Root Zone LGR for script: Devanagari (Deva) rz-lgr-6-devanagari-script-23sep25-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2025-09-23
LGR Version 6 (Root Zone LGR for the Devanagari Script)
Language und-Deva (Devanagari Script)
Scope domain: "." (Root)
Unicode Version 16.0.0

Description

Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Devanagari Script

Overview

This file contains a set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Devanagari script for the Root Zone. For more details on this LGR and additional background on the script, see “Proposal for a Devanagari Script Root Zone Label Generation Rule-Set (LGR)” [Proposal-Devanagari]. This file is one of a set of LGR files that together form an integrated LGR for the DNS Root Zone [RZ-LGR-6]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

Repertoire

The Root Zone LGR for the Devanagari script lists 83 single code points in addition to 27 sequences, for a total of 110 repertoire entries. The two sequences U+0931 U+094D U+092F ऱ्य and U+0931 U+094D U+0939 ऱ्ह limit the character U+0931 ऱ DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA to its own specific context, beyond which it does not stand by itself. Accordingly, while U+0931 ऱ is not listed by itself, it brings the total of distinct code points to 84.

A number of other sequences have been defined in connection with the definition of variants (see “Variants” below).

The repertoire includes code points used by languages written in Devanagari that fall within levels 1 to 4 on the [EGIDS] scale. Boro, Braj, Dhundari, Mundari, Kharia are additionally covered. Though listed as level 4 on the EGIDS scale, Saraiki is not covered, because the Devanagari script is “no longer in use” by the Saraiki community. A non-exhaustive list of languages using each code point can be found in the comments. For more details, see Section 5, “Repertoire” in [Proposal-Devanagari].

The repertoire is contained in [MSR-6], which is a subset of [Unicode 16.0.0].

As part of the Root Zone, this LGR includes neither decimal digits nor the HYPHEN-MINUS.

Repertoire Listing: Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts with which the code point is used and one or more other character categories. For each repertoire element, one or more references document sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire; see the “References” below. For code points that are part of the repertoire, comments identify the languages using the code point along with their [EGIDS] level, as well as alternate names of some code points.

Code points outside the Devanagari script repertoire that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-repertoire variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type “out-of-repertoire-var”. They do not form part of the repertoire.

Variants

According to Section 6, “Variants”, in [Proposal-Devanagari], this LGR defines variants based on being “Confusing due to deviation from normally perceived character formations by the larger linguistic community.” These cases are not of mere visual similarity, as they involve some deviations from the widely accepted norms of Devanagari akshar formations. They can cause confusion even to a careful observer and hence have been defined as variants. They fall into three broad categories:

  • Vowel/Vowel sign followed by Nukta
  • Unique Vowels and Vowel Signs required for Kashmiri
  • Variants based on Candrabindu and Candra Vowel Signs followed by Anusvara

In addition to these, cross-script variant analysis of Devanagari identified cross-script variants with the Gurmukhi and Bengali scripts. The analysis additionally found possible cross-script confusables that do not rise to the status of variants. They are listed in Appendix 1 of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type “blocked”, making labels that differ only by these variants mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other equivalent labels should be blocked. There is no preference among these labels.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

The specification of variants in the Root Zone LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Context Rules for Variants: Some of the variants defined in this LGR are “effective null variants”, that is, some code points in the source map to “nothing” in the target with all other code points unchanged. (Because mappings are symmetric, it does not matter whether it is the forward or reverse mapping that maps to “null”.) Such variants require a context rule to keep the variant set well behaved.

In other cases, the sequences or code points making up source and target are constrained by explicit context rules on the code points (or by implicit context rules defined for the adjacent code points). In such a case, any variants may require context rules that match the intersection between the effective contexts for both source and target; otherwise, a sequence might be considered valid in some variant label when it would not be valid in an equivalent context in an original label. Symmetry requires the same context rule for both forward and reverse mappings.

The Halant is only a variant at the end of a label, when it does not partake in forming a conjunct.

The Candrabindu has an in-script variant limited to a specific context and an unrestricted cross-script variant.

Character Classes

Devanagari is an alphasyllabary, and the heart of the writing system is the akshar. This is the unit which is instinctively recognized by users of the script. The writing system of Devanagari could be summed up as composed of Consonants, Halant, Vowels, Anusvara, Candrabindu, Nukta and Visarga.

Consonants: Devanagari consonants all contain an implicit schwa /ə/. To make a full syllable, consonants may be followed by certain code points from one or more of the other groups (see “WLE rules” below). See Section 3.3.1, “The Consonants” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Halant (aka Virama): Because all consonants contain an implicit vowel schwa /ə/, a special sign is needed to denote that this implicit vowel is stripped off. This sign is the Halant, encoded as U+094D  ्  DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA. The Halant thus joins two consonants and creates conjuncts, which can be generally from 2 to 4 consonant combinations. In rare cases, it can join up to 5 consonants. However, this LGR will not enforce any length limit. The nominal rendering of the Halant is visible only at the end of the label.

See Section 3.3.2, “The Implicit Vowel Killer: Halant” in [Proposal-Devanagari].

Vowels and Matras: There are separate code points for vowels that are pronounced independently at the beginning of a syllable or after a vowel sound. To indicate a Vowel sound following a consonant other than the implicit schwa sound, a vowel sign (matra) is attached to the consonant. There is an equivalent matra for each vowel excepting U+0905 अ DEVANAGARI VOWEL A. See Section 3.3.3, “Vowels” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Anusvara: The Anusvara shows a nasal at the end of a syllable. See Section 3.3.4, “The Anusvara” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Candrabindu: A Candrabindu denotes nasalization of the preceding vowel. Present-day Hindi users tend to replace the Candrabindu by the Anusvara. See Section 3.3.5, “Nasalization: Candrabindu” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Nukta: The nukta sign is placed below a certain number of consonants to represent sounds found only in words borrowed from Perso-Arabic, English, and other non-Aryan sources. It is also placed under the consonants U+0921 ड and U+0922 ढ to indicate flapped sounds. Apart from this, the Santali language uses Nukta adjoined to certain vowels and vowel signs. See Section 3.3.6, “Nukta” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Visarga: U+0903  ः  DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA, representing an aspiration at the end of a syllable, is frequently used in Sanskrit. See Section 3.3.7, “Visarga and Avagraha” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Default Whole Label Evaluation Rules and Actions

The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-6]. They are marked with ⍟. The default prohibition on leading combining marks is equivalent to ensuring that a label only starts with a consonant or vowel. The actions compute a label disposition based on WLE rules or variant mapping types.

Devanagari-specific Rules

These rules ensure that the Devanagari label conforms to akshar formation norms for the Devanagari script. These norms are exclusively presented as context rules.

The following symbols are used in the names and comments for WLE rules:

  • C → Consonant
  • M → Matra
  • V → Vowel
  • B → Anusvara (Bindu)
  • D → Candrabindu
  • X → Visarga
  • H → Halant / Virama
  • N → Nukta
  • S → Eyelash Reph (C2HC3) where:
    • C2 is U+0931 ऱ DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA
    • H is U+094D  ्  DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA
    • C3 comprises
      • U+092F य DEVANAGARI LETTER YA
      • U+0939 ह DEVANAGARI LETTER HA

The rules are:

  • 1. N: must be preceded only by any of C1, V1 or M1
  • 2. H: must be preceded by C or CN
  • 3. M: must be preceded by C or CN
  • 4. X: must be preceded by any of V, C, N or M
  • 5. B: must be preceded by any of V, C, N or M
  • 6. D: must be preceded by any of V, C, N or M
  • 7. V: Can NOT be preceded by H

The following context rules are used for variants where a Nukta maps to a “null”, or that are overlapped:

  • Variant is not defined if followed by a Nukta
  • Variant is not defined unless it is followed by V or C (including RRA) or end of label

See Section 7, “Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)” of [Proposal-Devanagari].

The following context rule is used for variants of Halant:

  • Variant is not defined unless it is followed by end of label

The following context rule is used for variants of Candrabindu:

  • Variant is not defined unless it follows C or CN
  • Variant is defined only if it follows C or CN

The last two context rules are complementary. This allows the in-script variant to be limited by context, but the cross script variant to be valid whether or not that context is defined. Because U+0901  ँ  has the lowest code point value, it is the index variant.

Methodology and Contributors

The Root Zone LGR for the Devanagari Script was developed by the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP), the members of which have experience in linguistics and computational linguistics in a wide variety of languages written with Neo-Brahmi scripts. Under the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, there are nine scripts belonging to separate Unicode blocks. Each of these scripts has been assigned a separate LGR, with the Neo-Brahmi GP ensuring that the fundamental philosophy behind building each LGR is in sync with all other Brahmi-derived scripts. For further details on methodology and contributors, see Sections 4 and 8 in [Proposal-Devanagari], as well as [RZ-LGR-6-Overview].

Changes from RZ LGR-3

A clerical error has been corrected in RZ LGR-4: for code points in the V1 and M1 subsets, the character class names “Vowel” and “Matra” were incorrectly not capitalized. This had the effect of disallowing some labels containing an Anusvara, Candrabindu or Visarga together with the affected code points. From RZ LGR-4, these labels are now reported as valid in accordance with [Proposal-Devanagari]. For the prior version see [RZ-LGR-3-Deva].

Changes from RZ LGR-5

In RZ LGR-6 two missing cross-script variants were added for Candrabindu and Halant and their Bengali counterparts. These code points were mistakenly believed to not participate in the formation of possible variant labels. Context rules are used to ensure that variants do not apply in situations where they should not. For the prior version see [RZ-LGR-5-Deva].

References

The following general references are cited in this document:

[EGIDS]
Lewis and Simons, “EGIDS: Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale,” documented in [SIL-Ethnologue] and summarized here:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_Graded_Intergenerational_Disruption_Scale_(EGIDS)
[MSR-6]
Integration Panel, “Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-6 Overview and Rationale”, 23 September 2025,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-6-overview-23sep25-en.pdf
[Proposal-Devanagari]
Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, “Proposal for a Devanagari Script Root Zone Label Generation Rule-Set (LGR)”, 22 April 2019,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-devanagari-lgr-22apr19-en.pdf
[RFC 7940]
Davies, K. and A. Freytag, “Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML”, RFC 7940, August 2016,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
A. Freytag, “Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels”, RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[RZ-LGR-6-Overview]
Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ LGR-6): Overview and Summary”, 23 September 2025,
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-6-overview-23sep25-en.pdf
[RZ-LGR-3-Deva]
ICANN, Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Devanagari Script (und-Deva), Version 3, 10 July 2019 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-3-devanagari-script-10jul19-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation:
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-3-devanagari-script-10jul19-en.html
[RZ-LGR-5-Deva]
ICANN, Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Devanagari Script (und-Deva), Version 5, 26 May 2022 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-devanagari-script-26may22-en.cml
non-normative HTML presentation:
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-devanagari-script-26may22-en.html
[RZ-LGR-6]
Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ-LGR-6)”, 23 September 2025 (XML),
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-6-common-23sep25-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation:
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-6-common-23sep25-en.html
[SIL-Ethnologue]
David M. Eberhard, Gary F. Simons & Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2021. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty fourth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version available as
https://www.ethnologue.com
[Unicode 16.0.0]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 16.0.0, (South San Francisco: The Unicode Consortium, 2024. ISBN 978-1-936213-34-4)
https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/

For references consulted, particularly in designing the repertoire for the Devanagari script for the Root Zone, please see details in the Table of References below. References [0] to [11] refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [100] and above correspond to sources given in [Proposal-Devanagari] justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values.

Repertoire

Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire 110
Out-of-repertoire variants 30
Total entries in table 140
Number of code points
for each script
Bengali 4
Devanagari 83
Gurmukhi 26
Number of code points 113
Number of sequences 27
Longest code point sequence 4
Code points defined via sequence 1

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

Some code points that may be part of a valid label under this LGR only occur as part of one or more sequences. Such code points are not listed individually in the table.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code
Point		 Glyph Script Name Ref Tags Required Context Part of
Repertoire		 Variants Comment
U+0901  ँ Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU [0], [101], [102], [103], [105], [108], [110], [111], [112], [113] Candrabindu follows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M ✔ set 1, set 2 Bodo (5), Hindi (1), Kashmiri (4), Konkani (2), Maithili (2), Marathi (2), Nepali (1), Santali (4), Sanskrit (4)
U+0902  ं Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Anusvara follows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M ✔ set 3 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0903  ः Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Visarga follows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0905 अ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER A [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0905 U+0901 अँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER A + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [Vowel] + [Candrabindu] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 4  
U+0905 U+0902 अं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER A + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA [0], [105], [108] [Vowel] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 5  
U+0906 आ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER AA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] V1, Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 6 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0906 U+0901 आँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [V1, Vowel] + [Candrabindu] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 7  
U+0906 U+0902 आं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA [0], [105], [108] [V1, Vowel] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 8  
U+0906 U+093C आ़ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA   [V1, Vowel] + [Nukta] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 6  
U+0906 U+093C U+0901 आ़ँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [V1, Vowel] + [Nukta] + [Candrabindu] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 7  
U+0906 U+093C U+0902 आ़ं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA [0], [105], [108] [V1, Vowel] + [Nukta] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 8  
U+0907 इ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER I [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 9 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0908 ई Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER II [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0909 उ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER U [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 10 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+090A ऊ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER UU [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+090B ऋ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R [0], [101], [102], [103] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Hindi (1), Marathi (2), Sanskrit (4)
U+090D ऍ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E [0], [101] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Hindi (1)
U+090D U+0902 ऍं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [Vowel] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 11  
U+090E ऎ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E [0], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 12 Kashmiri (4)
U+090F ए Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER E [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+090F U+0901 एँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER E + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [Vowel] + [Candrabindu] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 11  
U+0910 ऐ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER AI [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 12 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0911 ऑ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O [0], [100], [101], [102], [108], [112] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Hindi (1), Kashmiri (4), Konkani (2), Marathi (2), Kashmiri (4)
U+0911 U+0902 ऑं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [Vowel] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 7  
U+0912 ऒ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O [0], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Kashmiri (4)
U+0913 ओ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER O [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] V1, Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 13 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0913 U+093C ओ़ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER O + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA   [V1, Vowel] + [Nukta] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 13  
U+0914 औ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER AU [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 14 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0915 क Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER KA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0916 ख Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0917 ग Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER GA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant   ✔ set 15 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0918 घ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Consonant   ✔ set 16 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0919 ङ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091A च Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER CA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091B छ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER CHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091C ज Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER JA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091D झ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091E ञ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091F ट Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔ set 17 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0920 ठ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔ set 18 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0921 ड Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0922 ढ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] C1, Consonant   ✔ set 19 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0923 ण Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0924 त Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER TA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0924 U+094D U+0924 त्त {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER TA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TA   [Consonant] + [Halant] + [Consonant]   ✔ set 20 Sequence has cross-script variant
U+0925 थ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER THA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0926 द Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0927 ध Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0928 न Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER NA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092A प Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER PA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔ set 21 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+093F प्टि {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I   [Consonant] + [Halant] + [Consonant] + [Matra]   ✔ set 22 Sequence has cross-script variant
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0940 प्टी {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II   [Consonant] + [Halant] + [Consonant] + [Matra]   ✔ set 23 Sequence has cross-script variant
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0946 प्टॆ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E   [Consonant] + [Halant] + [Consonant] + [Matra]   ✔ set 24 Sequence has cross-script variant
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0947 प्टे {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E   [Consonant] + [Halant] + [Consonant] + [Matra]   ✔ set 24 Sequence has cross-script variant
U+092B फ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092C ब Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER BA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092D भ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔ set 25 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092E म Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER MA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔ set 26 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092F य Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER YA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0930 र Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER RA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0931 U+094D U+092F ऱ्य {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER YA [0], [102], [106], [107], [112], [113] U+0931 + [Halant] + [Consonant]   ✔   Section 7, Case of Eyelash Reph: To enable Eyelash Reph formation with Rra+Halanta+Ya and prevent stand-alone RRA from occurring; Konkani (2), Marathi (2), Nepali (1)
U+0931 U+094D U+0939 ऱ्ह {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER HA [0], [102], [106], [107], [112], [113] U+0931 + [Halant] + [Consonant]   ✔   Section 7, Case of Eyelash Reph: To enable Eyelash Reph formation with Rra+Halanta+Ha and prevent stand-alone RRA from occurring; Konkani (2), Marathi (2), Nepali (1)
U+0932 ल Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER LA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0933 ळ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER LLA [0], [102], [103], [110], [112], [113] Consonant   ✔   Bodo (5), Konkani (2), Marathi (2), Nepali (1), Sanskrit (4)
U+0935 व Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER VA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔ set 27 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0936 श Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0937 ष Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0938 स Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER SA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0939 ह Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER HA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   ✔ set 28 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+093A  ऺ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE [11], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 3 Kashmiri (4)
U+093B  ऻ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE [11], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 29 Kashmiri (4)
U+093C  ़ Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA [0], [101], [105], [108], [109], [110], [111] Nukta follows-either-C1-V1-or-M1 ✔ set 30 Bodo (5), Hindi (1), Kashmiri (4), Maithili (2), Santali (4), Sindhi (2)
U+093E  ा Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] M1, Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 31 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+093E U+0901  ाँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [M1, Matra] + [Candrabindu] follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 32  
U+093E U+0902  ां {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [M1, Matra] + [Anusvara] follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 29  
U+093E U+093C  ा़ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA   [M1, Matra] + [Nukta] follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 31  
U+093E U+093C U+0901  ा़ँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [M1, Matra] + [Nukta] + [Candrabindu] follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 32  
U+093E U+093C U+0902  ा़ं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [M1, Matra] + [Nukta] + [Anusvara] follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 29  
U+093F  ि Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 33 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0940  ी Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 34 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0941  ु Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0942  ू Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔   Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0943  ृ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R [0], [101], [102], [103] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔   Hindi (1), Marathi (2), Sanskrit (4)
U+0945  ॅ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E [0], [100], [101], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 35 = candra; Hindi (1), Kashmiri (4), Konkani (2), Marathi (2), Sanskrit (4)
U+0945 U+0902  ॅं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [Matra] + [Anusvara] follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 1  
U+0946  ॆ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E [0], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 36 Kashmiri (4)
U+0947  े Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E [0], [101], [102], [103], [105], [108], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 36 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0948  ै Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 37 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0949  ॉ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O [0], [100], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔   Hindi (1), Kashmiri (4), Konkani (2), Marathi (2)
U+0949 U+0902  ॉं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [Matra] + [Anusvara] follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 32  
U+094A  ॊ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O [0], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔   Kashmiri (4)
U+094B  ो Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O [0], [101], [102], [103], [105], [108], [113] M1, Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 38 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+094B U+093C  ो़ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA   [M1, Matra] + [Nukta] follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 38  
U+094C  ौ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU [0], [101], [102], [103], [105], [108], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 39 Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+094D  ् Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA [0], [101], [102], [103], [105], [108], [113] Halant follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 40 = halant; suppresses inherent vowel: Most of the languages given in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+094F  ॏ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW [11], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 39 Kashmiri (4)
U+0956  ॖ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE [11], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 41 Kashmiri (4)
U+0957  ॗ Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE [11], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN ✔ set 42 Kashmiri (4)
U+0972 ॲ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A [9], [100], [102], [108], [112] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Kashmiri (4), Konkani (2), Marathi (2)
U+0972 U+0902 ॲं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [Vowel] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 4  
U+0973 ॳ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER OE [11], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 5 Kashmiri (4)
U+0974 ॴ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE [11], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 8 Kashmiri (4)
U+0975 ॵ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER AW [11], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔ set 14 Kashmiri (4)
U+0976 ॶ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER UE [11], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Kashmiri (4)
U+0977 ॷ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER UUE [11], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H ✔   Kashmiri (4)
U+097B ॻ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER GGA [8], [104] Consonant   ✔   Sindhi (2)
U+097C ॼ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER JJA [8], [104] Consonant   ✔   Sindhi (2)
U+097E ॾ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDA [8], [104] Consonant   ✔   Sindhi (2)
U+097F ॿ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER BBA [8], [104] Consonant   ✔   Sindi
U+0981  ঁ Bengali BENGALI SIGN CANDRABINDU [0]     ✗ set 1, set 2 Not part of repertoire
U+09AE ম Bengali BENGALI LETTER MA [0]     ✗ set 26 Not part of repertoire
U+09BF  ি Bengali BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I [0]     ✗ set 33 Not part of repertoire
U+09CD  ্ Bengali BENGALI SIGN VIRAMA [0]     ✗ set 40 Not part of repertoire
U+0A02  ਂ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI [0]     ✗ set 3 Not part of repertoire
U+0A07 ਇ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER I [0]     ✗ set 22 Not part of repertoire
U+0A08 ਈ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER II [0]     ✗ set 23 Not part of repertoire
U+0A0F ਏ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER EE [0]     ✗ set 24 Not part of repertoire
U+0A15 ਕ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER KA [0]     ✗ set 27 Not part of repertoire
U+0A17 ਗ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER GA [0]     ✗ set 15 Not part of repertoire
U+0A19 ਙ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER NGA [0]     ✗ set 9 Not part of repertoire
U+0A1C ਜ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER JA [0]     ✗ set 20 Not part of repertoire
U+0A1F ਟ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER TTA [0]     ✗ set 17 Not part of repertoire
U+0A20 ਠ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA [0]     ✗ set 18 Not part of repertoire
U+0A24 ਤ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER TA [0]     ✗ set 10 Not part of repertoire
U+0A27 ਧ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER DHA [0]     ✗ set 21 Not part of repertoire
U+0A2B ਫ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER PHA [0]     ✗ set 19 Not part of repertoire
U+0A2C ਬ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER BA [0]     ✗ set 16 Not part of repertoire
U+0A2E ਮ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER MA [0]     ✗ set 25 Not part of repertoire
U+0A35 ਵ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER VA [0]     ✗ set 28 Not part of repertoire
U+0A38 ਸ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER SA [0]     ✗ set 26 Not part of repertoire
U+0A3C  ਼ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA [0]     ✗ set 30 Not part of repertoire
U+0A3F  ਿ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I [0]     ✗ set 33 Not part of repertoire
U+0A40  ੀ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II [0]     ✗ set 34 Not part of repertoire
U+0A41  ੁ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U [0]     ✗ set 41 Not part of repertoire
U+0A42  ੂ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU [0]     ✗ set 42 Not part of repertoire
U+0A47  ੇ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE [0]     ✗ set 36 Not part of repertoire
U+0A48  ੈ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI [0]     ✗ set 37 Not part of repertoire
U+0A4B  ੋ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO [0]     ✗ set 36 Not part of repertoire
U+0A71  ੱ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI ADDAK [0]     ✗ set 35 Not part of repertoire

Legend

Throughout this document, a code point sequence may be annotated with a string in ALL CAPS that is constructed on the same principle as a name for a Unicode Named Sequence. No claim is made that a sequence thus annotated is in fact a named sequence, nor that the annotation in such case actually corresponds to the formal name of a named sequence.

Code Point
A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph
The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common. Sequences are annotated with a set of all distinct script values.
Name
Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database. Named sequences are listed with their normative names, for ad-hoc sequences the individual names are shown separated by “+”.
Ref
Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view. For sequences, the tags for all member code points are shown in [] for information; sequences as such do not have tags.
Required Context
Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment
The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.
✔ - core repertoire
A check mark in the Part-of-repertoire column indicates a code point is part of the core repertoire.
✗ - out-of-repertoire
A code point shown with ✗ is not part of the repertoire. It is listed only because it is the target of an out-of-repertoire-var variant mapping.

Variants

Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets 42
Largest variant set 4
Ordinary Variants by Type
blocked 130
Reflexive Variants by Type
out-of-repertoire-var 30

Variant Sets

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and variant sets for each context are disjoint, but code points that have variant mappings with multiple contexts are members of more than one set.

Common Legend

Source
By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
→ - forward
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
← - reverse
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
↔ - both
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
≡ - reflexive
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
Type
The type of the variant mapping, including predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”; or any that are defined specifically for this LGR. A reflexive variant type “out-of-repertoire-var” designates the target as not part of the repertoire; it is required as target for one or more variant mappings that cross repertoire boundaries. In this LGR, types for variant mappings between out-of-repertoire code points are shown in italic while types for pure in-repertoire variant mappings are shown in bold.
Required Context
Link to the rule defining a required context the source must satisfy for the variant mapping to be defined. If prefixed by “not:”, identifies a context that must not occur.
Ref
One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 [follows-C-or-CN] — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
0901  ँ 0945 0902  ॅं ↔ blocked follows-C-or-CN   Devanagari variant
0901  ँ 0981  ঁ ↔ blocked follows-C-or-CN   Cross-script homoglyph
0945 0902  ॅं 0981  ঁ ↔ blocked follows-C-or-CN   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 2 [not: follows-C-or-CN] — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
0901  ँ 0981  ঁ ↔ blocked not: follows-C-or-CN   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 3 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0902  ं 093A  ऺ ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant
0902  ं 0A02  ਂ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
093A  ऺ 0A02  ਂ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A02  ਂ 0A02  ਂ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0905 0901 अँ 0972 0902 ॲं ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0905 0902 अं 0973 ॳ ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 6 [not: followed-by-N] — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
0906 आ 0906 093C आ़ ↔ blocked not: followed-by-N   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 7 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0906 0901 आँ 0906 093C 0901 आ़ँ ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant
0906 0901 आँ 0911 0902 ऑं ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant
0906 093C 0901 आ़ँ 0911 0902 ऑं ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 8 [followed-by-V-C-or-end] — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
0906 0902 आं 0906 093C 0902 आ़ं ↔ blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant
0906 0902 आं 0974 ॴ ↔ blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant
0906 093C 0902 आ़ं 0974 ॴ ↔ blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0907 इ 0A19 ਙ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A19 ਙ 0A19 ਙ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0909 उ 0A24 ਤ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A24 ਤ 0A24 ਤ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 11 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
090D 0902 ऍं 090F 0901 एँ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 12 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
090E ऎ 0910 ऐ ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 13 [not: followed-by-N] — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
0913 ओ 0913 093C ओ़ ↔ blocked not: followed-by-N   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 14 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0914 औ 0975 ॵ ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 15 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0917 ग 0A17 ਗ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A17 ਗ 0A17 ਗ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0918 घ 0A2C ਬ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A2C ਬ 0A2C ਬ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 17 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
091F ट 0A1F ਟ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A1F ਟ 0A1F ਟ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 18 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0920 ठ 0A20 ਠ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A20 ਠ 0A20 ਠ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 19 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0922 ढ 0A2B ਫ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A2B ਫ 0A2B ਫ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 20 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0924 094D 0924 त्त 0A1C ਜ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A1C ਜ 0A1C ਜ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 21 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A प 0A27 ਧ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A27 ਧ 0A27 ਧ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 22 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 094D 091F 093F प्टि 0A07 ਇ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A07 ਇ 0A07 ਇ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 23 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 094D 091F 0940 प्टी 0A08 ਈ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A08 ਈ 0A08 ਈ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 24 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 094D 091F 0946 प्टॆ 092A 094D 091F 0947 प्टे ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant
092A 094D 091F 0946 प्टॆ 0A0F ਏ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
092A 094D 091F 0947 प्टे 0A0F ਏ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A0F ਏ 0A0F ਏ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 25 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092D भ 0A2E ਮ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A2E ਮ 0A2E ਮ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 26 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092E म 09AE ম ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
092E म 0A38 ਸ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
09AE ম 09AE ম ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
09AE ম 0A38 ਸ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A38 ਸ 0A38 ਸ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 27 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0935 व 0A15 ਕ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A15 ਕ 0A15 ਕ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 28 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0939 ह 0A35 ਵ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A35 ਵ 0A35 ਵ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 29 [followed-by-V-C-or-end] — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
093B  ऻ 093E 0902  ां ↔ blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant
093B  ऻ 093E 093C 0902  ा़ं ↔ blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant
093E 0902  ां 093E 093C 0902  ा़ं ↔ blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 30 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
093C  ़ 0A3C  ਼ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A3C  ਼ 0A3C  ਼ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 31 [not: followed-by-N] — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
093E  ा 093E 093C  ा़ ↔ blocked not: followed-by-N   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 32 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
093E 0901  ाँ 093E 093C 0901  ा़ँ ↔ blocked    
093E 0901  ाँ 0949 0902  ॉं ↔ blocked    
093E 093C 0901  ा़ँ 0949 0902  ॉं ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 33 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
093F  ि 09BF  ি ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
093F  ि 0A3F  ਿ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
09BF  ি 09BF  ি ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
09BF  ি 0A3F  ਿ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A3F  ਿ 0A3F  ਿ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 34 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0940  ी 0A40  ੀ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A40  ੀ 0A40  ੀ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 35 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0945  ॅ 0A71  ੱ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A71  ੱ 0A71  ੱ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 36 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0946  ॆ 0947  े ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant
0946  ॆ 0A47  ੇ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0946  ॆ 0A4B  ੋ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0947  े 0A47  ੇ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0947  े 0A4B  ੋ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A47  ੇ 0A47  ੇ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0A47  ੇ 0A4B  ੋ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A4B  ੋ 0A4B  ੋ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 37 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0948  ै 0A48  ੈ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A48  ੈ 0A48  ੈ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 38 [not: followed-by-N] — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
094B  ो 094B 093C  ो़ ↔ blocked not: followed-by-N   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 39 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
094C  ौ 094F  ॏ ↔ blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 40 [at-end-of-label] — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
094D  ् 09CD  ্ ↔ blocked at-end-of-label   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 41 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0956  ॖ 0A41  ੁ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A41  ੁ 0A41  ੁ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 42 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0957  ॗ 0A42  ੂ ↔ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A42  ੂ 0A42  ੂ ≡ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Classes, Rules and Actions

Character Classes

Number of named classes 8
Implicit (except script) 3
Implicit defined by script tag 3

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges Ref Comment
C Tag=Consonant 38 {0915-0928 092A-0930 0932-0933 0935-0939 097B-097C 097E-097F}   Any Devanagari consonant
C1 Tag=C1 9 {0915-0917 091A-091C 0921-0922 092B}   Consonants followed by Devanagari Nukta
V Tag=Vowel 21 {0905-090B 090D-0914 0972-0977}   Any Devanagari independent vowel
V1 Tag=V1 2 {0906 0913}   Vowels followed by Devanagari Nukta (Required for Santali language)
M Tag=Matra 19 {093A-093B 093E-0943 0945-094C 094F 0956-0957}   Any Devanagari vowel sign (matra)
M1 Tag=M1 2 {093E 094B}   Matras followed by Devanagari Nukta (Required for Santali language)
H Tag=Halant 1 {094D}   The Devanagari Halant (VIRAMA)
N Tag=Nukta 1 {093C}   The Devanagari Nukta
implicit Tag=Anusvara 1 {0902}   The character tagged as Anusvara
implicit Tag=Candrabindu 1 {0901}   The character tagged as Candrabindu
implicit Tag=Visarga 1 {0903}   The character tagged as Visarga
implicit Tag=sc:Beng 4 {0981 09AE 09BF 09CD}   Any character tagged as Bengali
implicit Tag=sc:Deva 83 {0901-0903 0905-090B 090D-0928 092A-0930 0932-0933 0935-093C 093E-0943 0945-094D 094F 0956-0957 0972-0977 097B-097C 097E-097F}   Any character tagged as Devanagari
implicit Tag=sc:Guru 26 {0A02 0A07-0A08 0A0F 0A15 0A17 0A19 0A1C 0A1F-0A20 0A24 0A27 0A2B-0A2C 0A2E 0A35 0A38 0A3C 0A3F-0A42 0A47-0A48 0A4B 0A71}   Any character tagged as Gurmukhi

Legend

Members or Ranges
Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt
A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit
An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value and for which there is no named equivalent.

Whole Label Evaluation and Context Rules

Number of rules 8
Used to trigger actions 1
Used as context rule (C) 4
Used as context rule (V) 4
Anchored context rules 7

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name Regular Expression Used as
Trigger		 Anchor Used as
Context		 Ref Comment
leading-combining-mark (start)[[\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [\p{gc=Mc}]] ✔       Default WLE rule matching labels with leading combining marks ⍟
follows-either-C1-V1-or-M1 ([:C1:]|[:M1:]|[:V1:])← ⚓︎   ✔ C   Section 7, WLE 1: Rule for Nukta which restricts its preceding characters
follows-C-or-CN ([:C:]|([:C:][:N:]))← ⚓︎   ✔ C, V   Section 7, WLE 2, 3: Halant or matra characters can only be preceded by consonant or a Nukta which is preceded by a consonant
follows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M ([:V:]|[:C:]|[:N:]|[:M:])← ⚓︎   ✔ C   Section 7, WLE 4, 5, 6: Anusvara, Candrabindu or Visarga characters can only be preceded by either vowel or consonant or Nukta or matra
preceded-by-H ([:H:])← ⚓︎   ✔ C   Section 7, WLE 7: A vowel is not allowed to follow an H
followed-by-N ⚓︎ →([:N:])   ✔ V   Section 6.4.1, Variant Context Rule for Nukta: Variant not to be generated when followed by Nukta.
followed-by-V-C-or-end ⚓︎ →([:V:]|[:C:]|\u0931|(end))   ✔ V   Section 6.1.2, Variant to be generated when followed by V or C (including RRA) or end of label
at-end-of-label ⚓︎ →((end))   ✔ V   Matches code point or sequence at the end of the label ⍟

Legend

Used as Trigger
This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓︎ - context anchor
Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(...)← - look-behind
If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
→(..) - look-ahead
If present encloses required context following the anchor.
( ) - group
An anonymous nested rule is used to group match operators.
(... | ...) - choice
When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
start or end
(start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators (∪ = union, ∩ = intersection, ∖ = difference, ∆ = symmetric difference).
⍟ - default rule
Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label matches leading-combining-mark → invalid   labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
2 if at least one variant is in {out-of-repertoire-var} → invalid   any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
3 if at least one variant is in {blocked} → blocked   any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
4 if each variant is in {allocatable} → allocatable   variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟
5 if any label (catch-all)   → valid   catch all (default action) ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set
In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Note: The following variant types are used in one or more actions, but are not defined in this LGR: allocatable. This is not necessarily an error.

Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the References section in the Description.

[0] The Unicode Standard, Version 1.1
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1
[8] The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode Version 5.0
[9] The Unicode Standard, Version 5.1
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode Version 5.1
[11] The Unicode Standard, Version 6.0
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode Version 6.0
[100] Devanāgarī VIP Team, “Variant Issues Report”, ICANN 3 Oct. 2011,
https://archive.icann.org/en/topics/new-gtlds/devanagari-vip-issues-report-03oct11-en.pdf
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[101] Omniglot, “Hindi”,
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hindi.htm
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[102] Omniglot, “Marathi”,
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/marathi.htm
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[103] Omniglot, “Sanskrit”,
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sanskrit.htm
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[104] Omniglot, “Sindhi”,
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sindhi.htm
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[105] Omniglot, “Kashmiri”,
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kashmiri.htm
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[106] Unicode 10.0.0, “South and Central Asia-I - Official Scripts of India”, Page 456 (R5 and R5a),
https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ch12.pdf
(Accessed on 13 Nov. 2017)
[107] Unicode Indic Group, “Comments on PRI 65: Devanagari Eyelash Ra”, L2/05-147,
https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05147-muller-pri65.pdf
(Accessed on 13 Jun. 2019)
[108] M.K. Raina, “How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari?”,
https://www.koshur.org/pdf/Let%20Us%20Learn%20Kashmiri.pdf
(Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017)
[109] Central Hindi Directorate-Ministry of HRD-Govt. of India, “Devanāgarī Alphabet and its Romanization”,
https://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/english/hindi_orgin/devnagarithesysmbols.html
archived 6 June 2018 at the Wayback Machine
https://web.archive.org
[110] Omniglot, “Bodo”,
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/bodo.htm
(Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017)
[111] Omniglot, “Maithili”,
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/maithili.htm
(Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017)
[112] Omniglot, “Konkani”,
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/konkani.htm
(Accessed on 20 May 2018)
[113] Omniglot, “Nepali”,
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/nepali.htm
(Accessed on 20 May 2018)