Skip to main content

Explore profiles

Staff
Profile image for Susie Johnson

Susie Johnson

United States of America

Policy Operations Sr. Specialist & Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Daniel Jones

Daniel Jones

United States of America

Salesforce Developer

Staff
Profile image for Patrick L. Jones

Patrick L. Jones

United States of America

Senior Director, Global Stakeholder Engagement

Staff
Profile image for Jana Juginovic

Jana Juginovic

United States of America

Senior Director, Communications & Content

Staff
Profile image for Steve Jung

Steve Jung

United States of America

Sr. Accountant

Staff
Profile image for Darren Kara

Darren Kara

United States of America

DNS Engineering Strategy Manager

Staff
Profile image for Michael Karakash

Michael Karakash

United States of America

Senior Project Coordinator, Policy Research & Data Services

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernment

Staff
Profile image for Olly Kay

Olly Kay

United States of America

Regional Security Manager – North America and Asia Pacific

Staff
Profile image for May Kim

May Kim

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Steven Kim

Steven Kim

United States of America

Project Manager

CommunityStaff
Profile image for Jia Kimoto

Jia Kimoto

United States of America

Project Manager

Staff
Profile image for Jin Kimoto

Jin Kimoto

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Tanzanica S. King

Tanzanica S. King

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Meeting Strategy and Design

Staff
Profile image for Erhan Kiraner

Erhan Kiraner

Turkey

Meeting External Relations Sr. Manager

Staff
Profile image for Vinciane Koenigsfeld

Vinciane Koenigsfeld

Luxembourg

Senior Director, Board Operations

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Pitinan Kooarmornpatana

Pitinan Kooarmornpatana

Thailand

IDN Programs Manager

Technology

Staff
Profile image for Michael Kovach

Michael Kovach

United States of America

Associate Project Manager

Staff
Profile image for Matt Larson

Matt Larson

United States of America

VP Research

Staff
Profile image for Elizabeth Le

Elizabeth Le

Associate General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Karen Lentz

Karen Lentz

United States of America

Senior Director, Policy Research & Data Services

Staff
Profile image for Karen Lettner

Karen Lettner

Administrative Support Manager

Staff
Profile image for Edward Lewis

Edward Lewis

United States of America

Sr. Technologist

Staff
Profile image for Howard Li

Howard Li

China

gTLD Accounts Senior Manager

DNS MarketplaceTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Ariel Xinyue Liang

Ariel Xinyue Liang

United States of America

GNSO Policy Support Specialist

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Charmaine Lim

Charmaine Lim

Singapore

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Roger Lim

Roger Lim

Director, Contractual Compliance

Staff
Profile image for Sabrina Lim

Sabrina Lim

Singapore

GSE Programs Manager

Staff
Profile image for Celine Lioe

Celine Lioe

Singapore

Regional Office Administrator

Staff
Profile image for Siôn Lloyd

Siôn Lloyd

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Lead Security, Stability, & Resiliency Specialist

Technology

Staff
Profile image for Angelina Lopez

Angelina Lopez

United States of America

GDD Communications Manager

Staff
Profile image for Daniela Campos Lopez

Daniela Campos Lopez

United States of America

Communications Coordinator

Staff
Profile image for Jia Rong Low

Jia Rong Low

Vice President, Stakeholder Engagement & Managing Director - Asia Pacific

Staff
Profile image for Mauro Lozano

Mauro Lozano

United States of America

Technical Services Sr. Manager

Staff
Profile image for Luna Madi

Luna Madi

Director, EMEA Communications

Staff
Profile image for Vera Major

Vera Major

Switzerland

Government and IGO Engagement Manager

Staff
Profile image for Terry Manderson

Terry Manderson

Sr. Director, Security and Network Engineering

Staff
Profile image for Antonietta Mangiacotti

Antonietta Mangiacotti

Lead Researcher

Staff
Profile image for Richard Mannino

Richard Mannino

United States of America

Operations Specialist II

Staff
Profile image for Selim Manzak

Selim Manzak

Turkey

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Karthika Marati

Karthika Marati

QA Test Automation Engineer

StaffBoard
Profile image for Göran Marby

Göran Marby

United States of America

President and CEO

Staff
Profile image for Mariana Marinho

Mariana Marinho

United States of America

Public Responsibility Support Sr. Program Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Veni Markovski

Veni Markovski

United States of America

Vice-President, UN Engagement - New York

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Brian Martin

Brian Martin

United States of America

Sr. Information Security Engineer

Technology

Staff
Profile image for Andrew McConachie

Andrew McConachie

Netherlands

Policy & Technology Sr. Manager

Technology

Staff
Profile image for Rachel McFadyen

Rachel McFadyen

United States of America

Writer/Editor

Staff
Profile image for David McGill

David McGill

United States of America

Legal Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Mehdi

Mehdi

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Analyst

A note about our privacy policies and terms of service:

We have updated our privacy policies and certain website terms of service to provide greater transparency, promote simplification, and align with recent changes in privacy laws applicable to us. Learn more.

This site uses cookies to deliver an efficient user experience and to help us see how the site is used. Learn more.OK

Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."