Root Zone LGR for script und-Arab (Arabic)

This document is mechanically formatted from the XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2015-12-02
LGR Version 1
Language und-Arab
Scope domain: "." (Root)
Unicode Version 6.3.0

Description

Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset for the Arabic Script

Overview

For more details on this LGR and its development see TF-AIDN, "Proposal for Arabic Script Root Zone LGR", Version 3.4, 2015 November 18 [Proposal].

Repertoire

The repertoire is based on Section 3.2 in [Proposal] and only includes code points used by languages that are actively written in the Arabic script. It excludes code points for which TF-AIDN was unable to find sufficient evidence of use (see Appendix F in [Proposal]). The repertoire is based on [MSR-2], which is a subset of Unicode 6.3 [Unicode 6.3].

This LGR does not include combining marks or code point sequences. All combining marks have been excluded for these reasons:

As part of the Root Zone, this LGR includes neither digits nor the HYPHEN-MINUS.

For further details, see Section 3.2 "Code point repertoire included", in [Proposal].

Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below.

Variants

This LGR includes "blocked" and "allocatable" variants, assigned according to Section 4 "Final recommendation of variants for Top Level Domains (TLDs)" in [Proposal]. These recommendations balance the desire to minimize the number of possible allocatable variants with the need to keep the definition of variants simple. See also the comments given in the listing.

Whole Label Evaluations Rules

This LGR includes Whole Label Evaluation rules specific to the Arabic script. See Section 5 "Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) rules", in [Proposal]. As specified, the rules serve to prevent the mixing of two variants of the same code point within the same label. This has the effect of reducing overproduction of variant labels. See also the comments given for each rule or action.

Default Whole Label Evaluation Rules

The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-2]. They are marked with ⍟.

Methodology and Contributors

The proposal for an Arabic Script Root Zone LGR [Proposal] that this LGR is based on, was developed by the Task Force for Arabic Script IDNs [TF-AIDN], based on multiple open public consultations.

For more information and for methodology and contributors see [Proposal].

References

In the listing of the repertoire, references [0] to [12] refer to Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [100] and above correspond to sources justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Single code point or ranges may have multiple source reference values.

In addition the following references are cited in this document:

[IAB]
Internet Architecture Board (IAB), "IAB Statement on Identifiers and Unicode 7.0.0"
https://www.iab.org/documents/correspondence-reports-documents/2015-2/iab-statement-on-identifiers-and-unicode-7-0-0/
[MSR-2]
Integration Panel, "Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-2 Overview and Rationale", 14 April 2015
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-2-overview-14apr15-en.pdf
[Proposal]
TF-AIDN, "Proposal for Arabic Script Root Zone LGR", Version 3.4, 18 November 2015
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/arabic-lgr-proposal-18nov15-en.pdf
[RFC 6365]
RFC 6365, "Terminology Used in Internationalization in the IETF",
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6365
[Unicode 6.3]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/
[TF-AIDN]
Blog, "Task Force for Arabic Script IDNs"
https://www.icann.org/news/blog/what-is-the-task-force-on-arabic-script-idns-tf-aidn-up-to

For more details for references [100] and up and [0] and up refer to the Table of References below.

Repertoire

Summary

Number of elements in Repertoire 128
Longest code point sequence 1

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where the comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed. For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, the link to the associated variant set, or if mapped to itself, the variant type of that mapping is provided in the optional Variants column.

Code
Point		 Glyph Script Name References Variants Comment
U+0620 ؠ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KASHMIRI YEH [11], [115]    
U+0621 ء Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAMZA [0], [100]    
U+0622 آ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE [0], [100] set 1  
U+0623 أ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [100] set 1  
U+0624 ؤ Arabic ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [100] set 2  
U+0625 إ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW [0], [100] set 1  
U+0626 ئ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [100] set 3  
U+0627 ا Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF [0], [100] set 1  
U+0628 ب Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH [0], [100]    
U+0629 ة Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA [0], [100] set 4  
U+062A ت Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH [0], [100] set 5  
U+062B ث Arabic ARABIC LETTER THEH [0], [100] set 6  
U+062C ج Arabic ARABIC LETTER JEEM [0], [100]    
U+062D ح Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH [0], [100]    
U+062E خ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KHAH [0], [100]    
U+062F د Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL [0], [100]    
U+0630 ذ Arabic ARABIC LETTER THAL [0], [100]    
U+0631 ر Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH [0], [100]    
U+0632 ز Arabic ARABIC LETTER ZAIN [0], [100]    
U+0633 س Arabic ARABIC LETTER SEEN [0], [100]    
U+0634 ش Arabic ARABIC LETTER SHEEN [0], [100]    
U+0635 ص Arabic ARABIC LETTER SAD [0], [100]    
U+0636 ض Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAD [0], [100]    
U+0637 ط Arabic ARABIC LETTER TAH [0], [100]    
U+0638 ظ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ZAH [0], [100]    
U+0639 ع Arabic ARABIC LETTER AIN [0], [100]    
U+063A غ Arabic ARABIC LETTER GHAIN [0], [100]    
U+0641 ف Arabic ARABIC LETTER FEH [0], [100] set 7  
U+0642 ق Arabic ARABIC LETTER QAF [0], [100] set 7  
U+0643 ك Arabic ARABIC LETTER KAF [0], [100] set 8  
U+0644 ل Arabic ARABIC LETTER LAM [0], [100]    
U+0645 م Arabic ARABIC LETTER MEEM [0], [100]    
U+0646 ن Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON [0], [100] set 9  
U+0647 ه Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH [0], [100] set 4  
U+0648 و Arabic ARABIC LETTER WAW [0], [100] set 2  
U+0649 ى Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA [0], [100] set 3  
U+064A ي Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH [0], [100] set 3  
U+0672 ٲ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE [0], [102] set 1  
U+0679 ٹ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TTEH [0], [112] set 10  
U+067A ٺ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH [0], [111] set 5  
U+067B ٻ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEEH [0], [111] set 3  
U+067C ټ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH RING [0], [108]    
U+067D ٽ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS [0], [111] set 6  
U+067E پ Arabic ARABIC LETTER PEH [0], [109] set 11  
U+067F ٿ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEHEH [0], [111]    
U+0680 ڀ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEHEH [0], [111]    
U+0681 ځ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [108], [138]    
U+0683 ڃ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NYEH [0], [111] set 12  
U+0684 ڄ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DYEH [0], [111] set 12  
U+0685 څ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [0], [108], [138]    
U+0686 چ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TCHEH [0], [109]    
U+0687 ڇ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH [0], [111]    
U+0688 ڈ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DDAL [0], [112]    
U+0689 ډ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH RING [0], [108], [138]    
U+068A ڊ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW [0], [111]    
U+068B ڋ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW AND SMALL TAH [0], [110], [139]    
U+068C ڌ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAHAL [0], [111]    
U+068D ڍ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DDAHAL [0], [111]    
U+068E ڎ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DUL [0], [137] set 13  
U+068F ڏ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS [0], [111] set 13  
U+0691 ڑ Arabic ARABIC LETTER RREH [0], [112]    
U+0693 ړ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH RING [0], [108], [138]    
U+0695 ڕ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V BELOW [0], [106], [140]    
U+0696 ږ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE [0], [108], [138]    
U+0697 ڗ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE [0], [119], [146]    
U+0698 ژ Arabic ARABIC LETTER JEH [0], [112]    
U+0699 ڙ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE [0], [111], [143]    
U+069A ښ Arabic ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE [0], [108], [138]    
U+069F ڟ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [0], [121], [123], [130]    
U+06A0 ڠ Arabic ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [0], [107], [129], [144]    
U+06A2 ڢ Arabic ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW [0], [101], [130], [131], [132] set 7  
U+06A4 ڤ Arabic ARABIC LETTER VEH [0], [106], [107], [127], [140] set 14  
U+06A6 ڦ Arabic ARABIC LETTER PEHEH [0], [111]    
U+06A7 ڧ Arabic ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE [0], [101], [130], [131], [132] set 7  
U+06A8 ڨ Arabic ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [0], [124] set 14  
U+06A9 ک Arabic ARABIC LETTER KEHEH [0], [112] set 8  
U+06AA ڪ Arabic ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF [0], [111] set 8  
U+06AB ګ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH RING [0], [108], [138] set 15  
U+06AD ڭ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NG [0], [105], [114], [133], [134] set 15  
U+06AE ڮ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW [0], [116]    
U+06AF گ Arabic ARABIC LETTER GAF [0], [109] set 15  
U+06B0 ڰ Arabic ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH RING [0], [110]    
U+06B1 ڱ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NGOEH [0], [111]    
U+06B3 ڳ Arabic ARABIC LETTER GUEH [0], [111]    
U+06B5 ڵ Arabic ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL V [0], [106], [140]    
U+06BA ں Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA [3], [112] set 9  
U+06BB ڻ Arabic ARABIC LETTER RNOON [3], [111] set 10  
U+06BC ڼ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING [3], [108], [138]    
U+06BD ڽ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [0], [107] set 11  
U+06BE ھ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE [0], [112] set 4  
U+06C0 ۀ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE [0], [116], [140] set 4  
U+06C1 ہ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL [0], [112] set 4  
U+06C2 ۂ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [125], [135], [141] set 4  
U+06C3 ۃ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA GOAL [0], [126] set 4  
U+06C4 ۄ Arabic ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH RING [0], [102]    
U+06C6 ۆ Arabic ARABIC LETTER OE [0], [102], [140], [142]    
U+06CB ۋ Arabic ARABIC LETTER VE [0], [103], [114], [136]    
U+06CC ی Arabic ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH [0], [112] set 3  
U+06CD ۍ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TAIL [0], [108], [138] set 3  
U+06CE ێ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH SMALL V [0], [127], [140]    
U+06CF ۏ Arabic ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT ABOVE [3], [107]    
U+06D0 ې Arabic ARABIC LETTER E [0], [108], [138] set 3  
U+06D1 ۑ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW [0], [122] set 11  
U+06D2 ے Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE [0], [112] set 3  
U+06D5 ە Arabic ARABIC LETTER AE [0], [106], [114], [140] set 4  
U+0751 ݑ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE [7], [121], [128], [130], [147]    
U+0752 ݒ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW [7], [113], [130] set 11  
U+0756 ݖ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V [7], [113], [120], [130]    
U+0760 ݠ Arabic ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW [7], [121], [130]    
U+0762 ݢ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE [7], [118], [129]    
U+0763 ݣ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [7], [118] set 15  
U+0766 ݦ Arabic ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT BELOW [7], [116], [121]    
U+0767 ݧ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH TWO DOTS BELOW [7], [113], [120] set 16  
U+0768 ݨ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL TAH [7], [145]    
U+076A ݪ Arabic ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH BAR [7], [113], [116], [120]    
U+076E ݮ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH BELOW [9], [104]    
U+076F ݯ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS [9], [104]    
U+0770 ݰ Arabic ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS [9], [104]    
U+0771 ݱ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS [9], [104]    
U+08A0 ࢠ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V BELOW [12], [117]    
U+08A2 ࢢ Arabic ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE [12], [117]    
U+08A3 ࢣ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE [12], [113], [117]    
U+08A4 ࢤ Arabic ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE [12], [116]    
U+08A5 ࢥ Arabic ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW [12], [116]    
U+08A6 ࢦ Arabic ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOUBLE BAR [12], [116]    
U+08A7 ࢧ Arabic ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [12], [116]    
U+08A8 ࢨ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND HAMZA ABOVE [12], [121]    
U+08A9 ࢩ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE [12], [121] set 16  

Variant Sets

Summary

Number of variant sets 16
Largest variant set 8
Ordinary Variants by Type allocatable (26)
blocked (166)
Reflexive Variants by Type  

The following tables list each pair of variant mappings on one row. For each pair of code points, by convention, the lower code point is taken as the source of the mapping in the forward → direction and the reverse direction ← is not listed separately. The variant mappings defined in an LGR are required to be symmetric, that is, both the forward and reverse mappings must be specified.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive.Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡”.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type(s) column, otherwise the types for forward and reverse mapping are given in that order, as indicated by the arrows. The same applies to any comments.

In a properly specified LGR, all members of each variant set are variants of each other, a property called transitivity. Because of that, all variant sets are necessarily disjoint. In each set, shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Variant Set 1 — 5 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
0622 آ 0623 أ ↔ blocked    
0622 آ 0625 إ ↔ blocked    
0622 آ 0627 ا → allocatable   U+0622 ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 ALEF in the Arabic language
← blocked    
0622 آ 0672 ٲ ↔ blocked    
0623 أ 0625 إ ↔ blocked    
0623 أ 0627 ا → allocatable   U+0623 ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 ALEF in the Arabic language
← blocked    
0623 أ 0672 ٲ ↔ blocked    
0625 إ 0627 ا → allocatable   U+0625 ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW is simplified to U+0627 ALEF in the Arabic language
← blocked    
0625 إ 0672 ٲ ↔ blocked    
0627 ا 0672 ٲ → blocked    
← allocatable   U+0672 ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 ALEF in the Kashmiri language

Variant Set 2 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
0624 ؤ 0648 و → allocatable   U+0624 WAV WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0648 WAV in the Arabic language
← blocked    

Variant Set 3 — 8 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
0626 ئ 0649 ى ↔ blocked    
0626 ئ 064A ي ↔ blocked    
0626 ئ 067B ٻ ↔ blocked    
0626 ئ 06CC ی ↔ blocked    
0626 ئ 06CD ۍ ↔ blocked    
0626 ئ 06D0 ې ↔ blocked    
0626 ئ 06D2 ے ↔ blocked    
0649 ى 064A ي ↔ blocked    
0649 ى 067B ٻ ↔ blocked    
0649 ى 06CC ی ↔ blocked    
0649 ى 06CD ۍ ↔ blocked    
0649 ى 06D0 ې ↔ blocked    
0649 ى 06D2 ے ↔ blocked    
064A ي 067B ٻ ↔ blocked    
064A ي 06CC ی ↔ allocatable   The two are visually identical and the same label could be typed using one or the other based on the set language settings and keyboard layout of a user
064A ي 06CD ۍ ↔ blocked    
064A ي 06D0 ې ↔ blocked    
064A ي 06D2 ے ↔ blocked    
067B ٻ 06CC ی ↔ blocked    
067B ٻ 06CD ۍ ↔ blocked    
067B ٻ 06D0 ې ↔ blocked    
067B ٻ 06D2 ے ↔ blocked    
06CC ی 06CD ۍ ↔ blocked    
06CC ی 06D0 ې ↔ blocked    
06CC ی 06D2 ے ↔ blocked    
06CD ۍ 06D0 ې ↔ blocked    
06CD ۍ 06D2 ے ↔ blocked    
06D0 ې 06D2 ے ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 4 — 8 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
0629 ة 0647 ه → allocatable   In the Arabic language, U+0647 HEH may be substituted for U+0629 TEH MARBUTA. [RFC 6365]
← blocked    
0629 ة 06BE ھ ↔ blocked    
0629 ة 06C0 ۀ ↔ blocked    
0629 ة 06C1 ہ ↔ blocked    
0629 ة 06C2 ۂ ↔ blocked    
0629 ة 06C3 ۃ ↔ allocatable   The two are visually identical and the same label could be typed using one or the other based on the set language settings and keyboard layout of a user. Labels in the Arabic language using U+0629 TEH MARBUTA in the final and isolated positions will be typed in other languages using U+06C3 TEH MARBUTA GOAL (Urdu, etc.) which is identical in isolated and has a variant glyph or identical glyph form in final position
0629 ة 06D5 ە ↔ blocked    
0647 ه 06BE ھ ↔ blocked    
0647 ه 06C0 ۀ ↔ blocked    
0647 ه 06C1 ہ ↔ allocatable   Labels in the Arabic language using U+0647 HEH in the final and isolated positions will be typed in other languages using U+06C1 HEH GOAL (Urdu, Pashto, Saraiki, etc.) which is identical in isolated and has a variant glyph or identical glyph form in final position
0647 ه 06C2 ۂ ↔ blocked    
0647 ه 06C3 ۃ ↔ blocked    
0647 ه 06D5 ە ↔ blocked    
06BE ھ 06C0 ۀ ↔ blocked    
06BE ھ 06C1 ہ ↔ blocked    
06BE ھ 06C2 ۂ ↔ blocked    
06BE ھ 06C3 ۃ ↔ blocked    
06BE ھ 06D5 ە ↔ blocked    
06C0 ۀ 06C1 ہ ↔ blocked    
06C0 ۀ 06C2 ۂ ↔ blocked    
06C0 ۀ 06C3 ۃ ↔ blocked    
06C0 ۀ 06D5 ە → allocatable   U+06C0 HEH WITH YEH ABOVE is simplified to U+0647 HEH in some languages (Kurdish)
← blocked    
06C1 ہ 06C2 ۂ → blocked    
← allocatable   U+06C2 HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+06C1 HEH GOAL in Urdu
06C1 ہ 06C3 ۃ ↔ blocked   This is not allocatable in either direction because, unlike the allocatable relationship between U+0647 HEH and U+0629 TEH MARBUTA due to variation in the Arabic language, Urdu and other languages using U+06C1 HEH GOAL do not exhibit such variation with U+06C3 TEH MARBUTA GOAL
06C1 ہ 06D5 ە ↔ blocked    
06C2 ۂ 06C3 ۃ ↔ blocked    
06C2 ۂ 06D5 ە ↔ blocked    
06C3 ۃ 06D5 ە ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
062A ت 067A ٺ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 6 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
062B ث 067D ٽ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 7 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
0641 ف 0642 ق ↔ blocked    
0641 ف 06A2 ڢ ↔ allocatable   Used interchangeably in Africa for languages using Western (African) orthography
0641 ف 06A7 ڧ ↔ blocked    
0642 ق 06A2 ڢ ↔ blocked    
0642 ق 06A7 ڧ ↔ allocatable   Used interchangeably in Africa for languages using Western (African) orthography
06A2 ڢ 06A7 ڧ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 8 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
0643 ك 06A9 ک ↔ allocatable   The two have identical shapes in initial and medial positions and are used by different language communities to refer to the same letter
0643 ك 06AA ڪ ↔ allocatable   The two have similar (interchangeable) shapes in initial and medial positions and are used by different language communities to refer to the same letter
06A9 ک 06AA ڪ ↔ allocatable   The two have similar (interchangeable) shapes in initial and medial positions and are used by different language communities to refer to the same letter

Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
0646 ن 06BA ں ↔ allocatable   Used interchangeably in Africa for languages using Western (African) orthography

Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
0679 ٹ 06BB ڻ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 11 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
067E پ 06BD ڽ ↔ blocked    
067E پ 06D1 ۑ ↔ blocked    
067E پ 0752 ݒ ↔ blocked    
06BD ڽ 06D1 ۑ ↔ blocked    
06BD ڽ 0752 ݒ ↔ blocked    
06D1 ۑ 0752 ݒ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 12 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
0683 ڃ 0684 ڄ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 13 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
068E ڎ 068F ڏ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 14 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
06A4 ڤ 06A8 ڨ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 15 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
06AB ګ 06AD ڭ ↔ blocked    
06AB ګ 06AF گ ↔ blocked   U+06AB KAF WITH RING interchangeably used in Pashto with U+06AF GAF
06AB ګ 0763 ݣ ↔ blocked    
06AD ڭ 06AF گ ↔ blocked    
06AD ڭ 0763 ݣ ↔ blocked    
06AF گ 0763 ݣ ↔ blocked   Iraqi Arabic uses U+06AF GAF, whereas Moroccan Arabic uses U+0763 KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE

Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type(s) Ref Comment
0767 ݧ 08A9 ࢩ ↔ blocked    

Classes, Rules and Actions

Character Classes

The following table lists all top-level classes with a list of their members (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges References Comment
implicit Tag=sc:Arab 128 Elements: {0620-063A 0641-064A 0672 0679-0681 0683-068F 0691 0693 0695-069A 069F-06A0 06A2 06A4 06A6-06AB ...}    

A "Tag=" in the Definition column indicates a class defined by all code points that share the given tag value, while "Prop=" indicates a class defined by reference to a property. Other types of classes may be defined by explicitly listing their members, or by set combination of existing classes. Tag-based classes not named in the LGR are nevertheless defined implicitly. A hyphen between code point values in the Members or Ranges column indicates a range of code points. Any classes too numerous to list in full are elided with "...".

Whole label evaluation and context rules

The following table lists all the top-level, or named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point. (Any use of context rules for variants is not indicated).

Name Used as
Trigger		 Used as
Context		 Anchor Regex Ref Comment
leading-combining-mark ✔     (^[∅])   default WLE rule matching labels with leading combining marks ⍟
no-mix-teh-marbuta-goal ✔     (((\u0629.*\u06C3)|(\u06C3.*\u0629)))   do not mix Arabic letters TEH MARBUTA and FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW in the same label
no-mix-feh-with-dot-moved-below ✔     (((\u0641.*\u06A2)|(\u06A2.*\u0641)))   do not mix Arabic letters FEH and FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW in the same label
no-mix-feh-qaf-with-dot-above ✔     (((\u0641.*\u06A7)|(\u06A7.*\u0641)))   do not mix Arabic letters FEH and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label
no-mix-qaf-with-dot-above ✔     (((\u0642.*\u06A7)|(\u06A7.*\u0642)))   do not mix Arabic letters QAF and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label
no-mix-kaf-keheh ✔     (((\u0643.*\u06A9)|(\u06A9.*\u0643)))   do not mix Arabic letters KAF and KEHEH in the same label
no-mix-kaf-swash ✔     (((\u0643.*\u06AA)|(\u06AA.*\u0643)))   do not mix Arabic letters KAF and SWASH KAF in the same label
no-mix-heh-doachashmee ✔     (((\u0647.*\u06BE)|(\u06BE.*\u0647)))   do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH DOACHASHMEE in the same label
no-mix-heh-goal ✔     (((\u0647.*\u06C1)|(\u06C1.*\u0647)))   do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH GOAL in the same label
no-mix-heh-ae ✔     (((\u0647.*\u06D5)|(\u06D5.*\u0647)))   do not mix Arabic letters HEH and AE in the same label
no-mix-alef-maksura-farsi-yeh ✔     (((\u0649.*\u06CC)|(\u06CC.*\u0649)))   do not mix Arabic letters ALEF MAKSURA and FARSI YEH in the same label
no-mix-peh-noon-with-three-dots-above ✔     (((\u067E.*\u06BD)|(\u06BD.*\u067E)))   do not mix Arabic letters PEH and NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label
no-mix-kaf-with-ring-gaf ✔     (((\u06AB.*\u06AF)|(\u06AF.*\u06AB)))   do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and GAF in the same label
no-mix-kaf-with-ring-keheh-with-three-dots-above ✔     (((\u06AB.*\u0763)|(\u0763.*\u06AB)))   do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE
no-mix-gaf-keheh-with-three-dots-above ✔     (((\u06AF.*\u0763)|(\u0763.*\u06AF)))   do not mix Arabic letters GAF and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label
no-mix-noon-with-three-dots-above-yeh-with-three-dots-below ✔     (((\u06BD.*\u06D1)|(\u06D1.*\u06BD)))   do not mix Arabic letters NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE and YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW in the same label
no-mix-heh-goal-ae ✔     (((\u06C1.*\u06D5)|(\u06D5.*\u06C1)))   do not mix Arabic letters HEH GOAL and AE in the same label

Any charsets listed as part of a rule in the Regex column are only showing members that are also part of the repertoire in this LGR. Any resulting empty sets are indicated by [∅]; unless the set is optional, the rule will never match. Any sets too numerous to list in full are elided with "...". Default WLE Rules are marked with ⍟.

Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels, based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label matches leading-combining-mark → invalid   labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
2 if at least one variant is in {out-of-repertoire-var} → invalid   any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
3 if label matches no-mix-teh-marbuta-goal → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters TEH MARBUTA and FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW in the same label
4 if label matches no-mix-feh-with-dot-moved-below → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters FEH and FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW in the same label
5 if label matches no-mix-feh-qaf-with-dot-above → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters FEH and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label
6 if label matches no-mix-qaf-with-dot-above → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters QAF and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label
7 if label matches no-mix-kaf-keheh → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters KAF and KEHEH in the same label
8 if label matches no-mix-kaf-swash → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters KAF and SWASH KAF in the same label
9 if label matches no-mix-heh-doachashmee → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH DOACHASHMEE in the same label
10 if label matches no-mix-heh-goal → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH GOAL in the same label
11 if label matches no-mix-heh-ae → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters HEH and AE in the same label
12 if label matches no-mix-alef-maksura-farsi-yeh → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters ALEF MAKSURA and FARSI YEH in the same label
13 if label matches no-mix-peh-noon-with-three-dots-above → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters PEH and NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label
14 if label matches no-mix-kaf-with-ring-gaf → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and GAF in the same label
15 if label matches no-mix-kaf-with-ring-keheh-with-three-dots-above → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE
16 if label matches no-mix-gaf-keheh-with-three-dots-above → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters GAF and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label
17 if label matches no-mix-noon-with-three-dots-above-yeh-with-three-dots-below → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE and YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW in the same label
18 if label matches no-mix-heh-goal-ae → invalid   do not mix Arabic letters HEH GOAL and AE in the same label
19 if at least one variant is in {blocked} → blocked   variant labels containing blocked variants are blocked ⍟
20 if each variant is in {allocatable} → allocatable   variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟
21 if any label (catch-all)   → valid   catch all (default action) ⍟

In the Rule or Variant Set column the notation {...} means a set of variant types, ⍟ marks a default action.

The following variant types are used in one or more actions, but are not defined in this LGR: out-of-repertoire-var. This is not necessarily an error.

Table of References

[0] The Unicode Standard 1.1
[3] The Unicode Standard 3.0
[7] The Unicode Standard 4.1
[9] The Unicode Standard 5.1
[11] The Unicode Standard 6.0
[12] The Unicode Standard 6.1
[100] RFC 5564 Linguistic Guidelines for the Use of the Arabic Language in Internet Domains https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5564
[101] Omniglot Hausa http://omniglot.com/writing/hausa.htm
[102] Omniglot Kashmiri http://omniglot.com/writing/kashmiri.htm
[103] Omniglot Kazakh http://omniglot.com/writing/kazakh.htm
[104] Omniglot Khowar http://omniglot.com/writing/khowar.htm
[105] Omniglot Kirghiz http://omniglot.com/writing/kirghiz.htm
[106] Omniglot Kurdish http://omniglot.com/writing/kurdish.htm
[107] Omniglot Malay http://omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm
[108] Omniglot Pashto http://omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm
[109] Omniglot Persian(Farsi) http://omniglot.com/writing/persian.htm
[110] Omniglot Saraiki http://omniglot.com/writing/saraiki.htm
[111] Omniglot Sindhi http://omniglot.com/writing/sindhi.htm
[112] Omniglot Urdu http://omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm
[113] Omniglot Wolof http://omniglot.com/writing/wolof.htm
[114] Omniglot Uyghur http://omniglot.com/writing/Uyghur.htm
[115] Unicode, Kashmiri, Yeh http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09215-kashmiri.pdf
[116] Unicode, Chad ANT, pp. 19-20 http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf
[117] Unicode, DPLN, p.21 http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf
[118] Unicode, Jawi and Moroccan Arabic GAF, http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03176-gafs.pdf
[119] Unicode, Chadian, p.5 http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf
[120] Wolof, Paul Timothy http://paul-timothy.net/pages/ajamisenegal/primers/je_sais_le_wolofal_harmattan_20-oct-2015_a4.pdf
[121] Hausa, pp. 261-289 Warren-Rothlin, Andy (2014): West African scripts and Arabic-script orthographies in socio-political context. Meikal Mumin, Kees (C.) H. Versteegh (Eds.): The Arabic script in Africa. Studies in the use of a writing system. Leiden, Boston: Brill (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 71)
[122] Mandika, Bamana, pp. 225-260 Vydrin, Valentin Feodos'evich; Dumestre, Gérard (2014): Manding Ajami samples. In Meikal Mumin, Kees (C.) H. Versteegh (Eds.): The Arabic script in Africa. Studies in the use of a writing system. Leiden, Boston: Brill (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 71)
[123] Ethiopian, Wetter, Andreas (2006): Arabic in Ethiopia. In Kees (C.) H. Versteegh (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Volume I. A-Ed, vol. 2. With assistance of Mushira Eid, Alaa Elgibali, Manfred Woidich, Andrzej Zaborksi. Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 51-56.
[124] Western Arabic, Qaf with three dots above, city of Gabes, Tunisia
[125] Urdu, Heh goal with hamza above, Section 3 in http://www.columbia.edu/~mk2580/urdu_section/handouts/izafat.pdf
[126] Urdu, Teh marbuta goal, Code point UZT 76 of Urdu Zabta Takhti 1.01, the official code page standard for Govt. of Pakistan, approved in 2001; see http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2001/uzt1.01.pdf
[127] Kurdish-Sorani, p.7 in http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Sorani/sorani_1_grammar.pdf
[128] Wolof, Beh with dot below and three dots above, WOLOFAL ORTHOGRAPHY by Galen Currah, revised 20 May 2011
[129] Malay, Jawi Keyboard standard by Department of Standards Malaysia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawi_keyboard, accessed on 13 November 2015
[130] Ajami usage, Language planning in West Africa - who writes the script?" by FREDERIKE LÜPKE; http://www.elpublishing.org/docs/1/02/ldd02_08.pdf
[131] Fulfulde, http://www.silcam.org/documents/AlphabetandOrthographyStatementforFulfuldeFUBAjamiyafortheinternet.pdf
[132] Hausa, Newspapers and books published in Hausa using Arabic script, http://aflang.humnet.ucla.edu/Hausa/Pronunciation/writing.html
[133] Kyrgyz, http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kir
[134] Kyrgyz, http://www.ethnologue.com/country/CN/languages
[135] Urdu, http://www.bbc.com/urdu
[136] Wikipedia: "Kyrgyz alphabets", http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets, accessed on 13 November 2015
[137] Malay, Information technology - Jawi coded character set for information interchange MS 2443:2012, Department of Standards, Malaysia. http://www.standardsmalaysia.gov.my
[138] Pashto Academy Peshawar University
[139] Saraiki, https://id-id.facebook.com/jhoke.saraiki
[140] Kurdish, http://www.kurdpress.com/
[141] Internet Architecture Board (IAB), "IAB Statement on Identifiers and Unicode 7.0.0" https://www.iab.org/documents/correspondence-reports-documents/2015-2/iab-statement-on-identifiers-and-unicode-7-0-0/
Combining Hamza not recommended for use by IAB statement and combining marks not included by TF-AIDN; So combined form needs to be included
[142] An introduction to Latin script Uughur: by Waris Abdukerim Janbaz State Library of Victoria
[143] Torwali online and printed dictionaries
[144] Wikipedia: "Jawi keyboard" https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawi_keyboard, accessed on 13 November 2015
[145] Wikipedia: "Saraiki alphapbet" http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_alphabet, accessed on 13 November 2015
[146] ANT (Alphabet National du Tchad) is the national standard for Chad/Tchad; See Figures in L2/10-288R (used for “tr” sound as given in the table in Section 6.1.2): http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf and Appendix B
[147] Wolof, http://www.openbookpublishers.com/htmlreader/978-1-78374-062-8/11.Ngom.xhtml#_idTextAnchor144