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Durban Meeting Fellowship Participants

Durban Fellowship Participants

Durban Fellowship Participants

  • Adrian Quesada Rodriguez – Costa Rica – Academic
  • Alejandro Jacobo Acosta Alamo – Venezuela – Academic and LACNIC member
  • Amir Qayyum – Pakistan – Academic
  • Andrew Rarumae – Solomon Islands – Business – member ccNSO
  • Artak Barseghyan – Armenia – Government
  • Asteway Shoarega Negash – Ethiopia – Academic
  • Carlos Alberto Villaseñor – Costa Rica – Not For Profit and ccTLD member
  • Claudine Sugira – Rwanda – Not For Profit
  • Dejan Djukic – Serbia – Not For Profit
  • Don Peduru Pradeep Eranga Samararathna – Sri Lanka – Not For Profit
  • Eddy Kayihura Mabano – Rwanda – Business
  • Etuate Cocker – Tonga - Academic
  • Farzaneh Badiei – Iran - Internet Governance Forum Secretariat
  • Gul-e Rana – Pakistan – Academic
  • João Carlos Caribé – Brazil – Not For Profit and NCSG
  • Kadian Davis – Jamaica – Academic – member NCSG and NCUC
  • Karel Douglas – Trinidad and Tobago – Government
  • Mamadou LO – Senegal – End User and Afrinic member
  • Maritza Yesenia Aguero Miñano – Peru – Government
  • Mona Melhem El Achkar – Lebanon – Academic
  • Mwendwa Kivuva – Kenya – Civil Society and Business, Registrar
  • Oleg Demidov – Russia – Not For Profit
  • Patricia Marie Thérèse Gnilane Senghor – Senegal - End User
  • Paul Muchene – Kenya – Business
  • Sarah Kiden – Uganda – Academic
  • Tuhaise Robert – Uganda – Academic
  • Ulkar Bayramova – Azerbaijan – Academic and At Large

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."