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United States of America

Manager, Network and DNS Infrastructure

Michael Karakash

United States of America

Policy Research Specialist

United States of America

Document Control Specialist

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

United States of America

Sr. Project Manager

Community Staff

United States of America

Project Manager I

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

Tanzanica S. King

United States of America

Meeting Strategy and Design Director

Turkey

Meeting External Relations Director

Vinciane Koenigsfeld

Luxembourg

VP-Board Operations

Belgium

VP, Policy Development Support

Pitinan Kooarmornpatana

Thailand

IDN Programs Senior Manager

United States of America

Associate Project Manager, Multistakeholder Strategy and Strategic Initiatives - Operations

Mehdi Kurdmisto

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Analyst

United States of America

VP, Research

Associate General Counsel

United States of America

VP Policy Research and Stakeholder Programs

Administrative Support Manager

United States of America

Senior Technologist

China

gTLD Accounts Senior Manager

Ariel Xinyue Liang

United States of America

Policy Development Support Senior Specialist (GNSO)

Singapore

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Director, Contractual Compliance

Singapore

GSE Programs Manager

Singapore

Regional Office Administrator, APAC

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Lead Security, Stability, and Resiliency Specialist

United States of America

Communications & Project Manager

VP, Stakeholder Engagement and Managing Director - Asia Pacific

United States of America

Technical Services Senior Manager

Director, EMEA Communications

Switzerland

Government and IGO Engagement Manager

Catherine Maleki

United States of America

Counsel

Terry Manderson

Sr. Director, Security and Network Engineering

Antonietta Mangiacotti

Policy Research Manager

Richard Mannino

United States of America

Operations Specialist II

Turkey

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

Karthika Marati

Sr. Software Engineer 1, QA

United States of America

President and Chief Executive Officer (CEO)

Belgium

Government and IGO Engagement Manager

Mariana Marinho

United States of America

Public Responsibility Support Sr. Program Manager

United States of America

VP, UN Engagement - New York

United States of America

Lead Information Security Engineer

Andrew McConachie

Netherlands

Policy Development and Technology Director

Rachel McFadyen

United States of America

Writer/Editor

United States of America

Government and IGO Engagement Director

Nanig Mehranian

United States of America

Senior Program Manager

United States of America

Lead Infrastructure Engineer

United States of America

Senior Director, Global HR Operations

Domain Name System

Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."