This file contains Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Oriya (Odia) script for the Root Zone. For more details on this LGR and additional background on the script, see “Proposal for an Oriya Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)” [Proposal-Oriya]. This file is one of a set of LGR files that together form an integrated LGR for the DNS Root Zone [RZ-LGR-6]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].
While Oriya is the name under which the script is encoded in Unicode, and is therefore used here to formally identify the script, the name Odia has become the preferred name in English for both script and language as it is closer to the pronunciation of their native names.
According to Section 5, “Repertoire” in [Proposal-Oriya], the Oriya LGR contains 62 single code points. This repertoire covers the Oriya (Odia) language as well as all other languages written with the Oriya script and ranging from 1 to 4 on the [EGIDS] scale.
The repertoire is contained in [MSR-6], which is a subset of [Unicode 16.0.0].
As part of the Root Zone, this LGR includes neither decimal digits nor the HYPHEN-MINUS.
Repertoire Listing: Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts with which the code point is used and one or more other character categories. For each repertoire element, one or more references document sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire; see the “References” below. Comments provide alternate names for some code points.
Code points outside the Oriya script repertoire that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-repertoire variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type “out-of-repertoire-var”. They do not form part of the repertoire.
This LGR defines one set of cross-script variants with the Malayalam script, two sets of cross-script variants with the Myanmar script and no in-script variants. For details, see Section 6, “Variants”, in [Proposal-Oriya].
Additional Variants: This LGR inherits additional blocked cross-script variants by integration; they may not be listed here unless they result in in-script variants. For consistency with other RZ-LGRs, cross-script variants to ASCII code points are listed explicitly as well. See the merged, Common LGR [RZ-LGR-6] for details of all applicable cross-script variants, including any not listed here; always use the Common LGR for determining cross-script collisions of labels.
Variant Disposition: All variants are of type “blocked”, making labels that differ only by these variants mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other equivalent labels should be blocked. There is no preference among these labels.
This LGR does not define allocatable variants.
The specification of variants in the Root Zone LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].
The basic characters in Oriya are classified into eight main categories. They are Consonants, Vowels, Matra, Halant, Nukta, Visarga, Candrabindu and Anusvara.
Consonants: The Oriya script is a syllabic alphabet in which all consonants have an inherent vowel. Diacritics, which can appear above, below, before, or after the consonant they belong to, are used to change the inherent vowel. More details in Section 3.5, “Structured consonants” and Section 3.6, “Unstructured consonants” in [Proposal-Oriya].
Vowels and Matras: A dependent vowel sign or “matra” is used to represent a vowel sound that is not inherent to the consonant. It is always depicted in combination with a single consonant, or with a consonant cluster. When vowels occur independently the are written with standalone vowel letters. More details in Section 3.12, “Matra sign (Dependent Vowel)” in [Proposal-Oriya].
Halant: A Halant, also known as Virama, is used after a consonant to “strip” it of its inherent vowel. The Halant form of a consonant is the form produced by adding the Halant, encoded as U+0B4D ( ୍ ) ORIYA SIGN VIRAMA to the nominal shape. A Halant follows all but the last consonant in every Oriya syllable. More details in Section 3.7, “The Implicit Vowel Killer Halant” in [Proposal-Oriya].
Nukta: The nukta sign ( ଼ ) is used in the Oriya language just like in many other scripts used in South Asia. It can be commonly used with U+0B21 ( ଡ ), U+0B22 ( ଢ ). More details in Section 3.8, “Nukta” in [Proposal-Oriya].
Visarga: U+0B03 ORIYA SIGN VISARGA is frequently used in Sanskrit and represents a sound very close to /h/. More details in Section 3.9, “Visarga & Avagraha” in [Proposal-Oriya].
Candrabindu: The Candrabindu denotes nasalization of the preceding vowel and consonants as in ଅଁଳା /ãala/name of seasonal fruit (U+0B05 U+0B01 U+0B33 U+0B3E). Oriya users commonly use it for writing the words and sounds of Sanskrit. More details in Section 3.10, “Nasalization: Candrabindu” in [Proposal-Oriya].
Anusvara: Anusvara replaces a conjunct group of a Nasal Consonant+Halant+Consonant belonging to a particular varga (plosive). The Anusvara represents a homorganic nasal. Before a non-varga consonant (non-plosive) the Anusvara represents a nasal sound. More details in Section 3.11, “Anusvara” in [Proposal-Oriya].
The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-6]. They are marked with ⍟. The default prohibition on leading combining marks is equivalent to ensuring that a label only starts with a consonant or vowel. The actions compute a label disposition based on WLE rules or variant mapping types.
These rules have been formulated so that they can be adopted for LGR specification.
The following symbols are used in the WLE rules:
C → Consonant
M → Matra
V → Vowel
B → Anusvara
H → Halant
N → Nukta
C1 → Consonants used with Nukta
X → Visarga
D → Candrabindu
The rules are:
More details in Section 7, “Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)” in [Proposal-Oriya].
The Root Zone LGR for the Oriya Script was developed by the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP), the members of which have experience in linguistics and computational linguistics in a wide variety of languages written with Neo-Brahmi scripts. Under the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, there are nine scripts belonging to separate Unicode blocks. Each of these scripts has been assigned a separate LGR, with the Neo-Brahmi GP ensuring that the fundamental philosophy behind building each LGR is in sync with all other Brahmi-derived scripts. For further details on methodology and contributors, see Sections 4 and 8 in [Proposal-Oriya], as well as [RZ-LGR-6-Overview].
As result of integration with additional scripts, this LGR has been updated. This update does not change the set of labels available under this LGR. For the prior version see [RZ-LGR-4-Orya]. For consistency across RZ-LGRs, imposed variants to ASCII code points and to the Myanmar script are now explicitly listed.
Note that the listing of variants for U+0B20 is limited to cross-script variants to both ASCII code points and more closely related scripts. Additional cross-script variants for this code point exist and are defined in [RZ-LGR-6].
.The following general references are cited in this document:
For references consulted, particularly in designing the repertoire for the Oriya script for the Root Zone, please see details in the Table of References below. References [0] to [6] refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [101] and above correspond to sources given in [Proposal-Oriya] justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values.
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