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Profile image for Daniel Fink

Daniel Fink

Brazil

Stakeholder Engagement Director - Brazil

Staff
Profile image for Sean Freeark

Sean Freeark

United States of America

Regional Security Director - North America, Latin America, and Caribbean

Staff
Profile image for Morgan Govaars

Morgan Govaars

United States of America

Manager, Service Delivery

Staff
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Peter Gregoris

United States of America

Sr. Manager, Vendor Management

Staff
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Gisella Gruber

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

Manager, Policy Development & Operations Support (At-Large)

Staff
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Steve Gwon

United States of America

Paralegal Services Manager

Staff
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Julie Hedlund

United States of America

Policy Development Support Director (GNSO)

Staff
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Jamie Hedlund

United States of America

SVP, Contractual Compliance & U.S. Government Engagement

Staff
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Stacy Hoffberg Berman

United States of America

Sr. Manager Events - Los Angeles

Staff
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Liz Hoover

United States of America

Global Human Resources Operations Director

Staff
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Alice Jansen

Belgium

Implementation Operations Director- Reviews

Staff
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John Jeffrey

United States of America

General Counsel and Secretary

Staff
Profile image for Susie Johnson

Susie Johnson

United States of America

Policy Operations Sr. Specialist & Executive Assistant

Staff
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Tanzanica King

United States of America

Meeting Strategy and Design Director

Staff
Profile image for Liz Le

Liz Le

United States of America

Associate General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Karen Lentz

Karen Lentz

United States of America

VP Policy Research & Stakeholder Programs

Staff
Profile image for Ariel Liang

Ariel Liang

United States of America

Policy Research Senior Manager

Staff
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Roger Lim

Singapore

Sr. Director, Contractual Compliance (APAC)

Staff
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Jia Rong Low

Singapore

VP, Stakeholder Engagement & Managing Director - Asia Pacific

Staff
Profile image for Gustavo Lozano Ibarra

Gustavo Lozano Ibarra

United States of America

Director, Technical Services Projects

Staff
Profile image for Terry Manderson

Terry Manderson

Australia

VP, Information Security and Network Engineering

Staff
Profile image for Antonietta Mangiacotti

Antonietta Mangiacotti

United States of America

Policy Research and Implementation Sr. Manager

Staff
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Selim Manzak

Türkiye, Republic of

Event Planner

Staff
Profile image for Karthika Marati

Karthika Marati

United States of America

Sr. QA Engineer 2

Staff
Profile image for Veni Markovski

Veni Markovski

United States of America

VP, Government Engagement - UN NY and Interim Head of Government and IGO Engagement

Staff
Profile image for Brian Martin

Brian Martin

United States of America

Sr. Lead Information Security Engineer

Staff
Profile image for Diana Middleton

Diana Middleton

United States of America

Global Stakeholder Engagement, Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Anand Mishra

Anand Mishra

United States of America

Director, Relationship & Delivery Management

Staff
Profile image for Chris Mondini

Chris Mondini

Belgium

VP, Stakeholder Engagement & Managing Director - Europe

Staff
Profile image for Sabrina Mosquera

Sabrina Mosquera

Argentina

Senior Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Staff
Profile image for Bob Ochieng

Bob Ochieng

Kenya

Sr. Director, New gTLD Subsequent Procedures

Staff
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Cassia Oliveira

United States of America

Director, Office of the CEO

Staff
Profile image for Krista Papac

Krista Papac

United States of America

Complaints Officer

Staff
Profile image for Nathalie Peregrine

Nathalie Peregrine

France

Community Operations Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Wendy Profit

Wendy Profit

United States of America

Board Operations Sr. Manager

Staff
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Reed Quinn

United States of America

Senior Manager, Data Center & Cloud Operations

Staff
Profile image for Laura Ramirez

Laura Ramirez

United States of America

Events Senior Manager

Staff
Profile image for Erika Randall

Erika Randall

United States of America

Associate General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Benedetta Rossi

Benedetta Rossi

France

Policy Development Support Director (GAC)

Staff
Profile image for Seher Sagiroglu

Seher Sagiroglu

Türkiye, Republic of

Stakeholder Engagement Sr. Specialist- Middle East and Africa

Staff
Profile image for Masood Sahraian

Masood Sahraian

United States of America

Staff Software Engineer, QA Automation

Staff
Profile image for Gabriella Schittek

Gabriella Schittek

Poland

Stakeholder Engagement Director, Nordic & Central Europe

Staff
Profile image for Vivek Sengupta

Vivek Sengupta

United States of America

Sr. Director, Procurement

Staff
Profile image for Hope Shafer

Hope Shafer

United States of America

Lead Operations Analyst

Staff
Profile image for Charla Shambley

Charla Shambley

United States of America

Sr. Manager Operations, Service Delivery & Support

Staff
Profile image for Steve Sheng

Steve Sheng

United States of America

Sr. Director, Policy Development Support & Technical Community Relations

Staff
Profile image for Maya Smundak

Maya Smundak

United States of America

Senior Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Staff
Profile image for Darrel Spearman

Darrel Spearman

United States of America

Sr. Director, Administrative Services & Facilities

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."