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Profile image for Julie Bisland

Julie Bisland

United States of America

Policy Operations Sr. Coordinator (GNSO)

Staff
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Amy Bivins

United States of America

Sr. Counsel

Staff
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Terry Blaser

United States of America

Lead Product Manager

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Bart Boswinkel

Sr Director, ccNSO Policy Development Support

Staff
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Ely Bouganim

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager 1

Staff
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Joke Braeken

Germany

Policy Development Support Senior Manager (ccNSO)

Staff
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Melanie Brennan

United States of America

Meetings Project Manager

CommunityStaff
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Mike Brennan

United States of America

Program Manager

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Profile image for Brenda Brewer

Brenda Brewer

United States of America

Policy Operations Coordinator

Staff
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Michelle Bright

Board Content Coordination Director

Staff
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Anthony Bruneio

United States of America

End User Support 2

Staff
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Jennifer Bryce

United States of America

Review Support and Accountability Project Manager

Staff
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Kristy Buckley

Canada

Outreach & Digital Inclusion Director

Staff
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Elisa Busetto

Belgium

Policy Research Coordinator

Staff
Profile image for Desiree Cabrera

Desiree Cabrera

United States of America

Executive Assistant

Staff
Profile image for Jeanette Caldera

Jeanette Caldera

United States of America

Learning and Development Director

Staff
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Xavier Calvez

United States of America

SVP, Planning and Chief Financial Officer (CFO)

Staff
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Dongmei Cao

United States of America

Sr Technical Lead- Software Engineering

Staff
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Sara Caplis

United States of America

Senior Manager, Meeting Technical Services

Staff
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Carlos

Netherlands

Lead Security, Stability, and Resiliency Specialist

Staff
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Gwen Carlson

United States of America

Senior Director, GDD Communications

Staff
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Kimberly Carlson

United States of America

Policy Operations Specialist (ccNSO)

Staff
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Tony Carpenter

Administrative Assistant

Staff
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Franco Carrasco

Belgium

Board Operations Manager

Staff
Profile image for Lisa Carter

Lisa Carter

United States of America

GDD Accounts Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Kathryn Carver

Kathryn Carver

United States of America

SVP, Government and Intergovernmental Organization Engagement

Staff
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Michael Cashin

United States of America

Senior Manager, End User Support

Staff
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Leticia Castillo

United States of America

Director, Contractual Compliance

Staff
Profile image for Joe Catapano

Joe Catapano

United States of America

Stakeholder Engagement Sr Manager

Staff
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Justin Caton

United States of America

Copywriter

Staff
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James Caulfield

United States of America

VP, Risk Management

Staff
Profile image for Liz Chai

Liz Chai

Singapore

Senior Accountant, APAC

Staff
Profile image for Liane Champagne

Liane Champagne

United States of America

Lead Product Manager

Staff
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Steve Chan

United States of America

Senior Director, Policy Development Support & GNSO Relations

Staff
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Dennis Chang

United States of America

GDD Programs Director

Staff
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Ivan Chang

United States of America

Senior Paralegal

Staff
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Julia Charvolen

France

Policy Operations Manager (GAC)

Staff
Profile image for Carlos Chavoya

Carlos Chavoya

Operations Manager

Staff
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Andrew Chen

United States of America

Research Specialist

Staff
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Jeff Chen

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer, QA Automation

Staff
Profile image for May Chen

May Chen

United States of America

GDD Services Manager

Staff
Profile image for Dickson Chew

Dickson Chew

Singapore

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Daniela Chomikova

Daniela Chomikova

Belgium

Implementation Operations Assistant Manager

Staff
Profile image for Joanna Choo

Joanna Choo

Singapore

Sr. HR Manager, APAC

Staff
Profile image for Genie Chou

Genie Chou

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Senior Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Ankur Chugh

Ankur Chugh

United States of America

Senior Financial Analyst III

Staff
Profile image for Mukesh Chulani

Mukesh Chulani

Türkiye, Republic of

GDD Programs Director

Staff
Profile image for Chhun Chy

Chhun Chy

United States of America

Sr Product Manager 1

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."