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Profile image for Moises Cirilo

Moises Cirilo

United States of America

Lead Infrastructure Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Berry Cobb

Berry Cobb

United States of America

Senior Program Manager, Policy Development Support

Staff
Profile image for Sally Newell Cohen

Sally Newell Cohen

United States of America

SVP, Global Communications and Language Services

Staff
Profile image for Isabelle Colas

Isabelle Colas

United States of America

Policy Research Senior Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Steve Conte

Steve Conte

United States of America

Senior Director, IROS Operations

Staff
Profile image for Jim Cook

Jim Cook

United States of America

Technical Lead, Software Engineering

Staff
Profile image for Eduardo Corzo

Eduardo Corzo

United States of America

Senior Infrastructure Engineer 1

Staff
Profile image for Sally Costerton

Sally Costerton

Sr. Advisor to President and SVP, Global Stakeholder Engagement & Interim President and CEO

Staff
Profile image for Pamela Howard MBA CPA

Pamela Howard MBA CPA

United States of America

Performance Measurement and Reporting Senior Manager, Contractual Compliance

Staff
Profile image for John Crain

John Crain

United States of America

Senior Vice President and Chief Technology Officer

Staff
Profile image for Mia Crampton

Mia Crampton

Internal Communications Director

Staff
Profile image for Amy Creamer

Amy Creamer

United States of America

Senior Project Manager

Staff
Profile image for Yvette Dacuycuy

Yvette Dacuycuy

United States of America

Governance Ops Support Senior Coordinator

Staff
Profile image for Sagbo Pierre Dandjinou

Sagbo Pierre Dandjinou

VP, Stakeholder Engagement - Africa

Staff
Profile image for Albert Daniels

Albert Daniels

Saint Lucia

Stakeholder Engagement Senior Manager - Caribbean

Staff
Profile image for Alex Dans

Alex Dans

Uruguay

Communications Director, the Americas

Staff
Profile image for Kim Davies

Kim Davies

VP, IANA Services and President, PTI

Staff
Profile image for Jonathan Denison

Jonathan Denison

United States of America

Director, Contractual Compliance

Staff
Profile image for Jean-Baptiste Deroulez

Jean-Baptiste Deroulez

Belgium

Review Support and Accountability Associate Project Manager

Staff
Profile image for Maeva Devoto

Maeva Devoto

Belgium

GE Operations Coordinator

Staff
Profile image for Chantelle Doerksen

Chantelle Doerksen

United States of America

Policy Development Support Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Jessie Doherty

Jessie Doherty

Senior Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Staff
Profile image for David Dong

David Dong

United States of America

IANA Services Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Kyle Dunst

Kyle Dunst

Director, Relationship & Delivery Management

Staff
Profile image for Alain Durand

Alain Durand

France

Distinguished Technologist

Staff
Profile image for Désirée Van Dyk

Désirée Van Dyk

Belgium

Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Peter Eakin

Peter Eakin

United States of America

Policy Research Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Dean Edwards

Dean Edwards

United States of America

Director, Relationship & Delivery Management

Staff
Profile image for Harel Efraim

Harel Efraim

Principal Software Architect

Staff
Profile image for Samantha Eisner

Samantha Eisner

United States of America

Deputy General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Alperen Eken

Alperen Eken

Policy Development Support Senior Analyst

Staff
Profile image for Teresa Andrea Elias

Teresa Andrea Elias

United States of America

Director, Governance Operations Support

Staff
Profile image for Pete Elsesser

Pete Elsesser

United States of America

End User Support 2

Staff
Profile image for Shane Emery

Shane Emery

United States of America

Senior Software Engineer 1

Staff
Profile image for Evin Ashley Erdoğdu

Evin Ashley Erdoğdu

United States of America

Review Support & Accountability Project Manager

Staff
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Jared Erwin

United States of America

Director- Policy Research & Stakeholder Programs

Staff
Profile image for Deborah Escalera

Deborah Escalera

United States of America

Next Generation Program Manager

Staff
Profile image for Baher Esmat

Baher Esmat

VP, Stakeholder Engagement - Middle East and Managing Director Middle East and Africa

Staff
Profile image for Sandra Espinoza

Sandra Espinoza

United States of America

Billing, Accounts Receivable and Collections Specialist III

Staff
Profile image for Eric Evrard

Eric Evrard

Belgium

Senior End User Support 2

Staff
Profile image for Benjamin Farine

Benjamin Farine

Belgium

Lead Infrastructure Engineer - DNS

Staff
Profile image for Negar Farzinnia

Negar Farzinnia

United States of America

Director Implementation Operations

Staff
Profile image for Lamar Faulkner

Lamar Faulkner

United States of America

Director, Global Support

Staff
Profile image for Laurent Ferrali

Laurent Ferrali

France

Government and IGO Engagement Senior Director

Staff
Profile image for Amanda Fessenden

Amanda Fessenden

United States of America

Director, GDD Services

Staff
Profile image for Daniel Fink

Daniel Fink

Brazil

Stakeholder Engagement Director - Brazil

Staff
Profile image for Iwan de Fluiter

Iwan de Fluiter

Türkiye, Republic of

Regional Security Director – Europe, Middle East, and Africa

Staff
Profile image for Aaron Foley

Aaron Foley

United States of America

Senior Cryptographic Key Manager

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."