Reference LGR for script: Javanese (Java) lgr-second-level-javanese-script-23apr26-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2026-04-23
LGR Version 1 (Second Level Reference LGR)
Language und-Java (Javanese Script)
Unicode Version 15.1.0

Description

INSTRUCTIONS

  • These instructions cover how to adopt an LGR based on this reference LGR for a given zone and how to prepare the file for deposit in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices.
  • As described the IANA procedure
    (https://www.iana.org/help/idn-repository-procedure)
    an LGR MUST contain the following elements in its header:
    • Script or Language Designator (see below for guidance)
    • Version Number (this must increase with each amendment to the LGR, even if the updates are limited to the header itself)
    • Effective Date (the date at which the policy becomes applicable in operational use)
    • Registry Contact Details (contact name, email address, and/or phone number)
  • The following information is optional:
    • Document creation date
    • Applicable Domain(s)
    • Changes made to the Reference LGR before adopting

Please add or modify the following items in the XML source code for this file before depositing the document in the IANA Repository.
(https://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables)

Meta Data

Note: version numbers start at 1. RFC 7940 recommends using simple integers. The version comment is optional, please replace or delete the default comment. Version comments may be used by some tools as part of the page header.

<version comment="[Please replace (or delete) the optional comment]">[Please fill in version number, starting at 1]</version>

<date>[Please fill in with publication date, in YYYY-MM-DD format]</date>

<validity-start>[Please fill in effective date, in YYYY-MM-DD format]</validity-start>

Note: the scope element may be repeated, so that the same document can serve for multiple domains.

<scope type="domain">[Please provide, in ".domain" format]</scope>

Registry Contact Information:

Please fill in the Registry Contact Details.

Change History

If you made technical modifications to the LGR, please summarize them in the Change History (and also note the details in the appropriate section of the description).

PLEASE DELETE THESE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE DEPOSITING THE DOCUMENT

Registry Contact Details

Reference Label Generation Rules for the Javanese Script

Overview

This document specifies a set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Javanese Script. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

For details and additional background on the Javanese script, see "Javanese Script Reference Label Generation Rules for Second-Level Domain Names" [Proposal-Javanese].

Repertoire

The repertoire for the Javanese Script contains 76 characters as defined in Section 5.1 “Included Code Points” in [Proposal-Javanese].

For the second level, the repertoire has been augmented with the ASCII digits, U+0030 0 to U+0039 9, plus U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS, for a total of 76 repertoire elements.

Any code points outside the Javanese Script repertoire that are targets for out-of-repertoire variants would be included here only if the variant is listed in this file. In this case they are identified as a reflexive (identity) variant of type “out-of-repertoire-var”. Whether or not they are listed, they do not form part of the repertoire.

Repertoire Listing: Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts with which the code point is used and one or more other character categories. For each repertoire element, one or more references document sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire; see the “References” below. For code points that are part of the repertoire, comments identify the languages using the code point along with their [EGIDS] level.

Excluded Characters

The following 23 code points from the Javanese block in [Unicode 15.1.0] have been excluded in the Reference LGR repertoire due to a variety of reasons; some are used only in Sanskrit or ancient manuscripts. The digits are excluded because many of them are homographs of letters.

  • U+A980  ꦀ  JANAVESE SIGN PANYANGGA
  • U+A985 ꦅ JAVANESE LETTER I KAWI
  • U+A987 ꦇ JAVANESE LETTER II
  • U+A98B ꦋ JAVANESE LETTER NGA LELET RASWADI
  • U+A996 ꦖ JAVANESE LETTER CA MURDA
  • U+A998 ꦘ JAVANESE LETTER NYA MURDA
  • U+A999 ꦙ JAVANESE LETTER JA MAHAPRANA
  • U+A99C ꦜ JAVANESE LETTER TTA MAHAPRANA
  • U+A99E ꦞ JAVANESE LETTER DDA MAHAPRANA
  • U+A9AC ꦬ JAVANESE LETTER RA AGUNG
  • U+A9B5  ꦵ  JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TOLONG
  • U+A9B7  ꦷ  JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN WULU MELIK
  • U+A9B9  ꦹ  JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU MENDUT
  • U+A9D0 ꧐ JAVANESE DIGIT ZERO
  • U+A9D1 ꧑ JAVANESE DIGIT ONE
  • U+A9D2 ꧒ JAVANESE DIGIT TWO
  • U+A9D3 ꧓ JAVANESE DIGIT THREE
  • U+A9D4 ꧔ JAVANESE DIGIT FOUR
  • U+A9D5 ꧕ JAVANESE DIGIT FIVE
  • U+A9D6 ꧖ JAVANESE DIGIT SIX
  • U+A9D7 ꧗ JAVANESE DIGIT SEVEN
  • U+A9D8 ꧘ JAVANESE DIGIT EIGHT
  • U+A9D9 ꧙ JAVANESE DIGIT NINE

See Section 5.2 “Excluded Code Point” in [Proposal-Javanese].

Variants

The LGR defines a number of in-script variants. The variants are based on linguistic and orthographic analysis of the Javanese script, as well as contemporary and historical usage patterns. There are two sets of consonants in the Javanese script, Aksara Murda and Aksara Wyanjana, which are used to represent the same set of sounds, but differ in whether they are used in a formal or informal context. They are otherwise interchangeable; if any label containing one of these variants is selected first, other equivalent variant labels must be blocked.

Digit Variants: The Javanese reference LGR does not include native digits, so there are no semantic variants defined.

Should an extension be contemplated that adds native digits, these might require variant relations. At the same time, however, any native digits would normally be semantic variants of the ASCII digits. In any zone containing multiple scripts, these two types of variant relation for digits may lead to complication once transitivity is applied.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

The specification of variants in this LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

The LGR defines the following character classes:

  • Consonants — The Javanese script is an abugida, a segmental writing system in which consonant–vowel sequences are written as units. Each consonant, like in other Brahmi scripts, constitutes a syllable with an inherent vowel /a/ that could be modified by following it with a Dependent Vowel Sign.
  • Medial Consonants — A medial consonant functions to represent a semivowel sound that occurs within a single syllable.
  • Independent Vowels — The independent vowels are mainly used for personal names and languages other than Javanese, for example, Indonesian, Sundanese, and English. In writing Javanese text, the independent vowel is usually replaced with the character U+A9B2 ꦲ followed by the appropriate dependent vowel.
  • Dependent Vowels — Dependent vowels are used to modify the inherent vowel of a consonant or independent vowel.
  • Signs — This class collects various signs used in the Javanese script.
  • Common-digits — the set of ASCII digits.

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

The LGR provides script specific restrictions on the allowable placement of initial code point of a label, as well as restrictions on composition. These are implemented with the following rules:

Common Rules

By default, the LGR includes the rules and actions to implement the following restrictions mandated by the IDNA protocol. They are marked with ⍟.

  • Hyphen Restrictions — restrictions on the allowable placement of hyphens (no leading/ending hyphen and no hyphen in positions 3 and 4). These restrictions are described in Section 4.2.3.1 of RFC 5891 [5891]. They are implemented here as context rule on U+002D (-) HYPHEN-MINUS.
  • Leading Combining Marks — restrictions on the allowable placement of combining marks (no leading combining mark). This rule is described in Section 4.2.3.2 of RFC 5891 [5891].

Script-specific rules in this LGR already prevent combining marks in leading position making the "leading-combining-mark" rule technically redundant. It is retained here for consistency.

Default Actions

This LGR includes the complete set default actions for LGRs as well as the action needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940] and [5891]. An additional action is triggered by mixed digit labels.

Script-specific Context Rules

The LGR defines the following script-specific context rules concerning the of various classes of characters.

  • follows-A9BA-A9BC — U+A9B4  ꦴ  VOWEL SIGN TARUNG can follow U+A9BA  ꦺ  JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TALING or U+A9BC  ꦼ  JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET. However, U+A9B4  ꦴ  can’t follow other dependent vowels.
  • follows-cons-med-vowel-dep — Various signs (U+A981  ꦁ , U+A982  ꦂ , U+A983  ꦃ ) must follow a consonant, a medial consonant, an independent vowel, or a dependent vowel.
  • follows-cons-med-vowel — A dependent vowel must follow a consonant, a medial consonant, or an independent vowel.
  • follows-cons-vowel — U+A9C0  ꧀  pangkon must follow a consonant or an independent vowel.
  • follows-cons — Medial consonants must follow a consonant.

Script-specific Whole Label Rules

The LGR defines the following script-specific whole label rules:

  • pangkon-disallowed — According to section 7.1 in [Proposal-Javanese], the pattern (consonant/independent vowel + U+A9C0  ꧀  + consonant/independent vowel + U+A9C0  ꧀  + consonant/independent vowel) is prohibited, as it would result in below-2-base stacking.

This rule is implemented as a whole-label rule which triggers a corresponding action, invalidating any label containing the full pattern. As this pattern also occurs within any triple-stack pattern, triple stacking is invalidated at the same time. For a WLE rule, it is immaterial whether the code points are part of a sequence or not, therefore, the special handling of sequences in 7.2 is implicit.

Actions

Default Actions

This LGR includes the default actions for LGRs as well as the action needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].

Javanese-specific actions

The pangkon restriction rule triggers a Javanese-specific action that invalidates any original and variant labels not satisfying the constraints. See Section 7, “Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) Rules” in [Proposal-Javanese].

Methodology

This Second Level Reference LGR for the Javanese Script was developed based on the proposal from the Javanese Script Reference LGR Generation Panel and edited by Asmus Freytag based on community feedback and public review. See [Proposal-Javanese] for methodology and contributors.

Changes from Version Dated 23 April 2026

This is a placeholder to document any changes applied by the registry operator when adopting the reference LGR. If no change has been noted, the LGR is the same as the Second Level Reference LGR for the Javanese Script [Ref-LGR-und-Java] without normative changes.

References

This document cites the following general references.

[EGIDS]
Lewis and Simons, “EGIDS: Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale,” documented in [SIL-Ethnologue] and summarized here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_Graded_Intergenerational_Disruption_Scale_(EGIDS)
[Guidelines]
ICANN, “Guidelines for Developing Reference LGRs for the Second Level”, (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 27 May 2020),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/lgr-guidelines-second-level-27may20-en.pdf
[Level-2-Overview]
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, (ICANN),“Reference Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Second Level: Overview and Summary” (PDF), (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 23 April 2026),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/level2-lgr-overview-summary-23apr26-en.pdf
[Proposal-Javanese]
“Javanese Script Reference Label Generation Rules Reference for Second Level Domain Names”, 23 April 2026,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-javanese-second-level-23apr26.pdf
[Ref-LGR-und-Java]
ICANN, Second Level Reference Label Generation Rules for the Javanese Script (und-Java), 23 April 2026 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-javanese-script-23apr26-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation:
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-javanese-script-23apr26-en.html
[RFC 7940]
Davies, K. and A. Freytag, “Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML”, RFC 7940, August 2016,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
A. Freytag, “Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels”, RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[SIL-Ethnologue]
David M. Eberhard, Gary F. Simons & Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2021. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty fourth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version available as
https://www.ethnologue.com
[Unicode 15.1.0]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 15.1.0, (South San Francisco, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2023. ISBN 978-1-936213-33-7)
https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode15.1.0/

References [0] to [10] refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [110] and above correspond to sources given in [Proposal-Javanese] justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. In the listing of whole label evaluation and context rules, reference [5891] indicates the source for common rules.

Repertoire

Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire 76
Number of code points
for each script
Javanese 51
Common 1
Number of code points 52
Number of sequences 24
Longest code point sequence 3
Code points defined via sequence 1

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

Some code points that may be part of a valid label under this LGR only occur as part of one or more sequences. Such code points are not listed individually in the table.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code
Point		 Glyph Script Name Ref Tags Required Context Variants Comment
U+002D - Common HYPHEN-MINUS [0], [110], [111], [112], [113] Sign not: hyphen-minus-disallowed    
U+A981  ꦁ Javanese JAVANESE SIGN CECAK [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Sign follows-cons-med-vowel-dep   = anusvara
U+A982  ꦂ Javanese JAVANESE SIGN LAYAR [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Sign follows-cons-med-vowel-dep   = final r
U+A982 U+A99F  ꦂꦟ {Javanese} JAVANESE SIGN LAYAR + JAVANESE LETTER NA MURDA [113] [Sign] + [Consonant] follows-cons-med-vowel-dep set 1  
U+A982 U+A9A0  ꦂꦠ {Javanese} JAVANESE SIGN LAYAR + JAVANESE LETTER TA [113] [Sign] + [Consonant] follows-cons-med-vowel-dep set 2  
U+A982 U+A9A1  ꦂꦡ {Javanese} JAVANESE SIGN LAYAR + JAVANESE LETTER TA MURDA [113] [Sign] + [Consonant] follows-cons-med-vowel-dep set 2  
U+A982 U+A9A4  ꦂꦤ {Javanese} JAVANESE SIGN LAYAR + JAVANESE LETTER NA [113] [Sign] + [Consonant] follows-cons-med-vowel-dep set 1  
U+A982 U+A9B0  ꦂꦰ {Javanese} JAVANESE SIGN LAYAR + JAVANESE LETTER SA MAHAPRANA [113] [Sign] + [Consonant] follows-cons-med-vowel-dep set 3  
U+A982 U+A9B1  ꦂꦱ {Javanese} JAVANESE SIGN LAYAR + JAVANESE LETTER SA [113] [Sign] + [Consonant] follows-cons-med-vowel-dep set 3  
U+A983  ꦃ Javanese JAVANESE SIGN WIGNYAN [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Sign follows-cons-med-vowel-dep   = visarga
U+A984 ꦄ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER A [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Vowel      
U+A986 ꦆ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER I [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Vowel      
U+A988 ꦈ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER U [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Vowel      
U+A989 ꦉ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER PA CEREK [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Vowel     = vocalic r; rě in Javanese
U+A98A ꦊ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER NGA LELET [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Vowel     = vocalic l; lě in Javanese
U+A98C ꦌ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER E [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Vowel      
U+A98D ꦍ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER AI [10], [112], [113] Vowel      
U+A98E ꦎ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER O [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Vowel      
U+A98F ꦏ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER KA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 4  
U+A98F U+A9B3 ꦏ꦳ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER KA + JAVANESE SIGN CECAK TELU [110], [111], [113] [Consonant] + U+A9B3      
U+A990 ꦐ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER KA SASAK [10], [113] Consonant     = qa
U+A991 ꦑ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER KA MURDA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 4 = kha
U+A992 ꦒ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER GA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 5  
U+A992 U+A9B3 ꦒ꦳ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER GA + JAVANESE SIGN CECAK TELU [110], [111], [113] [Consonant] + U+A9B3      
U+A993 ꦓ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER GA MURDA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 5 = gha
U+A994 ꦔ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER NGA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A995 ꦕ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER CA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A997 ꦗ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER JA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A997 U+A9B3 ꦗ꦳ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER JA + JAVANESE SIGN CECAK TELU [110], [111], [113] [Consonant] + U+A9B3      
U+A99A ꦚ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER NYA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A99A U+A9C0 U+A995 ꦚ꧀ꦕ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER NYA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER CA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 6  
U+A99A U+A9C0 U+A997 ꦚ꧀ꦗ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER NYA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER JA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 7  
U+A99B ꦛ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER TTA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A99D ꦝ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER DDA [10], [112], [113] Consonant   set 8  
U+A99F ꦟ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER NA MURDA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 9 = nna
U+A99F U+A9C0 U+A99B ꦟ꧀ꦛ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER NA MURDA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER TTA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 10  
U+A99F U+A9C0 U+A99D ꦟ꧀ꦝ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER NA MURDA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER DDA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 11  
U+A9A0 ꦠ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER TA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 12  
U+A9A1 ꦡ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER TA MURDA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 12 = tha
U+A9A2 ꦢ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER DA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A9A2 U+A9B3 ꦢ꦳ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER DA + JAVANESE SIGN CECAK TELU [110], [111], [113] [Consonant] + U+A9B3      
U+A9A3 ꦣ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER DA MAHAPRANA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 8 = dha
U+A9A4 ꦤ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER NA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 9  
U+A9A4 U+A9C0 U+A995 ꦤ꧀ꦕ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER NA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER CA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 6  
U+A9A4 U+A9C0 U+A997 ꦤ꧀ꦗ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER NA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER JA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 7  
U+A9A4 U+A9C0 U+A99B ꦤ꧀ꦛ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER NA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER TTA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 10  
U+A9A4 U+A9C0 U+A99D ꦤ꧀ꦝ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER NA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER DDA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 11  
U+A9A5 ꦥ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER PA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 13  
U+A9A5 U+A9B3 ꦥ꦳ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER PA + JAVANESE SIGN CECAK TELU [110], [111], [113] [Consonant] + U+A9B3      
U+A9A6 ꦦ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER PA MURDA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 13 = pha
U+A9A7 ꦧ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER BA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 14  
U+A9A8 ꦨ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER BA MURDA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 14 = bha
U+A9A9 ꦩ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER MA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A9AA ꦪ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER YA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A9AB ꦫ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER RA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A9AD ꦭ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER LA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A9AE ꦮ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER WA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A9AE U+A9B3 ꦮ꦳ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER WA + JAVANESE SIGN CECAK TELU [110], [113] [Consonant] + U+A9B3      
U+A9AF ꦯ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER SA MURDA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 15 = sha
U+A9B0 ꦰ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER SA MAHAPRANA [10], [112], [113] Consonant   set 15  
U+A9B0 U+A9C0 U+A99B ꦰ꧀ꦛ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER SA MAHAPRANA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER TTA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 16  
U+A9B0 U+A9C0 U+A99D ꦰ꧀ꦝ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER SA MAHAPRANA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER DDA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 17  
U+A9B1 ꦱ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER SA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant   set 15  
U+A9B1 U+A9C0 U+A99B ꦱ꧀ꦛ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER SA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER TTA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 16  
U+A9B1 U+A9C0 U+A99D ꦱ꧀ꦝ {Javanese} JAVANESE LETTER SA + JAVANESE PANGKON + JAVANESE LETTER DDA [113] [Consonant] + [Virama] + [Consonant]   set 17  
U+A9B2 ꦲ Javanese JAVANESE LETTER HA [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Consonant      
U+A9B4  ꦴ Javanese JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TARUNG [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Dependent-Vowel follows-A9BA-A9BC    
U+A9B6  ꦶ Javanese JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN WULU [10], [110], [111], [112], [113] Dependent-Vowel follows-cons-med-vowel    
U+A9B8  ꦸ Javanese JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU [10], [110], [111], [112] Dependent-Vowel follows-cons-med-vowel    
U+A9BA  ꦺ Javanese JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN TALING [10], [110], [111], [112] Dependent-Vowel follows-cons-med-vowel    
U+A9BB  ꦻ Javanese JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN DIRGA MURE [10], [112] Dependent-Vowel follows-cons-med-vowel    
U+A9BC  ꦼ Javanese JAVANESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET [10], [110], [111], [112] Dependent-Vowel follows-cons-med-vowel    
U+A9BD  ꦽ Javanese JAVANESE CONSONANT SIGN KERET [10], [110], [111], [112] Medial-Consonant follows-cons    
U+A9BE  ꦾ Javanese JAVANESE CONSONANT SIGN PENGKAL [10], [110], [111], [112] Medial-Consonant follows-cons    
U+A9BF  ꦿ Javanese JAVANESE CONSONANT SIGN CAKRA [10], [110], [111], [112] Medial-Consonant follows-cons    
U+A9C0  ꧀ Javanese JAVANESE PANGKON [10], [110], [111], [112] Virama follows-cons-vowel    

Legend

Throughout this document, a code point sequence may be annotated with a string in ALL CAPS that is constructed on the same principle as a name for a Unicode Named Sequence. No claim is made that a sequence thus annotated is in fact a named sequence, nor that the annotation in such case actually corresponds to the formal name of a named sequence.

Code Point
A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph
The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common. Sequences are annotated with a set of all distinct script values.
Name
Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database. Named sequences are listed with their normative names, for ad-hoc sequences the individual names are shown separated by “+”.
Ref
Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view. For sequences, the tags for all member code points are shown in [] for information; sequences as such do not have tags.
Required Context
Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed. [] marks confusables sets that are for documentation only
Comment
The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.

Variants

Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets 17
Largest variant set 3
Variants by Type
blocked 38

Variant Sets

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and all variant sets are disjoint.

Common Legend

Source
By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
→ - forward
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
← - reverse
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
↔ - both
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
Type
The type of the variant mapping, including predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”; or any that are defined specifically for this LGR.
Ref
One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A982 A99F  ꦂꦟ A982 A9A4  ꦂꦤ ↔ blocked   rna

Variant Set 2 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A982 A9A0  ꦂꦠ A982 A9A1  ꦂꦡ ↔ blocked   rta

Variant Set 3 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A982 A9B0  ꦂꦰ A982 A9B1  ꦂꦱ ↔ blocked   rsa

Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A98F ꦏ A991 ꦑ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A992 ꦒ A993 ꦓ ↔ blocked   Ga

Variant Set 6 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A99A A9C0 A995 ꦚ꧀ꦕ A9A4 A9C0 A995 ꦤ꧀ꦕ ↔ blocked   Nca

Variant Set 7 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A99A A9C0 A997 ꦚ꧀ꦗ A9A4 A9C0 A997 ꦤ꧀ꦗ ↔ blocked   Nja

Variant Set 8 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A99D ꦝ A9A3 ꦣ ↔ blocked   Dha

Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A99F ꦟ A9A4 ꦤ ↔ blocked   Na

Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A99F A9C0 A99B ꦟ꧀ꦛ A9A4 A9C0 A99B ꦤ꧀ꦛ ↔ blocked   ntha

Variant Set 11 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A99F A9C0 A99D ꦟ꧀ꦝ A9A4 A9C0 A99D ꦤ꧀ꦝ ↔ blocked   ndha

Variant Set 12 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A9A0 ꦠ A9A1 ꦡ ↔ blocked   Ta

Variant Set 13 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A9A5 ꦥ A9A6 ꦦ ↔ blocked   Pa

Variant Set 14 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A9A7 ꦧ A9A8 ꦨ ↔ blocked   Ba

Variant Set 15 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A9AF ꦯ A9B0 ꦰ ↔ blocked   Sa
A9AF ꦯ A9B1 ꦱ ↔ blocked   Sa
A9B0 ꦰ A9B1 ꦱ ↔ blocked   Sa

Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A9B0 A9C0 A99B ꦰ꧀ꦛ A9B1 A9C0 A99B ꦱ꧀ꦛ ↔ blocked   stha

Variant Set 17 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
A9B0 A9C0 A99D ꦰ꧀ꦝ A9B1 A9C0 A99D ꦱ꧀ꦝ ↔ blocked   sdha

Classes, Rules and Actions

Character Classes

Number of named classes 6
Implicit defined by script tag 2

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges Ref Comment
consonant Tag=Consonant 30 {A98F-A995 A997 A99A-A99B A99D A99F-A9AB A9AD-A9B2} [101] Any Javanese consonant
medial-cons Tag=Medial-Consonant 3 {A9BD-A9BF} [101] Any Javanese medial consonant
vowel Tag=Vowel 8 {A984 A986 A988-A98A A98C-A98E} [101] Any Javanese independent vowel
dep-vowel Tag=Dependent-Vowel 6 {A9B4 A9B6 A9B8 A9BA-A9BC} [101] Any Javanese dependent vowel
sign Tag=Sign 4 {002D A981-A983} [101] Any Javanese sign
virama Tag=Virama 1 {A9C0} [101] The Javanese virama (Pangkon)
implicit Tag=sc:Java 51 {A981-A984 A986 A988-A98A A98C-A995 A997 A99A-A99B A99D A99F-A9AB A9AD-A9B2 A9B4 A9B6 A9B8 A9BA-A9C0}   Any character tagged as Javanese
implicit Tag=sc:Zyyy 1 {002D}   Any character tagged as Common

Legend

Members or Ranges
Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt
A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit
An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value and for which there is no named equivalent.

Note: The following named classes are defined but not used in this LGR: sign.

Whole Label Evaluation and Context Rules

Number of rules 8
Used to trigger actions 2
Used as context rule (C) 6
Anchored context rules 6

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name Regular Expression Used as
Trigger		 Anchor Used as
Context		 Ref Comment
hyphen-minus-disallowed ((((start))← ⚓︎)|(⚓︎ →((end)))|(((start)..\u002D)← ⚓︎))   ✔ C [5891] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS ⍟
leading-combining-mark (start)[[\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [\p{gc=Mc}]] ✔     [5891] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
pangkon-disallowed ([[:consonant:] ∪ [:vowel:]][:virama:]){2,2}[[:consonant:] ∪ [:vowel:]] ✔     [101] To prevent below 2-Base stacking, a U+A9C0  ꧀  PANGKON following a consonant or independent vowel must not occur twice in a row if then followed by a third consonant or independent vowel.
follows-A9BA-A9BC ([\uA9BA\uA9BC])← ⚓︎   ✔ C [101] U+A9B4  ꦴ  can follow U+A9BA  ꦺ  or U+A9BC  ꦼ . However, U+A9B4  ꦴ  can’t follow other dependent vowels.
follows-cons-med-vowel-dep ([:consonant:]|[:medial-cons:]|[:vowel:]|[:dep-vowel:])← ⚓︎   ✔ C [101] Various signs (U+A981  ꦁ , U+A982  ꦂ , U+A983  ꦃ ) must follow a consonant, a medial consonant, an independent vowel, or a dependent vowel.
follows-cons-med-vowel ([:consonant:]|[:vowel:]|[:medial-cons:])← ⚓︎   ✔ C [101] A dependent vowel must follow a consonant, a medial consonant, or an independent vowel.
follows-cons-vowel ([[:consonant:] ∪ [:vowel:]])← ⚓︎   ✔ C [101]  
follows-cons ([:consonant:])← ⚓︎   ✔ C [101] Medial consonants must follow a consonant; a sequence with a middle U+A9C0  ꧀  PANGKON must not follow a consonant.

Legend

Used as Trigger
This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓︎ - context anchor
Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(...)← - look-behind
If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
→(..) - look-ahead
If present encloses required context following the anchor.
( ) - group
An anonymous nested rule is used to group match operators.
(... | ...) - choice
When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
start or end
(start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
. - any code point
. matches any code point.
*, +, ?, {n,m} - quantifiers
* indicates 0 or more, + indicates one or more, and ? indicates up to one instance. {n,m} indicates at least n and at most m instances.
\u1234 - literal
Each hex escape \u1234 stands for a single character. For literals, unlike sets, hex escapes can concatenate into a sequence, unless quantifiers intervene. Quantifiers apply to the full subpart, not to single characters only. For literals, ' ' acts as an explicit default quantifier {1,1} to aid in scoping.
[ ] - explicit character set
For explicit character sets that are part of a rule, only those members are shown that are defined in this LGR.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators (∪ = union, ∩ = intersection, ∖ = difference, ∆ = symmetric difference).
⍟ - default rule
Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label matches leading-combining-mark → invalid [5891] by default, labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
2 if label matches pangkon-disallowed → invalid [101] any label with disallowed pangkon placement is invalid
3 if at least one variant is in {out-of-repertoire-var} → invalid   any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
4 if at least one variant is in {blocked} → blocked   any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
5 if any label (catch-all)   → valid   catch all; default action ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set
In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Note: The following variant types are used in one or more actions, but are not defined in this LGR: out-of-repertoire-var. This is not necessarily an error.

Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the References section in the Description.

[0] The Unicode Standard, Version 1.1
Code points cited were originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1
[10] The Unicode Standard, Version 5.2
Code points cited were originally encoded in Unicode Version 5.2
[101] Section 7.4, “Summary of the WLE rule” in “Javanese Script Reference Label Generation Rules for Second-Level Domain Names”, 23 April 2026,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-javanese-second-level-23apr26.pdf
[110] Darusuprapta. (2002). Pedoman Penulisan Aksara Jawa. Yayasan Pustaka Nusatama
[111] Koemisi Kasusatran. (1926) Wawaton Panjeratipoen Temboeng Djawi Mawi Sastra Djawi Dalasan Angka. Landsdrukkerij
[112] W.J.S. Purwadarminta. (1931). Serat Mardikawi. De Bliksem
[113] Tim Kongres Aksara Jawa I. (2021). Tata Tulis Aksara Jawa. Dinas Kebudayaan (Kundha Kabudayan) Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
[5891] RFC 5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications(IDNA): Protocol
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891