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Profile image for Yan Agranonik

Yan Agranonik

United States

Sr. Manager, Contractual Compliance Risk and Audit

Staff
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Steve Allison

United States

Sr. Product Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Fahd Batayneh

Fahd Batayneh

Jordan

Stakeholder Engagement Manager - Middle East

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Susanna Bennett

Susanna Bennett

SVP & Chief Operating Officer

Staff
Profile image for Jonathan Boswell

Jonathan Boswell

Lead Technical Writer

Staff
Profile image for Xavier Calvez

Xavier Calvez

United States

SVP & CFO

DNS Marketplace

Staff
Profile image for Dongmei Cao

Dongmei Cao

Sr Engineering Team Lead

Staff
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Mukesh Chulani

Turkey

Registrar Services & Engagement Sr Manager

Staff
Profile image for James Cole

James Cole

United States

Sr. Global Communications Coordinator

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for John Crain

John Crain

Chief Security, Stability & Resiliency Office

Developing WorldTechnology

Staff
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Albert Daniels

Saint Lucia

Stakeholder Engagement Sr Manager -The Caribbean

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
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Quentin Duda

United States

Sr. Salesforce Developer & Integrator

Staff
Profile image for Dean Edwards

Dean Edwards

United States

Sr. Product Manager

DNS MarketplaceTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Baher Esmat

Baher Esmat

VP, Stakeholder Engagement - Middle East

StaffCommunity
Profile image for Marilia Hirano

Marilia Hirano

United States

Manager, IANA Continuous Improvement

Staff
Profile image for Pamela Howard

Pamela Howard

United States

Sr. Manager, Performance Measurement and Reporting

Staff
Profile image for John Jeffrey

John Jeffrey

General Counsel & Secretary

Staff
Profile image for Patrick L. Jones

Patrick L. Jones

United States

Senior Director, Global Stakeholder Engagement

Staff
Profile image for Tarek Kamel

Tarek Kamel

Sr Advisor to President & SVP, Government and IGO Engagement

Staff
Profile image for Ariel Xinyue Liang

Ariel Xinyue Liang

United States

Policy Analyst

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Jia Rong Low

Jia Rong Low

Vice President, Stakeholder Engagement & Managing Director - Asia Pacific

Staff
Profile image for Richard Mannino

Richard Mannino

United States

Operations Specialist II

Staff
Profile image for David Olive

David Olive

United States

SVP, Policy Development Support

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Cassia Oliveira

Cassia Oliveira

Sr Manager, Office of the CEO

Staff
Profile image for Rodrigo De La Parra

Rodrigo De La Parra

Vice President, Stakeholder Engagement & Managing Director - Latin America & Caribbean

Staff
Profile image for Gary Petzer

Gary Petzer

United States

VP Engineering, Stakeholder Community Solutions Delivery

Civil SocietyDeveloping World

Staff
Profile image for Erika Randall

Erika Randall

Associate General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Ashwin Rangan

Ashwin Rangan

United States

SVP Engineering & Chief Information Officer

Technology

Staff
Profile image for Masoud Sahraian

Masoud Sahraian

Lead QA Engineer

Staff
Profile image for David Soltero

David Soltero

Lead DNS Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Victoria Yang

Victoria Yang

United States

Organizational Assessment and Improvement Program Manager

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."