Overview

This file contains a set of Label Generation Rules for the Korean script for the Root Zone. The term “Korean script” is usually synonymous with “Hangul”. However, in the context of the Korean LGR, “Korean script” refers to the union of Hangul Syllables and Han characters used in writing Korean (Hanja).

For more details on this LGR and additional background on the script, see “Proposal for a Korean Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)” [Proposal-Korean], including the appendices [Proposal-Korean-Appendices]. This file is one of a set of LGR files that together form an integrated LGR for the DNS Root Zone [RZ-LGR-5]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

Repertoire

The repertoire includes 11,172 Hangul syllables and 4,758 Hanja characters for a total of 15,930 code points (11,172 + 4,758). For more details, see Section 5, “Repertoire” in [Proposal-Korean].

The repertoire is based on [MSR-5], which is a subset of [Unicode 11.0].

Code points outside the Korean script repertoire that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-repertoire variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type “out-of-repertoire-var”. They do not form part of the repertoire.

As part of the Root Zone, this LGR includes neither decimal digits nor the HYPHEN-MINUS.

Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts with which the code points are used, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire; see “References” below.

For more details, see Section 5 “Repertoire” in [Proposal-Korean].

Variants

There are no variants defined between Hangul syllables. However, the LGR defines 37 variant sets among Hanja, and 7 variant sets containing at least one Hangul syllable. All additional variants between in-repertoire Hanja required by integration with the Chinese LGR [CLGR] are also listed but not further identified in comments.

Altogether, this LGR lists 289 variant sets, which can be classified as follows:

• 283 variant sets consist of variants between two or more Hanja characters that are part of this LGR repertoire. One of these variant sets also includes a Hangul syllable.
• 4 variant sets consist of variants between one or more in-repertoire Hanja character and a Hangul syllable. This includes one variant set already included in the previous group.
• 3 variant sets consist of variants between one out-of-repertoire Hanja character and a Hangul syllable. One variant set also includes one in-repertoire Hanja character.

Because one variant set is classified in both group 1 and 2, the total of variant sets is 283+4+3-1 = 289.

Additional Variants: In addition to the variants listed in this LGR, integration into the Root Zone LGR will result in many additional variants to out-of-repertoire code points as result of variants defined in other LGRs, including the effects of transitivity. However, the list of in-repertoire variants in this LGR is exhaustive.

See the merged, Common LGR [RZ-LGR-5] for details of all applicable cross-repertoire variants, including any not listed here; always use the Common LGR for determining cross-script collisions of labels.

Variant Mapping Types

All non-reflexive variant mappings defined are of type “blocked” and all reflexive ones of type “out-of-repertoire-var”. For more details, see Section 6 “Variants” in [Proposal-Korean].

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

Source References for Variants

The following source references are used for variant entries in this LGR:

• [201] – Korean-specific variants among Hanja (Table 1-1 in Appendix F)
• [202] – Korean-specific variants between Hangul and in-repertoire Hanja (Table 1-2 in Appendix F)
• [203] – Korean-specific variants between Hanja and out-of-repertoire Hanja (Table 1-3 in Appendix F)
• [204] – In-repertoire Hanja variants originating from [300] (Table 2-1 in Appendix F)
• [300] – in-repertoire variants originating from the Chinese LGR [CLGR]

Character Classes

This LGR defines the following named character classes:

• hanja — Hanja code points
• hangul — Hangul code points

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) rules and Context Rules

Default Whole Label Evaluation Rules

The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-5]. They are marked with ⍟.

Korean-specific Rules and Actions

A label may consist of Hangul syllables or Hanja characters only; no mixes are allowed. See also Section 7, “Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)” in [Proposal-Korean].

• no-hangul-hanja-mixed-label — a WLE rule triggering a Korean-specific action invalidating any mixed labels

Methodology and Contributors

The Root Zone LGR for the Korean script was developed by the Korean Script Generation Panel (KGP). For further details on methodology and contributors, see Sections 4 and 8 in [Proposal-Korean], as well as [RZ-LGR-5-Overview].

References

References [0] to [3] refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which corresponding code points were initially encoded. For example, a reference value of [3] means a character was first encoded in Unicode Version 3.0.

References [101] and up indicate that the code point is included in one of the following source references:

• [101] – ‘kIRG_KSource’ values starting by K0 in the Unihan database [Unihan]
• [102] – ‘kIICore’ values including the letter ‘K’(indicating source) in the Unihan database.

Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values.

In addition, the following general references are cited in this document:

[CLGR]

Root Zone Label Generation Rules for Chinese, 26 May 2020, https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-chinese-lgr-26may20-en.xml

[MSR-5]

Integration Panel, “Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-5 Overview and Rationale”, 24 June 2021, https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-5-overview-24jun21-en.pdf

[Proposal-Korean]

Korean Script Generation Panel (KGP), “Proposal for a Korean Script Root Zone LGR”, 1 May 2021, https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-korean-lgr-01may21-en.pdf

[Proposal-Korean-Appendices]

Appendices to “Proposal for a Korean Script Root Zone LGR”, 1 May 2021 (ZIP), https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-korean-lgr-appendices-01may21-en.zip

[RFC 7940]

Davies, K. and A. Freytag, “Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML”, RFC 7940, August 2016, https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940.

[RZ-LGR-5-Overview]

Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ LGR-5): Overview and Summary”,26 May 2022, https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-overview-26may22-en.pdf

[RZ-LGR-5]

Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ-LGR-5)”, 26 May 2022 (XML), https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-common-26may22-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation: https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-common-26may22-en.html

[Unicode 11.0]

The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 11.0.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2018. ISBN 978-1-936213-19-1) https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/

[Unihan]

The Unicode Consortium, UAX#38 "The Unicode Han Database (Unihan)", Latest version available at: http://unicode.org/reports/tr38/

For additional detail on references cited in the remainder of the document refer to the Table of References below.

Where links to certain references are not available, the data may be archived as part of [Proposal-Korean].