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旨在促进 ICANN 审核机制发展的原则草案

2026 年 06 月 3 日
作者： Chris Disspain、 Avri Doria 和
Manal Ismail

Manal Ismail

Ms. Manal Ismail is Chief Expert, Internet Policies at the National Telecom Regulatory Authority (NTRA) of Egypt. Prior to her work at the NTRA, she worked at the Egyptian Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT), where she has been involved in a number of initiatives that successfully served Egypt’s national plan of building its Information Society, and at the Cabinet Information and Decision Support Center (IDSC) among the team who first introduced the Internet to Egypt. Ms. Ismail represented Egypt on the GAC for more than 15 years, served as one of its vice chairs twice, in 2009 and 2017, and is now serving as the GAC chair and GAC non-voting liaison to the ICANN Board since ICANN60 AGM on November 2017. She has also served as vice chair of the first ICANN Accountability and Transparency Review Team (ATRT1), member of the IANA Stewardship Transition Coordination Group (ICG), co-chair of the Board-GAC Interaction Group (BGIG), co-chair of the GAC-GNSO Consultation Group, and member of the ICANN Middle East Strategy Working Group (MESWG). Ms. Ismail has led the establishment of the DNS Entrepreneurship Center (DNS-EC) in Egypt mandated to serve the Arab and African regions, contributed to various early community and ICANN efforts on Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs), and led GAC discussions until the successful introduction of IDNs. Ms. Ismail is an active member of the global Internet community. She participates to the Internet and Jurisdiction Policy Network, global Internet Governance Forum (IGF) meetings, the Arab Internet Governance Forum (Arab IGF), the League of Arab States (LAS) Working Group on Domain Names and Internet Issues, and was member of the NETmundial Executive Multistakeholder Committee. She is founding member of the Internet Society Chapter of Egypt (ISOC-EG) and founding member of the Regional Internet Registry of Africa (AfriNIC). Ms. Ismail holds Master of Science degree in Computer Science from University of Louisville (UofL), Kentucky, USA, and Bachelor of Science degree in Electronic and Communication Engineering from Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.

在过去的几个月里，审核综述 (Review of Reviews) 跨社群小组 (Cross Community Group, CCG)（以下简称审核 CCG）就全面更新后的审核体系到底是什么样子与社群进行了交流沟通，现在打算分享提案的最新版本，以供在 ICANN86 届会议期间讨论。为阐明提案的核心要义，审核 CCG 现根据第 1 阶段的讨论成果，提出指导原则草案。

原则：审核应简明扼要，聚焦核心问题。

  • 建议的审核体系包含两项强制性审核：每 5 年进行一次的问责制与透明度审核 (Accountability & Transparency Review, ATR)，以及每 15 年进行一次的 ICANN 结构审核。
  • 该体系还增设了一个“按需审核”(On-Demand Review, ODR) 框架，可根据审核需要，针对新出现的问题、非周期性结构需求以及“特殊主题”进行有针对性的重点审核。
  • 启动 ODR 需满足较高门槛，而且要进行磋商，确认存在开展审核的广泛利益。

原则：审核应针对当前环境和情况做出迅速、灵活而且适度的回应。

  • 当认为有必要时，例如因资源限制、能力不足或实际可行性受影响，ATR 和结构审核这两项强制性审核的启动时间在经社群批准后可以推迟。我们制定了相关措施以避免审核被一再推迟。
  • 按需审核的主要优点在于提供必要的灵活性，以便在需要时开展审核。

原则：审核应范围明确、目标清晰，并通过高效的优先级排序，确保在资源调配方面实现可控管理。

  • ATR 和 ODR 须遵循审核范围界定委员会 (Reviews Scoping Committee, RSC) 制定成文的范围界定和优先排序流程，包括多个社群磋商步骤。这样可以确保在审核启动前，相关各方明确审核的目标和范围，达成共识并协调一致地采取行动。
  • ICANN“三位一体”架构的全部三个组成部分，即 ICANN 社群（由支持组织和咨询委员会 (Supporting Organization and Advisory Committee, SO/AC) 领导层代表）、员工和董事会，均为 RSC 的成员，RSC 充当信息交换机构，负责防止工作重叠和过度承诺。
  • 可行性和资源评估是召集 ATR 和 ODR 的流程中不可或缺的组成部分。
  • RSC 针对要遵循的标准设立了一个平衡计分卡，将根据可行性和资源评估的结果，力求确保以最优方式利用可用资源。
  • 对于 ATR，RSC 将审视已在 SO/AC 层面确定优先级的议题清单。对于 ODR，RSC 将在必要时审视优先级排序，并设有保障措施，确保所建议的主题或问题尚未被列入 ATR，也不属于当前正在审议或实施的建议的范畴。

原则：审核应设定时间限制，并保持合理的频率。

  • ATR 应遵循定义的启动流程，综合考虑先前的实施工作以及整体时间安排，从而确保审核在最有效的时机启动。
  • 所有审核都必须制定工作计划。

原则：审核应提供切实可行的结果，并形成旨在推动必要改变的明确成果。

  • 通过确立明确的范围、确保利益相关方的目标保持一致以及促进跨社群协作，审核体系旨在产生切实可行且具有实际意义的成果。

审核 CCG 诚邀社群成员在 ICANN86 届会议期间，通过亲临现场或在线参会的方式，在“审核综述”会议期间参与讨论。您可以借此机会分享自己的观点，并协助规划这项工作的下一阶段，包括用于提交公共评议的报告草案。

关于审核综述跨社群小组（审核 CCG）

ICANN 目前通过审核 CCG，努力探索如何借助 ICANN 审核更有效地支持问责制、透明度和有效性。

审核 CCG 汇集了 SO、AC、ICANN 董事会和组织、专家顾问以及活跃观察员，以全新视角审视当前的审核体系。审核 CCG 的章程已于 2025 年 9 月获得董事会批准，他们目前正在将《ICANN 章程》中规定的审核作为一个完整体系（包括其实施情况），开展根本性评估。

您可访问社群工作空间维基页面，进一步了解审核 CCG，关注其进展，并了解如何参与。

克里斯·狄思潘 (Chris Disspain)、艾芙丽·多利亚 (Avri Doria) 和玛娜尔·伊斯梅尔 (Manal Ismail)
审核综述跨社群小组联合主席

Authors

Chris Disspain

Avri Doria

Avri Doria

Manal Ismail

Manal Ismail

Manal Ismail

Manal Ismail

Ms. Manal Ismail is Chief Expert, Internet Policies at the National Telecom Regulatory Authority (NTRA) of Egypt. Prior to her work at the NTRA, she worked at the Egyptian Ministry of Communications and Information Technology (MCIT), where she has been involved in a number of initiatives that successfully served Egypt’s national plan of building its Information Society, and at the Cabinet Information and Decision Support Center (IDSC) among the team who first introduced the Internet to Egypt. Ms. Ismail represented Egypt on the GAC for more than 15 years, served as one of its vice chairs twice, in 2009 and 2017, and is now serving as the GAC chair and GAC non-voting liaison to the ICANN Board since ICANN60 AGM on November 2017. She has also served as vice chair of the first ICANN Accountability and Transparency Review Team (ATRT1), member of the IANA Stewardship Transition Coordination Group (ICG), co-chair of the Board-GAC Interaction Group (BGIG), co-chair of the GAC-GNSO Consultation Group, and member of the ICANN Middle East Strategy Working Group (MESWG). Ms. Ismail has led the establishment of the DNS Entrepreneurship Center (DNS-EC) in Egypt mandated to serve the Arab and African regions, contributed to various early community and ICANN efforts on Internationalized Domain Names (IDNs), and led GAC discussions until the successful introduction of IDNs. Ms. Ismail is an active member of the global Internet community. She participates to the Internet and Jurisdiction Policy Network, global Internet Governance Forum (IGF) meetings, the Arab Internet Governance Forum (Arab IGF), the League of Arab States (LAS) Working Group on Domain Names and Internet Issues, and was member of the NETmundial Executive Multistakeholder Committee. She is founding member of the Internet Society Chapter of Egypt (ISOC-EG) and founding member of the Regional Internet Registry of Africa (AfriNIC). Ms. Ismail holds Master of Science degree in Computer Science from University of Louisville (UofL), Kentucky, USA, and Bachelor of Science degree in Electronic and Communication Engineering from Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Egypt.

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