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Profile image for Yan Agranonik

Yan Agranonik

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Contractual Compliance Risk and Audit

Staff
Profile image for Steve Allison

Steve Allison

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Fahd Batayneh

Fahd Batayneh

Jordan

Stakeholder Engagement Sr. Manager - Middle East

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Xavier Calvez

Xavier Calvez

United States of America

Senior Vice President, Planning and Chief Financial Officer

DNS Marketplace

Staff
Profile image for Dongmei Cao

Dongmei Cao

United States of America

Sr Engineering Team Lead

Staff
Profile image for Mukesh Chulani

Mukesh Chulani

Turkey

gTLD Accounts Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for James Cole

James Cole

United States of America

Sr. Global Communications Coordinator

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Pamela Howard MBA CPA

Pamela Howard MBA CPA

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Performance Measurement and Reporting

Staff
Profile image for John Crain

John Crain

Chief Security, Stability & Resiliency Office

Developing WorldTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Albert Daniels

Albert Daniels

Saint Lucia

Stakeholder Engagement Sr Manager -The Caribbean

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Dean Edwards

Dean Edwards

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager

DNS MarketplaceTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Baher Esmat

Baher Esmat

Vice President, Stakeholder Engagement - Middle East & Managing Director - Middle East & Africa (MEA)

CommunityStaff
Profile image for Marilia Hirano

Marilia Hirano

United States of America

Manager, IANA Continuous Improvement

Staff
Profile image for John Jeffrey

John Jeffrey

General Counsel & Secretary

Staff
Profile image for Patrick L. Jones

Patrick L. Jones

United States of America

Senior Director, Global Stakeholder Engagement

CommunityStaff
Profile image for Jia Kimoto

Jia Kimoto

United States of America

Project Manager

Staff
Profile image for Jia Rong Low

Jia Rong Low

Vice President, Stakeholder Engagement & Managing Director - Asia Pacific

Staff
Profile image for David Olive

David Olive

United States of America

SVP, Policy Development Support

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Cassia Oliveira

Cassia Oliveira

Sr Manager, Office of the CEO

Staff
Profile image for Rodrigo De La Parra

Rodrigo De La Parra

Vice President, Stakeholder Engagement & Managing Director - Latin America & Caribbean

Staff
Profile image for Adam Peake

Adam Peake

Civil Society Engagement Sr. Manager

Civil Society

Staff
Profile image for Erika Randall

Erika Randall

Associate General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Ashwin Rangan

Ashwin Rangan

United States of America

SVP Engineering & Chief Information Officer

Technology

Staff
Profile image for Masoud Sahraian

Masoud Sahraian

Lead QA Engineer

Staff
Profile image for David Soltero

David Soltero

United States of America

Sr. Lead Infrastructure Engineer- Architecture

Staff
Profile image for Heidi Ullrich

Heidi Ullrich

United States of America

VP, Policy Development & At-Large Relations

Staff
Profile image for Mary Wong

Mary Wong

United States of America

Vice President, Strategic Community Operations, Planning and Engagement

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."