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Rodrigo Saucedo Linares

Plurinational State of Bolivia

Stakeholder Engagement Director, Andean Region and LAC Strategic Initiatives

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Julio Polito

Uruguay

Senior Graphic Designer

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Becky Nash

United States of America

VP, Planning

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Kathy Schnitt

United States of America

Policy Operations Specialist (SSAC)

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Edman Perez

United States of America

IT Business Analytics and Intranet Services Sr. Manager

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Adiel Akplogan

Canada

VP, Technical Engagement

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Eduardo Alvarez

United States of America

Director, Technical Services Operations

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Alain Durand

France

Distinguished Technologist

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Lisa Carter

United States of America

Sr. Program Manager

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Amanda Fessenden

United States of America

VP, GDD Accounts and Services

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Mike Takahashi

United States of America

Web Content Strategy Senior Director

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Seman Said

United States of America

Lead Software Engineer

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Raveena Alam

United States of America

Senior Procurement Analyst

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Catherine Maleki

United States of America

Sr. Counsel

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Sarah Zagha

United States of America

Counsel

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Mariana Solano

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Specialist

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Margaret Benavides

United States of America

Planning Manager

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Marika Konings

Belgium

VP, New gTLD Program Lead

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Michael Knigge

United States of America

Writer

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Jill Ladwig

United States of America

Writer

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Lauren Hejazi

United States of America

Project Manager

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Breda Lund

United States of America

Editorial Supervisor

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Eric Palmer

United States of America

Sr. Counsel

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JeNelle Haugen

United States of America

Quality Analyst Trainer

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David Prangnell

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer - Platforms

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Shannon Poon

United States of America

HRIS Senior Manager

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Berry Cobb

United States of America

Senior Program Manager, Policy Development Support

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Odeline MacDonald

Belgium

Associate General Counsel, European Data Protection

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Andrea Glandon

United States of America

Policy Operations Senior Coordinator

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Maritza Alarcon

United States of America

Operations Specialist

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Daniel Ramcharan

United States of America

Manager, Service Delivery

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Brian Villaroman

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Specialist

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Amenah Alhakeem

Türkiye, Republic of

Senior Communications Coordinator, EMEA

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David Tobias

United States of America

Assistant Manager, Communications

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Jim Cook

United States of America

Technical Lead, Software Engineering

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Eduardo Corzo

United States of America

Sr. Infrastructure Engineer 1

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Gökhan Pamukçu

Türkiye, Republic of

Contractual Compliance Analyst

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Thomas Jones

United States of America

Senior Information Security Engineer 2

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Janelle McAlister

United States of America

Strategic Initiatives Senior Program Manager

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DeAnn Ford

United States of America

Global Support Analyst I

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Leon Grundmann

Belgium

Policy Research Specialist

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Ely Bouganim

United States of America

Sr Product Manager 1

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Wesley Lin

United States of America

Operations Specialist

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Peter Eakin

Belgium

Policy Research Specialist

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Jessica Villaseñor

United States of America

Sr. Manager, GDS Research Services

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Andy Newton

United States of America

GDS Technical Services Principal Engineer

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Kathryn Perry

United States of America

Security Operations Specialist

Profile image for Joanna Toh

Joanna Toh

Singapore

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."