Root Zone LGR for script und-Guru (Gurmukhi) | lgr-3-gurmukhi-script-10jul19-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date | 2019-07-10
LGR Version | 3
Language | und-Guru
Scope | domain: "." (Root)
Unicode Version | 6.3.0

## Table of Contents

# 1 Description

# Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Gurmukhi Script

## Overview

This file contains Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Gurmukhi script for the Root Zone. For more details on this LGR and its development, see "Proposal for a Gurmukhi Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)" [Proposal]. This file is one of a set of LGR files that together form an integrated LGR for the DNS Root Zone [RZ-LGR-3]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

## Repertoire

According to Section 5, "Repertoire" in [Proposal], the Gurmukhi script LGR contains 56 unique code-points. This Repertoire covers the Punjabi language written using the Gurmukhi script. Punjabi ([EGIDS] level 2) is the only language currently using the Gurmukhi script.

The repertoire is based on [MSR-4], which is a subset of [Unicode 6.3].

Code points outside the Gurmukhi script that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-script variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type "out-of-repertoire-var". They do not form part of the repertoire.

Each code point is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, a category value, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below. Comments identify alternate names for some code points.

## Variants

The Gurmukhi and Devanagari scripts are closely related to each other and there are many code points in both scripts which can be confused with code points in the other script. Five sequences of Devanagari code points are defined as variants of single Gurmukhi code points. Additional cross-script variant analysis identified a smaller set of code points from the Bengali script. Where these can cause confusion even to a careful observer, they have been defined as variants. There are no in-script variants defined for Gurmukhi. See Section 6, "Variants", in [Proposal].

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type “blocked”, making labels that differ only by these variants mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other variant labels should be blocked.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

The specification of variants in the Root Zone LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

## Character Classes

Gurmukhi is an alphasyllabary and the heart of the writing system is the Akshar. This is the unit which is instinctively recognized by users of the script. The elements of the writing system consist of Consonants, Implicit Vowel Killer: Halant, Vowels, Bindi, Tippi, Addak, Nukta and Visarga.

Consonants: Gurmukhi consonants contain an implicit vowel schwa /ə/. They are also used without any modification to represent consonant sounds without an implicit /ə/ vowel More details in Section 3.3.1, "The Consonants" in [Proposal].

Virama: Unlike the Halant in other Neo-Brahmi scripts, U+094D ( ् ) GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA is not used in general to strip a consonant letter’s implicit vowel. The Virama is only used to create a conjunct where the letter U+0A39 (ਹ) HA, U+0A30 (ਰ) RA or U+0A35 (ਵ) VA is the second element in a conjunct. More details in Section 3.3.2, "The Implicit Vowel Killer: Virama" in [Proposal].

Vowels and Matras: Punjabi has seven long vowels and three short vowels (ਅ /ə/, ਇ /I/, and ਉ /U/) . Each of them, except U+0A05 (ਅ) have a corresponding vowel sign, or matra, which is used to modify the vowel inherent in the preceding consonant. More details in Section 3.3.3, "Vowels" in [Proposal].

Bindi: Bindi represents a homo-organic nasal. Bindi is used with all long vowels and the short vowel U+0A09 (ਉ), as well as with the matras of long vowels, except the matra U+0A42 (ੂ). More details in Section 3.3.4.1, "The Bindi" in [Proposal].

Tippi: Tippi is used to nasalize short vowels /ə/ and /I/ at all places, as well as /U/ and /u/ after a consonant. Therefore, Tippi comes after consonants without a vowel sign (representing the mātrā of /ə/ "mukta") and after the mātrā of /I/ ( ਿ ) following vowel carriers and consonants, such as in ਸੰ and ਸਿੰ. The mātrās of /U/ ( ੁ,) and /u/ ( ੂ ) following a consonant also take a Tippi. In addition, Tippi is used in gemination for nasal consonants ਙ, ਞ, ਨ and ਮ. More details in Section 3.3.4.2, "The Tippi" in [Proposal].

Addak: Addak is used to mark the gemination of the following consonant. In Punjabi, addak usually can follow mukta, aunkar ( ੁ ) and sihari ( ਿ ), and the vowel signs of the short vowels /ə/, /u/ and /i/. It geminates the consonant that follows it; therefore it cannot occur at the end of a label. More details in Section 3.3.4.3 "The Addak" in [Proposal].

Nukta: Called pairin bindi in Punjabi, Nukta is used with the six consonants (ਸ, ਖ, ਗ, ਜ, ਫ and ਲ ) defined as set C1 to represent the phonemes of words of Sanskrit and Perso-Arabic sources. More details in Section 3.3.4.4, "Nukta" in [Proposal].

## Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

### Default Whole Label Evaluation Rules and Actions

The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-4]. They are marked with ⍟. The default prohibition on leading combining marks is equivalent to ensuring that a label only starts with a consonant or vowel.

### Gurmukhi-specific Rules

These rules have been drafted to ensure that the prospective Gurmukhi label conforms to akshar formation norms as desired in Gurmukhi script. These norms are exclusively presented as context rules.

The following symbols are used in the WLE rules:
C → Consonant
M → Matra
V → Vowel
B → Bindi
D → Tippi
A → Addak
H → Virama / Halant
N → Nukta
M1 → { ਿ(U+0A3F), ੁ (U+0A41) } (Short matras)
M2 → M - M1 (Long matras)
V1 → { ਅ (U+0A05), ਇ (U+0A07), ਉ (U+0A09)} (Short Vowels)
V2 → V - V1 (Long Vowel)
C1 → {ਖ (U+0A16), ਗ (U+0A17), ਜ (U+0A1C), ਫ (U+0A2B), ਲ (U+0A32), ਸ (U+0A38)}
C2 → { ਰ (U+0A30), ਵ (U+0A35), ਹ (U+0A39)}
C3 → C – {ਙ (U+0A19), ਞ (U+0A1E), ਣ (U+0A23), ਹ (U+0A39), ੜ (U+0A5C)}

The rules are:

- 7.1 N: must be preceded by C1
- 7.2 H: must be preceded by C or N and followed by C2
- 7.3 M: must be preceded by C or N
- 7.4 B: must be preceded by specific V or M
- 7..5 D: must be preceded by, C, N or specific V or M
- 7.6 A: must be preceded by C, N or specific V or M and followed by C3

More details in Section 7, "Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)" in [Proposal].

## Methodology and Contributors

The LGR for the Gurmukhi script was developed by the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP) the members of which have experience in linguistics and computational linguistics in a wide variety of languages written with Neo-Brahmi scripts. Under the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, there are nine scripts belonging to separate Unicode blocks. Each of these scripts has been assigned a separate LGR, with the Neo-Brahmi GP ensuring that the fundamental philosophy behind building those LGRs are in sync with all other Brahmi derived scripts. For further details on methodology and contributors, see Sections 4 and 8 in [Proposal], as well as [RZ-LGR-3-Overview].

## References

References [0] refers to the Unicode Standard version in which corresponding code points were initially encoded. Reference [105] and up correspond to sources given in [Proposal] for justifying the inclusion of for the corresponding code points. Single code point or ranges may have multiple source reference values.

In addition, the following general references are cited in this document:

[EGIDS]
  Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale,
  https://www.ethnologue.com/about/language-status
  (Accessed on 13 Nov. 2017)
[MSR-4]
  Integration Panel, "Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-4 Overview and Rationale", 7 February 2019,
  https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-4-overview-25jan19-en.pdf
[Proposal]
  Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, "Proposal for a Gurmukhi Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)", 22 April 2019,
  https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-gurmukhi-lgr-22apr19-en.pdf
[RFC 7940]
  Davies, K. and A. Freytag, "Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML", RFC 7940, August 2016,
  http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
  A. Freytag, "Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels", RFC 8228, August 2017,
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[RZ-LGR-3-Overview]
  Integration Panel, "Root Zone Label Generation Rules - LGR-3: Overview and Summary", 10 July 2019 (PDF),
  https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-3-overview-10jul19-en.pdf
[RZ-LGR-3]
  Integration Panel, "Label Generation Rules for the Root Zone — LGR-3", 10 July 2019 (XML),
  https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-3-common-10jul19-en.xml
  non-normative HTML presentation:
  https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-3-common-10jul19-en.html
[Unicode 6.3]
  The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
  http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/

# 2 Repertoire

## Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in Repertoire | 56
Out of repertoire variants | 30
Total entries in table | 86
Number of code points for each script |
Bengali | 2
Devanagari | 23
Gurmukhi | 56
Number of code points | 81
Number of sequences | 5
Longest code point sequence | 4

## Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code Point | Glyph | Script | Name | Ref | Tags | Required Context | Part of Repertoire | Variants | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
U+0902 | ं | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 1 | Not part of repertoire
U+0907 | इ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER I |  |  |  | ✗ | set 2 | Not part of repertoire
U+0909 | उ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER U |  |  |  | ✗ | set 3 | Not part of repertoire
U+0917 | ग | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER GA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 4 | Not part of repertoire
U+0918 | घ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 5 | Not part of repertoire
U+091F | ट | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 6 | Not part of repertoire
U+0920 | ठ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 7 | Not part of repertoire
U+0922 | ढ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 8 | Not part of repertoire
U+0924 U+094D U+0924 | त्त | [Devanagari] | DEVANAGARI LETTER TA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 9 | Not part of repertoire
U+092A | प | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER PA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 10 | Not part of repertoire
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+093F | प्टि | [Devanagari] | DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I |  |  |  | ✗ | set 11 | Not part of repertoire
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0940 | प्टी | [Devanagari] | DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II |  |  |  | ✗ | set 12 | Not part of repertoire
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0946 | प्टॆ | [Devanagari] | DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E |  |  |  | ✗ | set 13 | Not part of repertoire
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0947 | प्टे | [Devanagari] | DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E |  |  |  | ✗ | set 13 | Not part of repertoire
U+092D | भ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 14 | Not part of repertoire
U+092E | म | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER MA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 15 | Not part of repertoire
U+0935 | व | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER VA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 16 | Not part of repertoire
U+0939 | ह | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI LETTER HA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 17 | Not part of repertoire
U+093A | ऺ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE |  |  |  | ✗ | set 1 | Not part of repertoire
U+093C | ़ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 18 | Not part of repertoire
U+093F | ि | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I |  |  |  | ✗ | set 19 | Not part of repertoire
U+0940 | ी | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II |  |  |  | ✗ | set 20 | Not part of repertoire
U+0945 | ॅ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E |  |  |  | ✗ | set 21 | Not part of repertoire
U+0946 | ॆ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E |  |  |  | ✗ | set 22 | Not part of repertoire
U+0947 | े | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E |  |  |  | ✗ | set 22 | Not part of repertoire
U+0948 | ै | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI |  |  |  | ✗ | set 23 | Not part of repertoire
U+0956 | ॖ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE |  |  |  | ✗ | set 24 | Not part of repertoire
U+0957 | ॗ | Devanagari | DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE |  |  |  | ✗ | set 25 | Not part of repertoire
U+09AE | ম | Bengali | BENGALI LETTER MA |  |  |  | ✗ | set 15 | Not part of repertoire
U+09BF | ি | Bengali | BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I |  |  |  | ✗ | set 19 | Not part of repertoire
U+0A02 | ਂ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI | [0], [105], [112] | Bindi | follows-specific-V-or-M | ✔ | set 1 | Punjabi
U+0A05 | ਅ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER A | [0], [105], [112] | V1, Vowel |  | ✔ |  | = aira; Punjabi
U+0A06 | ਆ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER AA | [0], [105], [112] | Vowel |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A07 | ਇ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER I | [0], [105], [112] | V1, Vowel |  | ✔ | set 11 | Punjabi
U+0A08 | ਈ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER II | [0], [105], [112] | Vowel |  | ✔ | set 12 | Punjabi
U+0A09 | ਉ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER U | [0], [105], [112] | V1, Vowel |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A0A | ਊ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER UU | [0], [105], [112] | Vowel |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A0F | ਏ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER EE | [0], [105], [112] | Vowel |  | ✔ | set 13 | Punjabi
U+0A10 | ਐ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER AI | [0], [105], [112] | Vowel |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A13 | ਓ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER OO | [0], [105], [112] | Vowel |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A14 | ਔ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER AU | [0], [105], [112] | Vowel |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A15 | ਕ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER KA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ | set 16 | Punjabi
U+0A16 | ਖ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER KHA | [0], [105], [112] | C1, Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A17 | ਗ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER GA | [0], [105], [112] | C1, Consonant |  | ✔ | set 4 | Punjabi
U+0A18 | ਘ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER GHA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A19 | ਙ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER NGA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ | set 2 | Punjabi
U+0A1A | ਚ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER CA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A1B | ਛ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER CHA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A1C | ਜ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER JA | [0], [105], [112] | C1, Consonant |  | ✔ | set 9 | Punjabi
U+0A1D | ਝ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER JHA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A1E | ਞ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER NYA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A1F | ਟ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER TTA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ | set 6 | Punjabi
U+0A20 | ਠ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ | set 7 | Punjabi
U+0A21 | ਡ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER DDA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A22 | ਢ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER DDHA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A23 | ਣ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER NNA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A24 | ਤ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER TA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ | set 3 | Punjabi
U+0A25 | ਥ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER THA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A26 | ਦ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER DA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A27 | ਧ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER DHA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ | set 10 | Punjabi
U+0A28 | ਨ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER NA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A2A | ਪ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER PA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A2B | ਫ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER PHA | [0], [105], [112] | C1, Consonant |  | ✔ | set 8 | Punjabi
U+0A2C | ਬ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER BA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ | set 5 | Punjabi
U+0A2D | ਭ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER BHA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A2E | ਮ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER MA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ | set 14 | Punjabi
U+0A2F | ਯ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER YA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A30 | ਰ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER RA | [0], [105], [112] | C2, Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A32 | ਲ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER LA | [0], [105], [112] | C1, Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A35 | ਵ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER VA | [0], [105], [112] | C2, Consonant |  | ✔ | set 17 | Punjabi
U+0A38 | ਸ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER SA | [0], [105], [112] | C1, Consonant |  | ✔ | set 15 | Punjabi
U+0A39 | ਹ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER HA | [0], [105], [112] | C2, Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A3C | ਼ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA | [0], [105], [112] | Nukta | follows-C1 | ✔ | set 18 | = pairin bindi; Punjabi
U+0A3E | ਾ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA | [0], [105], [110], [112] | Matra | follows-C-or-N | ✔ |  | = kanna; Punjabi
U+0A3F | ਿ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I | [0], [105], [112] | M1, Matra | follows-C-or-N | ✔ | set 19 | = sihari; Punjabi
U+0A40 | ੀ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II | [0], [105], [112] | Matra | follows-C-or-N | ✔ | set 20 | = bihari; Punjabi
U+0A41 | ੁ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U | [0], [105], [112] | M1, Matra | follows-C-or-N | ✔ | set 24 | = aunkar; Punjabi
U+0A42 | ੂ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU | [0], [105], [112] | Matra | follows-C-or-N | ✔ | set 25 | = dulainkar; Punjabi
U+0A47 | ੇ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE | [0], [105], [112] | Matra | follows-C-or-N | ✔ | set 22 | = lanvan; Punjabi
U+0A48 | ੈ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI | [0], [105], [112] | Matra | follows-C-or-N | ✔ | set 23 | = dulavan; Punjabi
U+0A4B | ੋ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO | [0], [105], [112] | Matra | follows-C-or-N | ✔ | set 22 | = hora; Punjabi
U+0A4C | ੌ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AU | [0], [105], [112] | Matra | follows-C-or-N | ✔ |  | = kanaura; Punjabi
U+0A4D | ੍ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA | [0], [105], [112] | Virama | follows-C-or-N-and-precedes-C2 | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A5C | ੜ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI LETTER RRA | [0], [105], [112] | Consonant |  | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A70 | ੰ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI TIPPI | [0], [105], [112] | Tippi | follows-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M | ✔ |  | Punjabi
U+0A71 | ੱ | Gurmukhi | GURMUKHI ADDAK | [0], [105], [112] | Addak | follows-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M-and-precedes-C3 | ✔ | set 21 | Punjabi

Legend

Throughout this LGR, a code point sequence may be annotated with a string in ALL CAPS that is constructed on the same principle as a name for a Unicode Named Sequence. No claim is made that a sequence thus annotated is in fact a named sequence, nor that the annotation in such case actually corresponds to the formal name of a named sequence.

Code Point
  A code point or code point sequence.
Name
  Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database. Named sequences are listed with their normative names, for ad-hoc sequences the individual names are shown separated by “+”.
Glyph
  The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
  Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common. Sequences are annotated with a set of all distinct script values.
Ref
  Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
  LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view.
Required Context
  Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:ℍ identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
  Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment
  The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias.
✔ - core repertoire
  A check mark in the Part-of-Repertoire column indicates a code point is part of the core repertoire.
✗ - out-of-repertoire
  A code point shown with ✗ is not part of the repertoire. It is listed only because it is the target of an out-of-repertoire-var variant mapping.

# 3 Variant Sets

## Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets | 25
Largest variant set | 4
Ordinary Variants by Type |
blocked | 76
Reflexive Variants by Type |
out-of-repertoire-var | 30

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column, otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and all variant sets are disjoint.

Common Legend

Source
  By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
  By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
  The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
→ - forward
  Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
← - reverse
  Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
↔ - both
  Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
≡ - reflexive
  Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
Type
  The type of the variant mapping. There are some predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”, while others are defined specifically for each LGR. A reflexive variant type “out-of-repertoire-var” designates the target as not part of the repertoire; it is required as target for one or more variant mappings that cross repertoire boundaries.
Ref
  One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
  A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

### Variant Set 1 — 3 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0902 | ं | 0902 | ं | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0902 | ं | 093A | ऺ | ↔ | blocked |  | Devanagari variant added to ensure transitivity
0902 | ं | 0A02 | ਂ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
093A | ऺ | 093A | ऺ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
093A | ऺ | 0A02 | ਂ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 2 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0907 | इ | 0907 | इ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0907 | इ | 0A19 | ਙ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 3 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0909 | उ | 0909 | उ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0909 | उ | 0A24 | ਤ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0917 | ग | 0917 | ग | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0917 | ग | 0A17 | ਗ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0918 | घ | 0918 | घ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0918 | घ | 0A2C | ਬ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 6 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
091F | ट | 091F | ट | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
091F | ट | 0A1F | ਟ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 7 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0920 | ठ | 0920 | ठ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0920 | ठ | 0A20 | ਠ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 8 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0922 | ढ | 0922 | ढ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0922 | ढ | 0A2B | ਫ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0924 094D 0924 | त्त | 0924 094D 0924 | त्त | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0924 094D 0924 | त्त | 0A1C | ਜ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
092A | प | 092A | प | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
092A | प | 0A27 | ਧ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 11 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
092A 094D 091F 093F | प्टि | 092A 094D 091F 093F | प्टि | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
092A 094D 091F 093F | प्टि | 0A07 | ਇ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 12 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
092A 094D 091F 0940 | प्टी | 092A 094D 091F 0940 | प्टी | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
092A 094D 091F 0940 | प्टी | 0A08 | ਈ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 13 — 3 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
092A 094D 091F 0946 | प्टॆ | 092A 094D 091F 0946 | प्टॆ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
092A 094D 091F 0946 | प्टॆ | 092A 094D 091F 0947 | प्टे | ↔ | blocked |  | Devanagari variant added to ensure transitivity
092A 094D 091F 0946 | प्टॆ | 0A0F | ਏ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
092A 094D 091F 0947 | प्टे | 092A 094D 091F 0947 | प्टे | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
092A 094D 091F 0947 | प्टे | 0A0F | ਏ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 14 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
092D | भ | 092D | भ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
092D | भ | 0A2E | ਮ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 15 — 3 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
092E | म | 092E | म | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
092E | म | 09AE | ম | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
092E | म | 0A38 | ਸ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
09AE | ম | 09AE | ম | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
09AE | ম | 0A38 | ਸ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0935 | व | 0935 | व | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0935 | व | 0A15 | ਕ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 17 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0939 | ह | 0939 | ह | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0939 | ह | 0A35 | ਵ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 18 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
093C | ़ | 093C | ़ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
093C | ़ | 0A3C | ਼ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 19 — 3 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
093F | ि | 093F | ि | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
093F | ि | 09BF | ি | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
093F | ि | 0A3F | ਿ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
09BF | ি | 09BF | ি | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
09BF | ি | 0A3F | ਿ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 20 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0940 | ी | 0940 | ी | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0940 | ी | 0A40 | ੀ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 21 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0945 | ॅ | 0945 | ॅ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0945 | ॅ | 0A71 | ੱ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 22 — 4 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0946 | ॆ | 0946 | ॆ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0946 | ॆ | 0947 | े | ↔ | blocked |  | Devanagari variant added to ensure transitivity
0946 | ॆ | 0A47 | ੇ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0946 | ॆ | 0A4B | ੋ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0947 | े | 0947 | े | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0947 | े | 0A47 | ੇ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0947 | े | 0A4B | ੋ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0A47 | ੇ | 0A4B | ੋ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 23 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0948 | ै | 0948 | ै | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0948 | ै | 0A48 | ੈ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 24 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0956 | ॖ | 0956 | ॖ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0956 | ॖ | 0A41 | ੁ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 25 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0957 | ॗ | 0957 | ॗ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0957 | ॗ | 0A42 | ੂ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

# 4 Classes, Rules and Actions

## 4.1 Character Classes

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name | Definition | Count | Members or Ranges | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
C | Tag=Consonant | 32 | {0A15-0A28 0A2A-0A30 0A32 0A35 0A38-0A39 0A5C} |  | Any Gurmukhi consonant
V | Tag=Vowel | 10 | {0A05-0A0A 0A0F-0A10 0A13-0A14} |  | Any Gurmukhi independent vowel
M | Tag=Matra | 9 | {0A3E-0A42 0A47-0A48 0A4B-0A4C} |  | Any Gurmukhi vowel sign (matra)
N | Tag=Nukta | 1 | {0A3C} |  | The Gurmukhi Nukta
V1 | Tag=V1 | 3 | {0A05 0A07 0A09} |  | Specific vowels that are used with Gurmukhi Addak
V2 | combined = [[:V:]∖[:V1:]] | 7 | {0A06 0A08 0A0A 0A0F-0A10 0A13-0A14} |  | Specific vowels that are used with Gurmukhi Bindi
M1 | Tag=M1 | 2 | {0A3F 0A41} |  | Gurmukhi short matras
M2 | combined = [[:M:]∖[:M1:]] | 7 | {0A3E 0A40 0A42 0A47-0A48 0A4B-0A4C} |  | Gurmukhi long matras
C1 | Tag=C1 | 6 | {0A16-0A17 0A1C 0A2B 0A32 0A38} |  | Specific consonants preceding Gurmukhi Nukta
C2 | Tag=C2 | 3 | {0A30 0A35 0A39} |  | Specific consonants following Gurmukhi Halant
C3 | combined = [[:C:]∖[0A19 0A1E 0A23 0A39 0A5C]] | 27 | {0A15-0A18 0A1A-0A1D 0A1F-0A22 0A24-0A28 0A2A-0A30 0A32 0A35 0A38} |  | Specific consonants following Gurmukhi Addak
implicit | Tag=Addak | 1 | {0A71} |  | The character tagged as Addak
implicit | Tag=Bindi | 1 | {0A02} |  | The character tagged as Bindi
implicit | Tag=Tippi | 1 | {0A70} |  | The character tagged as Tippi
implicit | Tag=Virama | 1 | {0A4D} |  | The character tagged as Virama
implicit | Tag=sc:Beng | 2 | {09AE 09BF} |  | Any character tagged as Bengali
implicit | Tag=sc:Deva | 23 | {0902 0907 0909 0917-0918 091F-0920 0922 092A 092D-092E 0935 0939-093A 093C 093F-0940 0945-0948 0956-0957} |  | Any character tagged as Devanagari
implicit | Tag=sc:Guru | 56 | {0A02 0A05-0A0A 0A0F-0A10 0A13-0A28 0A2A-0A30 0A32 0A35 0A38-0A39 0A3C 0A3E-0A42 0A47-0A48 0A4B-0A4D 0A5C 0A70-0A71} |  | Any character tagged as Gurmukhi

Legend

Members or Ranges
  Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt
  A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit
  An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value.
Combined
  A named class defined by set operations on other classes using the following syntax:
[ ] - explicit character set
  For explicit character sets that are part of a rule, only those members are shown that are defined in this LGR.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
  Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
  Sets may be combined by set operators (∪ = union, ∩ = intersection, ∖ = difference, ∆ = symmetric difference).

## 4.2 Whole label evaluation and context rules

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name | Regular Expression | Used as Trigger | Anchor | Used as Context | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
leading-combining-mark | `(start)[[\p{gc=Mn}]∪[\p{gc=Mc}]]` | ✔ |  |  |  | Default WLE rule matching labels with leading combining marks ⍟
follows-C1 | `([:C1:])← ⚓` |  | ✔ | C |  | Section 7.1. N: must be preceded by C1
follows-C-or-N-and-precedes-C2 | `([:C:]|[:N:])← ⚓ →([:C2:])` |  | ✔ | C |  | Section 7.2. H: must be preceded by C or N and followed by C2
follows-C-or-N | `([:C:]|[:N:])← ⚓` |  | ✔ | C |  | Section 7.3. M: must be preceded by C or N
follows-specific-V-or-M | `([:V2:]|\u0A09|([[:M2:]∖[\u0A42]]))← ⚓` |  | ✔ | C |  | Section 7.4. Bindi must be preceded by specific V or M
follows-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M | `([:C:]|[:N:]|([[:V1:]∖[\u0A09]])|[:M1:]|\u0A42)← ⚓` |  | ✔ | C |  | Section 7.5. Tippi must be preceded by, C, N or specific V or M
follows-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M-and-precedes-C3 | `([:C:]|[:N:]|[:V1:]|\u0A10|[:M1:]|\u0A48)← ⚓ →([:C3:])` |  | ✔ | C |  | Section 7.6. Addak must be preceded by C, N or specific V or M and followed by C3

Legend

Used as Trigger
  This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
  This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
  This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
  A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓ - context anchor
  Placeholder for the actual code point, when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(...)← - look-behind
  If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
→(..) - look-ahead
  If present encloses required context following the anchor.
(... | ...) - choice
  When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
start or end
  (start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
[ ] - explicit character set
  For explicit character sets that are part of a rule, only those members are shown that are defined in this LGR.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
  Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property character set
  Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
  Sets may be combined by set operators (∪ = union, ∩ = intersection, ∖ = difference, ∆ = symmetric difference).
⍟ - default rule
  Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

## 4.3 Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# | Condition | Rule / Variant Set |  | Disposition | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | if label matches | leading-combining-mark | → | invalid |  | labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
2 | if at least one variant is in | {out-of-repertoire-var} | → | invalid |  | any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
3 | if at least one variant is in | {blocked} | → | blocked |  | any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
4 | if each variant is in | {allocatable} | → | allocatable |  | variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟
5 | if any label (catch-all) |  | → | valid |  | catch all (default action) ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set
  In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
  Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

# 5 Table of References

[0] | Gurmukhi Unicode chart (Accessed on 21 May 2018) https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf
[105] | Omniglot, https://www.omniglot.com/writing/punjabi.htm (Accessed on 10 Nov. 2017)
[110] | Gurmukhi Alphabet :: Lesson 11, “Gurmukhi Vowel Signs Group-1 Mukta and Kanna”, http://elearnpunjabi.com (Accessed on 10 Nov. 2017)
[112] | A reference Grammar of Punjabi, http://pt.learnpunjabi.org/assets/A%20Reference%20Grammar_Final.pdf (Accessed on 10 Nov. 2017)