此外,同一语言群体使用多种文字(称为“多语制”)在非洲十分普遍。例如,共创造了两种版本的 Alphabet National du Tchad (ANT),一种基于拉丁文,另一种基于阿拉伯文。使用萨尔语的群体可以使用这两种文字中的任何一种来书写,例如,狮子一词可以使用 ANT 拉丁文写作“ɓəl”,也可以使用 ANT 阿拉伯文写作此处所示的 ٻّلْ 。
摘自 Alphabet National du Tchad。绿色列提供了蓝色列中所列乍得语单词的法语翻译,包括基于拉丁文的形式(红色列)和基于阿拉伯文的形式(黄色列)。(Décret fixant l'Alphabet National du Tchad 的普莱斯特 (Priest) 和霍斯肯 (Hosken) [PDF, 4.53 MB] 的一项提案中提供的表格,2010 年。)
目前,ICANN 正在开展一个支持将国际化域名 (IDN) 作为顶级域 (TLD) 的项目。其正在制定根区标签生成规则 (RZ-LGR),以支持不同的文字。此项工作由基于社群的专家组(称为“生成专家组”,GP)领导,负责根据社群敲定的程序 [PDF, 1.39 MB] 记录文字的使用。阿拉伯文 GP 已完成其工作,并支持以阿拉伯文书写的大多数非洲语言。最近,埃塞俄比亚文 GP 也已完成其纳入 RZ-LGR 的提案。
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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."
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