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Profile image for Amy Creamer

Amy Creamer

United States of America

Senior Project Manager

Staff
Profile image for Eli Dadabhoy

Eli Dadabhoy

Document Control Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Sagbo Pierre Dandjinou

Sagbo Pierre Dandjinou

VP, Stakeholder Engagement - Africa

Staff
Profile image for Albert Daniels

Albert Daniels

Saint Lucia

Stakeholder Engagement Senior Manager - Caribbean

Staff
Profile image for Alex Dans

Alex Dans

Uruguay

Latin America and Caribbean Communications Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Kim Davies

Kim Davies

VP, IANA Services and President, PTI

Staff
Profile image for Jonathan Denison

Jonathan Denison

United States of America

Director, Contractual Compliance

Staff
Profile image for Jean-Baptiste Deroulez

Jean-Baptiste Deroulez

Belgium

Review Support and Accountability Associate Project Manager

Staff
Profile image for Andrew Dickson

Andrew Dickson

United States of America

gTLD Services Manager

Staff
Profile image for Chantelle Doerksen

Chantelle Doerksen

United States of America

Policy Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Jessie Doherty

Jessie Doherty

Senior Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Staff
Profile image for David Dong

David Dong

United States of America

Global Support Analyst I

Staff
Profile image for Lorie Doswell

Lorie Doswell

United States of America

Executive Assistant, Multistakeholder Strategy and Strategic Initiatives

Staff
Profile image for Kyle Dunst

Kyle Dunst

Director, Contracted Parties Solutions Delivery

Staff
Profile image for Alain Durand

Alain Durand

France

Principal Technologist

Staff
Profile image for Dean Edwards

Dean Edwards

United States of America

Senior Product Manager

Staff
Profile image for Harel Efraim

Harel Efraim

Principal Software Architect

Staff
Profile image for Samantha Eisner

Samantha Eisner

United States of America

Deputy General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Mohamed Elbashir

Mohamed Elbashir

United States of America

Universal Acceptance Program Manager

Staff
Profile image for Teresa Andrea Elias

Teresa Andrea Elias

United States of America

Director, Governance Operations Support

Staff
Profile image for Jeannie Ellers

Jeannie Ellers

United States of America

Senior Manager, Measurement and Planning - Global Stakeholder Engagement

Staff
Profile image for Pete Elsesser

Pete Elsesser

United States of America

End User Support

Staff
Profile image for Shane Emery

Shane Emery

United States of America

Software Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Evin Ashley Erdoğdu

Evin Ashley Erdoğdu

United States of America

Policy Analyst

Staff
Profile image for Mauricio Vergara Ereche

Mauricio Vergara Ereche

United States of America

Lead DNS Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Jared Erwin

Jared Erwin

United States of America

Senior Manager, Policy Research and Stakeholder Programs

Staff
Profile image for Deborah Escalera

Deborah Escalera

United States of America

Next Generation Program Manager

Staff
Profile image for Baher Esmat

Baher Esmat

VP, Stakeholder Engagement - Middle East and Managing Director Middle East and Africa

Staff
Profile image for Sandra Espinoza

Sandra Espinoza

United States of America

Billing, Accounts Receivable and Collections Specialist III

Staff
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Eric Evrard

Belgium

Senior End User Support

Staff
Profile image for Benjamin Farine

Benjamin Farine

Belgium

Lead DNS Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Negar Farzinnia

Negar Farzinnia

United States of America

Director Implementation Operations

Staff
Profile image for Lamar Faulkner

Lamar Faulkner

United States of America

Director, Global Support

Staff
Profile image for Laurent Ferrali

Laurent Ferrali

France

Government and IGO Engagement Senior Director

Staff
Profile image for Amanda Fessenden

Amanda Fessenden

United States of America

Sr. Manager, gTLD Services

Staff
Profile image for Daniel Fink

Daniel Fink

Brazil

Stakeholder Engagement Director - Brazil

Staff
Profile image for Aaron Foley

Aaron Foley

United States of America

Cryptographic Key Manager

Staff
Profile image for Camia Frank

Camia Frank

United States of America

Operations Specialist II

Staff
Profile image for Sean Freeark

Sean Freeark

United States of America

Regional Security Senior Manager – Latin America/Caribbean and Europe

Staff
Profile image for Casandra "C.C." Furey

Casandra "C.C." Furey

United States of America

Associate General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Alex Gaganashvili

Alex Gaganashvili

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer - Platforms

Staff
Profile image for Simon Garside

Simon Garside

United States of America

VP, Security Operations

Staff
Profile image for Chris Gift

Chris Gift

United States of America

VP, Product Management

Staff
Profile image for Paola Gloria

Paola Gloria

United States of America

QA Test Automation Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Maira Gomez

Maira Gomez

Accounts Payable Lead

Staff
Profile image for Robert Gomez

Robert Gomez

United States of America

Operations Specialist III

Staff
Profile image for Danielle Gordon

Danielle Gordon

United States of America

gTLD Services Manager

Staff
Profile image for Morgan Govaars

Morgan Govaars

Operations Manager

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."