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Profile image for Gulten Tepe Oksuzoglu

Gulten Tepe Oksuzoglu

Türkiye, Republic of

Policy Operations Specialist (GAC)

Staff
Profile image for Tammy Yeow

Tammy Yeow

Singapore

Manager, Global Support

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Profile image for Richard Mannino

Richard Mannino

United States of America

Operations Sr. Specialist

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Profile image for May Kim

May Kim

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

CommunityStaff
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Jia-Juh Kimoto

United States of America

Project Manager I

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Marc Salvatierra

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 2

Staff
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Natalie Schoer

United States of America

Creative Services Manager

Staff
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Xavier Calvez

United States of America

SVP, Planning & Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

Staff
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Laura Bengford

United States of America

Director, Relationship & Delivery Management

Staff
Profile image for Bart Boswinkel

Bart Boswinkel

Netherlands

VP, Policy Development & ccNSO Relations

Staff
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Patrick Jones

United States of America

VP, Global Stakeholder Engagement

Staff
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Daniel Halloran

United States of America

Deputy General Counsel and Chief Data Protection Officer

Staff
Profile image for Christina Rodriguez

Christina Rodriguez

United States of America

Sr. Director, Language Services

Staff
Profile image for Eleeza Agopian

Eleeza Agopian

United States of America

Vice President, Strategic Initiatives

Staff
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Steve Allison

United States of America

Director, Relationship & Delivery Management

Staff
Profile image for Francisco Arias

Francisco Arias

United States of America

VP, GDS Technical Services

Staff
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Yaovi Atohoun

Benin

Stakeholder Engagement & Operations Director - Africa

Staff
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Connor Barthold

United States of America

Lead Information Security Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Fahd Batayneh

Fahd Batayneh

Jordan

Stakeholder Engagement Director- Middle East

Staff
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Josh Baulch

United States of America

Director, Stakeholder Participation and Engagement

Staff
Profile image for Andrea Beccalli

Andrea Beccalli

Portugal

Stakeholder Engagement Senior Director- Europe

Staff
Profile image for Amy Bivins

Amy Bivins

United States of America

Sr. Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Michelle Bright

Michelle Bright

United States of America

Board Content Coordination Director

Staff
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Gwen Carlson

United States of America

Sr. Director, GDD Communications

Staff
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Leticia Castillo-Sojo

United States of America

Sr. Director, Contractual Compliance

Staff
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Joe Catapano

United States of America

Stakeholder Engagement Director - North America & Global Academia

Staff
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Steve Chan

United States of America

VP, Policy Development Support & GNSO Relations

Staff
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Dennis Chang

United States of America

GDD Programs Director

Staff
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Julia Charvolen

France

Policy Operations Manager (GAC)

Staff
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Carlos Chavoya

United States of America

Manager, Service Delivery

Staff
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Chhun Chy

United States of America

Sr Product Manager 1

Staff
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Sally Costerton

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Sr. Advisor to President & SVP, Global Stakeholder Engagement

Staff
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John Crain

United States of America

SVP & Chief Technology Officer

Staff
Profile image for Melanie Brennan

Melanie Brennan

United States of America

GDD Accounts Senior Manager

Staff
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Pierre Dandjinou

Benin

VP, Stakeholder Engagement - Africa

Staff
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Albert Daniels

Saint Lucia

Stakeholder Engagement Sr. Manager - Caribbean

Staff
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Alexandra Dans

Uruguay

Communications Director, the Americas

Staff
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Kim Davies

United States of America

VP, IANA Services & President, PTI

Staff
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Rodrigo De La Parra

Mexico

VP, Stakeholder Engagement & Managing Director - Latin America & Caribbean

Staff
Profile image for Jonathan Denison

Jonathan Denison

United States of America

Sr. Director, Contractual Compliance

Staff
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Jessie Doherty

United States of America

Senior Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Staff
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Harel Efraim

Israel

Principal Software Architect

Staff
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Sam Eisner

United States of America

Deputy General Counsel

Staff
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Baher Esmat

Türkiye, Republic of

VP, Stakeholder Engagement - Middle East & Managing Director MEA

Staff
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Sean Freeark

United States of America

Regional Security Director - North America, Latin America, and Caribbean

Staff
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Morgan Govaars

United States of America

Manager, Service Delivery

Staff
Profile image for Peter Gregoris

Peter Gregoris

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Vendor Management

Staff
Profile image for Gisella Gruber

Gisella Gruber

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Manager, Policy Development & Operations Support (At-Large)

Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."