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Profile image for Eleeza Agopian

Eleeza Agopian

United States of America

Strategic Initiatives Director

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Brian Aitchison

Brian Aitchison

United States of America

Lead Researcher, GDD Policy Research and Data Services (PRDS)

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Sawsan Aldawodi

Sawsan Aldawodi

United States of America

Language Expert - Head Interpreter

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Steve Allison

Steve Allison

United States of America

Sr. Product Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Nicolas Antoniello

Nicolas Antoniello

Uruguay

Regional Technical Engagement Manager

Staff
Profile image for Andrea Beccalli

Andrea Beccalli

Portugal

Stakeholder Engagement Director - Europe

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Kathryn Carver

Kathryn Carver

United States of America

Senior Vice President for Government and Intergovernmental Organization (IGO) Engagement

Staff
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Joseph Catapano

United States of America

Stakeholder Engagement Manager, North America

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Dennis Chang

Dennis Chang

United States of America

GDD Services Program Director

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for James Cole

James Cole

United States of America

Sr. Global Communications Coordinator

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for David Conrad

David Conrad

United States of America

SVP & Chief Technology Officer

Developing WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Steve Conte

Steve Conte

United States of America

Office of the CTO Programs Director

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Albert Daniels

Albert Daniels

Saint Lucia

Stakeholder Engagement Sr Manager -The Caribbean

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Chantelle Doerksen

Chantelle Doerksen

United States of America

SO/AC Collaboration Services Sr. Coordinator

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Mohamed Elbashir

Mohamed Elbashir

United States of America

Universal Acceptance Program Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Teresa Andrea Elias

Teresa Andrea Elias

United States of America

Director, Governance Operations Support

Developing WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Jeannie Ellers

Jeannie Ellers

United States of America

Senior Manager, Measurement and Planning - Global Stakeholder Engagement

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Evin Ashley Erdoğdu

Evin Ashley Erdoğdu

Turkey

Policy Development Senior Coordinator

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Jared Erwin

Jared Erwin

United States of America

Manager, GDD Global Implementation

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Negar Farzinnia

Negar Farzinnia

United States of America

Director, MSSI Technical Reviews & Review Implementation

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Laurent Ferrali

Laurent Ferrali

Switzerland

Government and IGO Engagement Director

Staff
Profile image for Jeanne Gregg

Jeanne Gregg

United States of America

Director, GDD Service Delivery

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Yvette Guigneaux

Yvette Guigneaux

United States of America

Projects & Operations Assistant, MSSI

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Anna Guseva

Anna Guseva

United States of America

Sr. Project Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Daniel E. Halloran

Daniel E. Halloran

ICANN Chief Data Protection Officer and Deputy General Counsel

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Jamie Hedlund

Jamie Hedlund

SVP, Contractual Compliance & Consumer Safeguards and Managing Director - Washington D.C. Office

Staff
Profile image for Andee Hill

Andee Hill

United States of America

Director, gTLD Accounts

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Robert Hoggarth

Robert Hoggarth

United States of America

Vice President, Policy Development & GAC Relations

DNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Cyrus Jamnejad

Cyrus Jamnejad

United States of America

gTLD Accounts Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Michael Karakash

Michael Karakash

United States of America

Senior Project Coordinator, Policy Research & Data Services

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernment

Staff
Profile image for Vinciane Koenigsfeld

Vinciane Koenigsfeld

Luxembourg

Senior Director, Board Operations

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Ariel Xinyue Liang

Ariel Xinyue Liang

United States of America

GNSO Policy Support Specialist

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Jia Rong Low

Jia Rong Low

Vice President, Stakeholder Engagement & Managing Director - Asia Pacific

Staff
Profile image for Vera Major

Vera Major

Switzerland

Government and IGO Engagement Manager

Staff
Profile image for Mariana Marinho

Mariana Marinho

United States of America

Public Responsibility Support Sr. Program Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Veni Markovski

Veni Markovski

United States of America

Vice-President, UN Engagement - New York

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Christopher Mondini

Christopher Mondini

ICANN Vice President, Stakeholder Engagement, Europe & Managing Director, Brussels

Developing WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for David Olive

David Olive

United States of America

SVP, Policy Development Support

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Carlos Alvarez del Pino

Carlos Alvarez del Pino

United States of America

Director of SSR Engagement

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Elena Plexida

Elena Plexida

Belgium

Government and IGOs Engagement Sr Director

Staff
Profile image for Wendy Profit

Wendy Profit

United States of America

Board Operations Senior Manager

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Ergys Ramaj

Ergys Ramaj

United States of America

VP, Public Responsibility

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Erika Randall

Erika Randall

Associate General Counsel

Staff
Profile image for Joseph Restuccia

Joseph Restuccia

United States of America

Contractual Compliance Risk & Audit Senior Specialist

Staff
Profile image for Christina Rodriguez

Christina Rodriguez

United States of America

Sr. Director, Language Services

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Noah Ross

Noah Ross

United States of America

Senior Front End Architect

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Seher Sagiroglu

Seher Sagiroglu

Turkey

GSE Regional Specialist

Civil SocietyDNS MarketplaceDeveloping WorldGovernmentTechnology

Staff
Profile image for Zuhra Salijanova

Zuhra Salijanova

Sr. Manager, Contractual Compliance

Civil SocietyDeveloping WorldGovernment

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."