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Beijing Meeting Fellowship Participants

Beijing Fellowship Participants

Beijing Fellowship Participants

  • Vanessa Cravo – Brazil – Gov't
  • Bahaaeldin Toman – West Bank and Gaza – Civil Society
  • Rosalia Morales Acosta – Costa Rica – ccNSO
  • Gava Lakau – Papua New Guinea – Gov't
  • Plamena Petrova Popova – Bulgaria – Academic
  • Don Peduru Pradeep Eranga Samararathna – Sri Lanka – Not For Profit
  • Leon Felipe Sanchez Ambia – Mexico – Academic
  • Fatima Cambronero – Argentina – Civil Society
  • Abibu Rashid Ntahigiye – United Republic of Tanzania – Not For Profit
  • Inam Ali – Jordan – Gov't
  • Rommel Natividad – Marshall Islands – Gov't
  • Berry Amol – Papua New Guinea – Academic
  • Nicolas G. Caballero – Paraguay – Not for Profit / GAC
  • Shakeel Ahmed – Pakistan – Not for Profit/Gov't
  • Ahmed Bakhat Masood – Pakistan – Gov't
  • Sonny Zulhuda – Malaysia – Academic
  • Naveed Haq – Pakistan – Gov't
  • Adela Elena Danciu – Romania – Academic
  • Walid Al-Saqaf – Yemen – Academic
  • Ping Yang – People's Republic of China – Business
  • Beran Dondeh Gillen – Gambia – Gov't
  • Lyndel McDonald – Jamaica – Gov't
  • João Caribé – Brazil – Not for Profit
  • Hassan Zaheer – Pakistan – Business
  • Grace Githaiga – Kenya – Not for Profit
  • Kinfemicheal Yilma Desta – Ethiopia – Academic
  • Parama Anandan – India – Not for Profit
  • Maria Gabriela Gijon – Argentina – End User
  • Daria Barinova – Russia – Academic
  • Hadji Mmadi Ali – Comoros – End User/new member ccNSO
Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."