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ICANN 博文

敬请阅读 ICANN 的博文，了解最新政策制定活动和区域事务等等。

没有有效的实施，政策不过是一纸空谈…

2013 年 03 月 12 日
作者：
David Olive

David Olive

SVP, Policy Development Support & Managing Director - Washington, D.C.

David Olive is the Senior Vice President of Policy Development Support at the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). He leads the team responsible for developing and coordinating policies with the Internet community to support the security, stability, and interoperability of the Internet.

Prior to joining ICANN in 2010, David served at Fujitsu Limited in Washington, D.C., as General Manager and chief corporate representative where he led the formation of public policy on Internet communications technology. He advised executives on business planning, corporate and business development, and public policy for the Internet, electronic commerce, telecommunications, science, and technology.

Before Fujitsu, David served as a U.S. Department of State Foreign Service Officer where he specialized in trade, investment, and technology policy. He was a recipient of the Department’s Meritorious Honor Award for distinguished service.

David has served with many technology and business organizations including the Commercial Board of Directors of TechAmerica, Board of Directors of the Computer and Communications Industry Association, the U.S.-Japan Business Council, International Chamber of Commerce, and more.

David earned his bachelor’s degree from Georgetown University and graduate degrees from Johns Hopkins University and Princeton University. He has completed executive leadership programs at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government and Kadir Has University in Istanbul, Turkey.

即使最优秀的政策也可能在实施中遇到困难。因此，政策应被视为时时更新的”动态文件”。它们需要通过领导力、资源、监管和其他意见来不断发展并实现自身目标 1.

ICANN 章程明确规定了 ICANN 的正式政策制定规则，但是没有确定政策实施的流程和程序。因此，ICANN 最近的讨论（尤其是在新 gTLD 工作背景下）重点围绕一个关键问题，即何时实施政策以及何时根据实施情况对政策进行更新？

虽然很多人认为不可能制定出明线规则（即明确、清晰、简单的规则），界定什么是政策或实施，但是似乎有很大的空间可以阐明当前活动并且更好地确定在政策实施过程中 ICANN 的不同利益主体所担负的职责。

出于上述考虑，工作人员最近开始在各个机构群体中和多个机构群体间更加全面地讨论这一难题。为期 42 天的公众意见论坛 – “政策与实施”就这一问题广泛征求机构群体的最新意见，该论坛将于几天后关闭。目前，计划在即将召开的 ICANN 北京公开会议期间举办一场专门的公开研讨会讨论这一主题。我希望大多数人都能参与讨论。

当前情形:

当前，ICANN 内部制定有多种不同的”政策”。例如，章程中规定有正式的政策制定流程 (PDP)。有些运作政策（如利益冲突政策）通常不会受到 PDP 或经慎重考虑后的实施的约束，PDP 或经慎重考虑后的实施会征求并考虑公众意见，但不是必须要求。还有一种情况是，机构群体的一般实践有时被称为”小 p”政策或者更准确地说是”程序”（例如，章程修改需要 30 天的公众意见征询期）。

对于正式制定的政策，负责制定政策建议的工作组会提供实施指南，但是多数情况下，ICANN 理事会将实施计划制定工作交由 ICANN 工作人员负责。根据政策建议中提供的详细信息，这可能是一个简单的流程，但是某些情况下，需要进行额外的咨询、澄清或意见征询。

虽然在某些方面已经取得了重大改进（例如在 GNSO 政策建议工作中使用机构群体实施审查小组），但是当前尚无整体组织框架能够说明征求与实施相关问题的意见所需要的步骤和机会，或者如何处理来自相关利益主体关于如何管理实施工作的不同意见。

根据个人立场和观点，政策与实施之间的界线通常模糊不清。政策制定是一门不精确的科学。一般政策协商期间达成的一般性决定在面临实施的可操作性时难以做出解释。

最近（例如，新 gTLD 计划申请人指南更新期间以及重要合同[如有关纳入"详细"Whois 注册管理机构模式的影响的 .com 和 .net 注册管理机构协议]协商期间）提出了一些问题：何时需要使用新 PDP 审查具体实施问题，何时能够通过征询公众意见审查拟定变更。

其他问题包括：如何解决政策制定阶段未充分考虑的”新”问题；什么情况下新问题的决议会获得 ICANN 机构群体的一致支持；广泛听取意见后，即使 ICANN 机构群体内部未达成一致意见，董事会或工作人员何时通过征求意见来解决政策实施过程中提出的新问题。

这些问题都没有快速解决方案，但是随着 ICANN 多利益主体模式的成熟，需要进一步考虑这些问题。

向着更加清晰的目标迈进

本着”最优秀的政策需要通过领导力和其他意见来不断发展并实现自身目标”的精神，为便于进行讨论，政策工作人员已经在我的指导下制定了框架草案供机构群体讨论，草案中确定了可能有助于未来解决类似问题的许多步骤和标准。本文件

(http://gnso.icann.org/en/correspondence/policy-implementation-framework-08jan13-en.pdf [PDF, 195 KB]) 概述了在这一背景下有待进一步考虑的问题和几点短期改进建议。

我们已经收到了各方在公众意见征询期提出的建设性意见（请参阅

http://www.icann.org/en/news/public-comment/policy-implementation-31jan13-en.htm）。为继续进行这一讨论并确定下一步可能采取的措施，计划在 ICANN 北京会议期间举行一场关于这一主题的专题研讨会（具体时间为4 月 10 日，星期三，北京时间 9:00- 10:30）。

我们继续推行鼓励机构群体积极参与并自下而上达成共识的多利益主体模式，因此，本人真诚期待您的宝贵意见。

1 USAID health policy initiative ‘Taking the Pulse of Policy’（把握政策的脉搏）－ 参阅http://futuresgroup.com/files/publications/Taking_the_Pulse_of_Policy.pdf [PDF, 682 KB]

Authors

David Olive

David Olive

SVP, Policy Development Support & Managing Director - Washington, D.C.
David Olive

David Olive

SVP, Policy Development Support & Managing Director - Washington, D.C.

David Olive is the Senior Vice President of Policy Development Support at the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). He leads the team responsible for developing and coordinating policies with the Internet community to support the security, stability, and interoperability of the Internet.

Prior to joining ICANN in 2010, David served at Fujitsu Limited in Washington, D.C., as General Manager and chief corporate representative where he led the formation of public policy on Internet communications technology. He advised executives on business planning, corporate and business development, and public policy for the Internet, electronic commerce, telecommunications, science, and technology.

Before Fujitsu, David served as a U.S. Department of State Foreign Service Officer where he specialized in trade, investment, and technology policy. He was a recipient of the Department’s Meritorious Honor Award for distinguished service.

David has served with many technology and business organizations including the Commercial Board of Directors of TechAmerica, Board of Directors of the Computer and Communications Industry Association, the U.S.-Japan Business Council, International Chamber of Commerce, and more.

David earned his bachelor’s degree from Georgetown University and graduate degrees from Johns Hopkins University and Princeton University. He has completed executive leadership programs at Harvard University’s Kennedy School of Government and Kadir Has University in Istanbul, Turkey.

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