental Advisory Committee (GAC) of the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) issued its GAC Communiqué – ICANN68 Virtual Policy Forum. Click on the title above to read more.

ICANN Announces NextGen@ICANN69 Participants

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ICANN has announced the individuals selected to participate in the NextGen@ICANN program for ICANN69 from 17-22 October 2020. All NextGen@ICANN program activities for ICANN69 will be held virtually. Click the title above to read more.

Domain Name Marketplace Indicators Published on the Open Data Platform

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The indicators reflect industry metrics related to generic top-level domains (gTLDs) and country code top-level domains (ccTLDs), with the aim of fostering greater transparency for reputable information on the evolution of the domain name marketplace. Click on the title above for more information.

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."