Skip to main content
Resources

About Trademark Post-Delegation Dispute Resolution Procedure (Trademark PDDRP)

Through the Trademark PDDRP, ICANN offers a dispute resolution mechanism for someone that believes that a Registry Operator is intentionally and systematically infringing trademarks in its top-level domain (TLD), either by itself or by aiding third parties, the Trademark PDDRP proceedings will be conducted pursuant to the approved Trademark PDDRP.

If the Trademark PDDRP proceedings result in an Expert Determination in favor of the complainant, that Determination will include recommended remedies.

ICANN has the discretion to impose the recommended remedies, absent extraordinary circumstances.

ICANN will be responsible for enforcing the remedies.

The Trademark PDDRP does not apply to any ccTLD (such as .us, .de, .uk, etc.).

A Trademark PDDRP Complaint must be submitted directly to an Approved Trademark PDDRP Service Provider

Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."