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Corinna Ace

United States of America

Product Manager

Staff
Profile image for Charmayne Adams

Charmayne Adams

Sr. Payroll Administrator

Staff
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Terri Agnew

United States of America

Operations Support - GNSO Lead Administrator

Staff
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Eleeza Agopian

United States of America

Strategic Initiatives Director

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Yan Agranonik

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Contractual Compliance Risk and Audit

Staff
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Brian Aitchison

United States of America

Lead Researcher, GDD, Operations and Policy Research

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Alan Akahoshi

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager, IANA Services

Staff
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Seda Akbulut

Turkey

Lead Global Support Analyst

Staff
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Adiel Akplogan

Canada

VP Technical Engagement

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
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Sawsan Aldawodi

United States of America

Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Melissa Peters Allgood

United States of America

Conflict Resolution Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Steve Allison

Steve Allison

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Eduardo Alvarez

United States of America

Technical Services Sr. Manager

Staff
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Pablo Alvarez

Enterprise Infrastructure Architect

Staff
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Shaunte Anderson

United States of America

Sr. Audit & Operations Program Specialist

Staff
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Betsy Andrews

United States of America

Public Responsibility Program Specialist

Staff
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Mikhail Anismov

Russian Federation

Stakeholder Engagement Sr. Manager -Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Staff
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Charlotte Anongos

United States of America

Salesforce Developer

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
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Nicolas Antoniello

Uruguay

Regional Technical Engagement Manager

Staff
Profile image for Roy Arends

Roy Arends

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Principal Research Scientist

Staff
Profile image for Francisco Arias

Francisco Arias

Sr. Director, GDD Technical Services

Staff
Profile image for Yaovi Atohoun

Yaovi Atohoun

Stakeholder Engagement & Ops Mngr - Africa

Staff
Profile image for Nick Axelrod-McLeod

Nick Axelrod-McLeod

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Specialist

Staff
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Gozde Aydin

Turkey

Global Support Analyst I

Staff
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Amanda Baber

United States of America

IANA Lead Services Specialist

Staff
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Maryam Bakoshi

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

SO/AC Collaboration Services Sr. Coordinator

Staff
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Emily Barabas

Netherlands

Policy Manager

Staff
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Christopher Bare

United States of America

Director, Global Implementation & Operations

Staff
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Jeffri Barnard

United States of America

Payroll Specialist

Staff
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Connor Barthold

Sr. Information Security Engineer

Staff
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Ted Bartles

United States of America

Meeting Production Operations Sr. Manager

Staff
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Fahd Batayneh

Jordan

Stakeholder Engagement Sr. Manager - Middle East

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
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Josh Baulch

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Meeting Planning Operations

Staff
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Andrea Beccalli

Portugal

Stakeholder Engagement Director - Europe

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Laura Bengford

United States of America

Director, Product Management for Community Services

Developing WorldTechnology

Staff
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Susanna Bennett

SVP & Chief Operating Officer

Staff
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Fabien Betremieux

France

GAC Advice and Policy Support Senior Advisor

Staff
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Bridget Bilyk

United States of America

Sr Accountant

Staff
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Julie Bisland

United States of America

Secretariat Operations Coordinator - GNSO

Staff
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Amy Bivins

United States of America

Legal Counsel

Staff
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Terry Blaser

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Enterprise Applications & Financial Systems

Staff
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Bart Boswinkel

Sr Director, ccNSO Policy Development Support

Staff
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Joke Braeken

Germany

ccNSO Policy Advisor

Staff
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Melanie Brennan

United States of America

Meetings Project Manager

CommunityStaff
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Mike Brennan

United States of America

Meetings Technical Services Project Manager

Staff
Profile image for Brenda Brewer

Brenda Brewer

United States of America

Projects and Operations Assistant - Multistakeholder Strategy and Strategic Initiatives

Staff
Profile image for Michelle Bright

Michelle Bright

Board Content Coordination Director

Staff
Profile image for Anthony Bruneio

Anthony Bruneio

United States of America

End User Support

Technology

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."