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Profile image for Laena Rahim

Laena Rahim

Singapore

Regional Counsel, APAC

Staff
Profile image for Ergys Ramaj

Ergys Ramaj

United States of America

VP, Public Responsibility

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Laura Ramirez

Laura Ramirez

United States of America

Sr. Meeting Planner

Staff
Profile image for Erika Randall

Erika Randall

Associate General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Ashwin Rangan

Ashwin Rangan

United States of America

SVP Engineering & Chief Information Officer

Technology

Staff
Profile image for Simon Raveh

Simon Raveh

United States of America

VP, Software Engineering

Staff
Profile image for Isabella Reber

Isabella Reber

United States of America

Administrative Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Joseph Restuccia

Joseph Restuccia

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Risk & Audit Senior Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Peg Rettino

Peg Rettino

United States of America

Project Specialist & Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Carlos Reyes

Carlos Reyes

United States of America

Director, Strategic Policy Planning

Staff
Profile image for Rachel Reyes

Rachel Reyes

End User Support

Staff
Profile image for Hedwig Ringoot

Hedwig Ringoot

Belgium

HR Manager, EMEA

Staff
Profile image for Juan Robles

Juan Robles

United States of America

Delivery Manager/Solution Architect

Staff
Profile image for Christina Rodriguez

Christina Rodriguez

United States of America

Sr. Director, Language Services

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Cynthia Roman

Cynthia Roman

United States of America

Accounts Payable Specialist II

Staff
Profile image for Amanda Rose

Amanda Rose

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Lead

Staff
Profile image for Noah Ross

Noah Ross

United States of America

Technical Lead, Software Engineering

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Benedetta Rossi

Benedetta Rossi

France

GAC Advice and Policy Support Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Shauna Royston

Shauna Royston

United States of America

Senior Product Manager

Staff
Profile image for Danielle Rutherford

Danielle Rutherford

United States of America

Technology and Policy Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Seher Sagiroglu

Seher Sagiroglu

Turkey

GSE Regional Specialist

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Ozan Sahin

Ozan Sahin

Turkey

Policy Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Masoud Sahraian

Masoud Sahraian

Lead QA Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Seman Said

Seman Said

United States of America

Software Developer - IANA Services

Staff
Profile image for Maya Saito

Maya Saito

Sr. Meeting Planner & Operation Analyst

Staff
Profile image for Mert Saka

Mert Saka

Turkey

gTLD Accounts Sr. Manager

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Zuhra Salijanova

Zuhra Salijanova

Sr. Manager, Contractual Compliance

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernment

Staff
Profile image for Marc Salvatierra

Marc Salvatierra

United States of America

Senior Manager, Web Content Operations

DNS MarketplaceTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Rowdy Sampietro

Rowdy Sampietro

United States of America

Talent Acquisition Sr Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for George Sarkisyan

George Sarkisyan

United States of America

IANA Services Sr. Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Sara Sarraf

Sara Sarraf

United States of America

Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Naela Sarras

Naela Sarras

VP, Stakeholder Engagement - North America

Staff
Profile image for Hina Sattar

Hina Sattar

Global Support Analyst III

Staff
Profile image for Rodrigo Saucedo

Rodrigo Saucedo

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Strategic Initiatives - Latin America & Caribbean, Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Lisa Saulino

Lisa Saulino

United States of America

Board Operations Specialist

Staff
Profile image for David Saxa

David Saxa

United States of America

Implementation Project Analyst

GovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Gabriella Schittek

Gabriella Schittek

Poland

Global Stakeholder Engagement Senior Manager – Nordic & Central Europe

Staff
Profile image for Kathy Schnitt

Kathy Schnitt

United States of America

SSAC Support Specialist

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Natalie Schoer

Natalie Schoer

United States of America

Assistant mgr, Communication

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Jennifer Scott

Jennifer Scott

United States of America

Senior Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Shawn Seah

Shawn Seah

Singapore

Global Support Analyst

Staff
Profile image for Mark Segall

Mark Segall

United States of America

Director, Community Collaboration Solutions Delivery

Staff
Profile image for Vivek SenGupta

Vivek SenGupta

United States of America

Director of Procurement

Developing WorldTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Jane Sexton

Jane Sexton

United States of America

Communications Coordinator

Staff
Profile image for Hope Shafer

Hope Shafer

Lead Operations Analyst

Staff
Profile image for Shruti Shah

Shruti Shah

United States of America

Senior Developer

Staff
Profile image for Charla Shambley

Charla Shambley

United States of America

Manager, Multistakeholder Strategy and Strategic Initiatives - Operations

Staff
Profile image for Kristina Shelebian

Kristina Shelebian

Executive Assistant to the CEO

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."