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El Sistema de Servidores Raíz

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Existen 12 operadores de servidores raíz independientes que gestionan 13 identidades raíz en todo el mundo. La organización de la ICANN gestiona una de estas identidades raíz: el servidor raíz gestionado por la ICANN (IMRS). Estas identidades representan más de 1500 servidores individuales, cada uno de los cuales proporciona información idéntica de la zona raíz a los resolutores del DNS de todo el mundo.

¿Qué es la zona raíz?

La zona raíz contiene información de referencia para los dominios de alto nivel, que apunta a sus servidores del sistema de nombres de dominio para ayudar a resolver la solicitud de su dispositivo.

Infografía del Sistema de Servidores Raíz

¿Le interesa saber cómo funciona? Explore la infografía de la organización de la ICANN en este enlace.

El servicio raíz y usted

  • La ICANN recomienda a los operadores de red cualificados que alojen instancias del IMRS en su país, territorio o región para prestar servicios de datos raíz.
  • Otros operadores de servidores raíz disponen de programas que permiten a los operadores de red gestionar localmente una instancia de zona raíz.
  • La gestión de una instancia ayuda a mejorar la seguridad, estabilidad y resiliencia de la infraestructura del DNS de Internet en su país, territorio o región.

Más información

Lea la descripción general del Sistema de Servidores Raíz de la organización de la ICANN en este enlace.

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."