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Staff
Profile image for Lauren Israel

Lauren Israel

United States of America

Operations Specialist III

Staff
Profile image for Fernanda Iunes

Fernanda Iunes

United States of America

Senior Program Coordinator

Staff
Profile image for Cecibel Izaguirre

Cecibel Izaguirre

United States of America

Senior Manager, Accounting Operations

Staff
Profile image for Cyrus Jamnejad

Cyrus Jamnejad

United States of America

GDD Accounts Manager

Staff
Profile image for Alice Jansen

Alice Jansen

Belgium

Implementation Operations Director - Reviews

Staff
Profile image for Magali Jean

Magali Jean

Belgium

Regional Office Sr. Administrator

Staff
Profile image for John Jeffrey

John Jeffrey

General Counsel & Secretary

Staff
Profile image for Josh Jenkins

Josh Jenkins

United States of America

Sr. Infrastructure Engineer - Network

Staff
Profile image for Joseph De Jesus

Joseph De Jesus

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Travel Support

Staff
Profile image for Aaron Jimenez

Aaron Jimenez

United States of America

Senior Board Operations Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Gustavo Jimenez

Gustavo Jimenez

United States of America

Sr. Lead Software Engineer, QA

Staff
Profile image for Hilary Jin

Hilary Jin

United States of America

Project Manager I

Staff
Profile image for Annie Johnson

Annie Johnson

United States of America

Senior Director, Global Compensation & Benefits

Staff
Profile image for Jennifer Johnson

Jennifer Johnson

United States of America

Project Manager 1

Staff
Profile image for Sheila Johnson

Sheila Johnson

United States of America

Deputy General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Susie Johnson

Susie Johnson

United States of America

Policy Operations Senior Specialist and Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Daniel Jones

Daniel Jones

United States of America

Senior Software Engineer 1

Staff
Profile image for Patrick L. Jones

Patrick L. Jones

United States of America

Senior Director, Global Stakeholder Engagement

Staff
Profile image for Thomas Jones

Thomas Jones

United States of America

Senior Information Security Engineer 2

Staff
Profile image for Steve Jung

Steve Jung

United States of America

Senior Accountant

Staff
Profile image for Darren Kara

Darren Kara

United States of America

Manager, Network and DNS Infrastructure

Staff
Profile image for Michael Karakash

Michael Karakash

United States of America

Policy Research Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Eli Khan

Eli Khan

United States of America

Document Control Specialist

Staff
Profile image for May Kim

May Kim

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Steven Kim

Steven Kim

United States of America

Sr. Project Manager

CommunityStaff
Profile image for Jia Kimoto

Jia Kimoto

United States of America

Project Manager I

Staff
Profile image for Jin Kimoto

Jin Kimoto

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Tanzanica S. King

Tanzanica S. King

United States of America

Meeting Strategy and Design Director

Staff
Profile image for Erhan Kiraner

Erhan Kiraner

Türkiye, Republic of

Meeting External Relations Director

Staff
Profile image for Michael Knigge

Michael Knigge

United States of America

Writer

Staff
Profile image for Vinciane Koenigsfeld

Vinciane Koenigsfeld

Luxembourg

VP-Board Operations

Staff
Profile image for Marika Konings

Marika Konings

Belgium

VP, Policy Development Support

Staff
Profile image for Pitinan Kooarmornpatana

Pitinan Kooarmornpatana

Thailand

IDN Programs Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Michael Kovach

Michael Kovach

United States of America

Associate Project Manager, Operations Service Delivery & Support

Staff
Profile image for Kinga Kowalczyk

Kinga Kowalczyk

United States of America

Operations Coordinator

Staff
Profile image for Jill Ladwig

Jill Ladwig

United States of America

Writer

Staff
Profile image for Matt Larson

Matt Larson

United States of America

VP, Research

Staff
Profile image for Elizabeth Le

Elizabeth Le

Associate General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Karen Lentz

Karen Lentz

United States of America

VP Policy Research and Stakeholder Programs

Staff
Profile image for Karen Lettner

Karen Lettner

Administrative Support Manager

Staff
Profile image for Darrel Lewis

Darrel Lewis

United States of America

Infrastructure Architect, Networks & DNS

Staff
Profile image for Edward Lewis

Edward Lewis

United States of America

Senior Technologist

Staff
Profile image for Howard Li

Howard Li

China

GDD Programs Director

Staff
Profile image for Ariel Xinyue Liang

Ariel Xinyue Liang

United States of America

Policy Development Support Senior Specialist (GNSO)

Staff
Profile image for Charmaine Lim

Charmaine Lim

Singapore

Contractual Compliance Sr. Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Roger Lim

Roger Lim

Director, Contractual Compliance

Staff
Profile image for Wesley Lin

Wesley Lin

United States of America

Operations Specialist II

Staff
Profile image for Celine Lioe

Celine Lioe

Singapore

Regional Office Administrator, APAC

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."