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Apoyo al progreso de la comunidad de la ICANN: el tema de los genéricos cerrados

19 de abril de 2022
Por
Maarten Botterman

Maarten Botterman

ICANN Board Member

Maarten Botterman is an independent strategic adviser on Internet governance and related issues with more than 25 years' experience in guiding governments and major organizations on the economic, business, and societal impacts of current and future Internet innovations and technologies. During those 25-plus years, he participated in and led more than 50 international projects and studies and published more than 80 peer-reviewed reports for governments and industry on Future Net issues with teams, including experts with advanced academic degrees from many disciplines, ranging from technology and mathematics to economics and law, and from many different countries and cultures.

Maarten was employed as Head of Unit and Senior Adviser to the Dutch Government (1987–1995) and as Scientific Officer to the Communications Technology Research program that was run by the European Commission (1995–1999). These years brought many insights about the public interest and governance aspects of the developing global, networked knowledge society. These insights were further deepened when working for RAND Corporation, setting up and running an Information Society policy practice in Europe (1999–2006), with an emphasis on policy evaluation and scenario planning. Since 2006, he has been working as an independent strategic adviser to governments and businesses in close cooperation with leading independent research institutions in Europe (including RAND Europe, TNO Netherlands, DTI Danmark, Inno France, and CIVIC Germany). Today, he is internationally recognized as a governance and future Internet expert and is a regular contributor to international Internet governance events such as the Internet Governance Forum, where he is leading the Dynamic Coalition for the Internet of Things.

Next to advising the Dutch government and the European Commission on Internet governance issues, he got deeply involved in ICANN's work as a Board member and Chairman of the Public Interest Registry (2008–2016), over time actively participating in more than 40 ICANN meetings. Having worked internationally since 1995, he has extensive experience in working with people from different national and cultural backgrounds, and is comfortable in engaging in English, German, French, and Dutch (mother tongue). He has a reputation as an independent, trustworthy, out-of-the-box thinker who is able to look at issues from several perspectives with strong awareness of the bigger picture. Having served on boards and having reported to boards, he has extensive experience with effective board governance and the responsibilities and obligations that come with a director's position on a U.S. nonprofit board. Over the years, he has been a frequent guest speaker and/or moderator, mostly at smart technology-related events.

Maarten holds an advanced degree in business economics from Erasmus University Rotterdam. He is a certified coach and has a certificate in medical-based knowledge, both of which help in better understanding of what drives people in decision-making and going through life. In addition, he has completed several board excellence trainings with internationally renowned institutions, including Harvard Business School, INSEAD, IMD, MIT, Yale School of Management, and Northwestern's Kellogg School of Management. His areas of interest include government, civil society, and technology.

Maarten is based in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He was nominated to serve on the ICANN Board by the Nominating Committee in 2016 and served as Board Chair from 2019 until 2022. His third and final term will expire at the Annual General Meeting in 2025.

Hay muchos temas y preguntas que deben abordarse y responderse a medida que avanzamos hacia la próxima ronda de dominios genéricos de alto nivel (gTLD). Uno de estos temas es el de los genéricos cerrados. Como se indica en el Informe Final del Grupo de Trabajo para el Proceso de Desarrollo de Políticas sobre Procedimientos Posteriores a la Introducción de los Nuevos gTLD (SubPro PDP WG), un genérico cerrado es "un TLD que representa una cadena de caracteres que es un nombre o término genérico bajo el cual el operador del registro o sus afiliados registran y utilizan de forma exclusiva los dominios".

El Informe Final es la culminación de años de deliberaciones del grupo de trabajo y de los aportes de la comunidad para elaborar recomendaciones finales, pautas de implementación y otros contenidos sobre temas incluidos en la carta orgánica del grupo de trabajo. A pesar de los extensos debates y deliberaciones, el grupo de trabajo no logró concretar recomendaciones consensuadas sobre los genéricos cerrados. En general, los comentarios públicos revelaron una marcada divergencia en las opiniones de la comunidad sobre este tema. Hay opiniones muy firmes que consideran que deberían permitirse todos los genéricos cerrados. Por el contrario, hay quienes opinan que los genéricos cerrados no deberían estar permitidos en ninguna circunstancia. Estas opiniones divergentes se reflejaron en los diversos informes del proceso de desarrollo de políticas (PDP) y en los procesos de comentarios públicos.

Con el fin de apoyar a la comunidad para ayudar a lograr avances en este tema, la Junta Directiva de la ICANN ha invitado al Consejo de la Organización de Apoyo para Nombres Genéricos (GNSO) y al Comité Asesor Gubernamental (GAC) a iniciar un diálogo sobre un marco viable para los genéricos cerrados.

La Junta Directiva ha propuesto este diálogo al Consejo de la GNSO y al GAC. También ha publicado un documento marco para delinear el alcance de los debates propuestos. Como se indica en el Documento marco, si el Consejo y el GAC están de acuerdo en continuar este diálogo, el primer paso sería acordar el alcance, los plazos, las normas de participación y si se acepta o no la oferta de un facilitador designado por la Junta Directiva.

Acerca del tema:

En consonancia con las recomendaciones del PDP sobre la Introducción de Nuevos Dominios Genéricos de Alto Nivel de 2007 de la GNSO, la Guía para el Solicitante de 2012 no abordó los genéricos cerrados, permitiéndolos así de forma implícita. En marzo de 2013, el Consejo de la GNSO confirmó este permiso implícito, y señaló que "no debía ser responsabilidad de la ICANN restringir el uso de los gTLD de manera alguna, sino que debía dejar que los nuevos solicitantes de gTLD propusieran varios modelos; abiertos o cerrados, genéricos o no". En el Asesoramiento del GAC de Pekín de 2013 publicado posteriormente, se declaró que para "las cadenas de caracteres que representan términos genéricos, el acceso exclusivo al registro debería servir a un objetivo de interés público".

Para abordar esta política en virtud del asesoramiento del GAC, el Comité para el Programa de Nuevos gTLD de la Junta Directiva de la ICANN tomó medidas en 2014 para crear una solución para las solicitudes en proceso y para reforzar la importancia de que las cuestiones de políticas se resuelvan a través del proceso de múltiples partes interesadas. La Junta Directiva solicitó "que la GNSO específicamente incluya la cuestión del acceso exclusivo al registro para las cadenas de caracteres que sirvan a un objetivo de interés público para iniciar rondas posteriores del Programa de Nuevos gTLD". Como se señaló anteriormente, el SubPro PDP WG consideró ampliamente el tema en su trabajo, pero no incluyó recomendaciones sobre los genéricos cerrados en su Informe Final.

Próximos pasos

Si el diálogo da lugar a un posible marco, la Junta Directiva prevé que el Consejo de la GNSO, en su función de administrador del proceso de desarrollo de políticas, determine la forma más adecuada de avanzar para abordar la falta de recomendaciones de políticas sobre los genéricos cerrados. Por ejemplo, el marco podría servir como punto de partida para desarrollar recomendaciones de políticas de consenso sobre los genéricos cerrados. Al igual que con todas las recomendaciones de políticas que considera para su aprobación, la Junta Directiva espera que dicho proceso sea abierto, transparente e inclusivo. Esperamos con ansias apoyar este diálogo.

Puede obtener información adicional acerca del PDP sobre Procedimientos Posteriores a la Introducción de los Nuevos gTLD aquí.

Authors

Maarten Botterman

Maarten Botterman

ICANN Board Member
Maarten Botterman

Maarten Botterman

ICANN Board Member

Maarten Botterman is an independent strategic adviser on Internet governance and related issues with more than 25 years' experience in guiding governments and major organizations on the economic, business, and societal impacts of current and future Internet innovations and technologies. During those 25-plus years, he participated in and led more than 50 international projects and studies and published more than 80 peer-reviewed reports for governments and industry on Future Net issues with teams, including experts with advanced academic degrees from many disciplines, ranging from technology and mathematics to economics and law, and from many different countries and cultures.

Maarten was employed as Head of Unit and Senior Adviser to the Dutch Government (1987–1995) and as Scientific Officer to the Communications Technology Research program that was run by the European Commission (1995–1999). These years brought many insights about the public interest and governance aspects of the developing global, networked knowledge society. These insights were further deepened when working for RAND Corporation, setting up and running an Information Society policy practice in Europe (1999–2006), with an emphasis on policy evaluation and scenario planning. Since 2006, he has been working as an independent strategic adviser to governments and businesses in close cooperation with leading independent research institutions in Europe (including RAND Europe, TNO Netherlands, DTI Danmark, Inno France, and CIVIC Germany). Today, he is internationally recognized as a governance and future Internet expert and is a regular contributor to international Internet governance events such as the Internet Governance Forum, where he is leading the Dynamic Coalition for the Internet of Things.

Next to advising the Dutch government and the European Commission on Internet governance issues, he got deeply involved in ICANN's work as a Board member and Chairman of the Public Interest Registry (2008–2016), over time actively participating in more than 40 ICANN meetings. Having worked internationally since 1995, he has extensive experience in working with people from different national and cultural backgrounds, and is comfortable in engaging in English, German, French, and Dutch (mother tongue). He has a reputation as an independent, trustworthy, out-of-the-box thinker who is able to look at issues from several perspectives with strong awareness of the bigger picture. Having served on boards and having reported to boards, he has extensive experience with effective board governance and the responsibilities and obligations that come with a director's position on a U.S. nonprofit board. Over the years, he has been a frequent guest speaker and/or moderator, mostly at smart technology-related events.

Maarten holds an advanced degree in business economics from Erasmus University Rotterdam. He is a certified coach and has a certificate in medical-based knowledge, both of which help in better understanding of what drives people in decision-making and going through life. In addition, he has completed several board excellence trainings with internationally renowned institutions, including Harvard Business School, INSEAD, IMD, MIT, Yale School of Management, and Northwestern's Kellogg School of Management. His areas of interest include government, civil society, and technology.

Maarten is based in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He was nominated to serve on the ICANN Board by the Nominating Committee in 2016 and served as Board Chair from 2019 until 2022. His third and final term will expire at the Annual General Meeting in 2025.

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