Reference LGR for script: Balinese (Bali)	lgr-second-level-balinese-script-25oct24-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date	2024-10-25
LGR Version	1 (Second Level Reference LGR)
Language	und-Bali (Balinese Script)
Unicode Version	14.0.0

Description

INSTRUCTIONS

These instructions cover how to adopt an LGR based on this reference LGR for a given zone and how to prepare the file for deposit in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices.
As described the IANA procedure
(https://www.iana.org/help/idn-repository-procedure)
an LGR MUST contain the following elements in its header:
- Script or Language Designator (see below for guidance)
- Version Number (this must increase with each amendment to the LGR, even if the updates are limited to the header itself)
- Effective Date (the date at which the policy becomes applicable in operational use)
- Registry Contact Details (contact name, email address, and/or phone number)
The following information is optional:
- Document creation date
- Applicable Domain(s)
- Changes made to the Reference LGR before adopting

Please add or modify the following items in the XML source code for this file before depositing the document in the IANA Repository.
(https://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables)

Meta Data

Note: version numbers start at 1. RFC 7940 recommends using simple integers. The version comment is optional, please replace or delete the default comment. Version comments may be used by some tools as part of the page header.

<version comment="[Please replace (or delete) the optional comment]">[Please fill in version number, starting at 1]</version>

<date>[Please fill in with publication date, in YYYY-MM-DD format]</date>

<validity-start>[Please fill in effective date, in YYYY-MM-DD format]</validity-start>

Note: the scope element may be repeated, so that the same document can serve for multiple domains.

<scope type="domain">[Please provide, in ".domain" format]</scope>

Registry Contact Information:

Please fill in the Registry Contact Details.

Change History

If you made technical modifications to the LGR, please summarize them in the Change History (and also note the details in the appropriate section of the description).

PLEASE DELETE THESE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE DEPOSITING THE DOCUMENT

Registry Contact Details

Contact Name: [Please fill in Contact Name]
Email address: [Please fill in Email address]
Phone Number: [Please fill in optional Phone Number]

Reference Label Generation Rules for the Balinese Script

Overview

This document specifies a set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Balinese script using a script-specific repertoire for the second level domain or domains identified above. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940]. This LGR is adapted from the “Reference LGR for the Second Level for the Balinese Script” [Ref-LGR-und-Bali], for details, see Change History below.

Standalone LGR: This LGR is designed to be used in a zone that does not cater to IDNs other than those valid under this LGR. This LGR lacks features that would allow its use in the context of another LGR in the same zone, and it may contain other features incompatible with such use.

For details and additional background on the Balinese script, see "Balinese Script Reference Label Generation Rules for Second-Level Domain Names" [Proposal-Balinese].

Repertoire

This LGR includes the 65 Balinese letters and signs selected from Section 5.1 “Included Code Points” in [Proposal-Balinese].

For the second level, the repertoire has been augmented with U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS, for a total of 66 repertoire elements.

Repertoire Listing: Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts with which the code point is used and one or more other character categories. For each repertoire element, one or more references document sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire; see the “References” below.

Excluded Characters

The Common (ASCII) digits are not used with Balinese. The native digits in the Balinese script are not included because some of them share a similar shape with ordinary letters, which could pose a security risk. For example: U+1B52 ᭒ Balinese digit two and letter U+1B0D ᬍ la lenga, as well as U+1B58 ᭘ Balinese digit eight and U+1B28 ᬨ letter pa kapal typically have identical appearance. While some fonts may distinguish the latter they are depicted as identical in the Unicode code charts [UNICODE 14.0.0].

The sign U+1B34 ᬴ nukta is seldom found being used today and therefore not included here.

The following lists the excluded Balinese script code points:

U+1B00 ᬀ BALINESE SIGN ULU RICEM (Dependent vowel)

U+1B01 ᬁ BALINESE SIGN ULU CANDRA (Sign)

U+1B1F ᬟ BALINESE LETTER DA MURDA ALPAPRANA (Consonant)

U+1B34 ᬴ BALINESE SIGN REREKAN (Sign)

U+1B50 ᭐ BALINESE DIGIT ZERO (Digit)

U+1B51 ᭑ BALINESE DIGIT ONE (Digit)

U+1B52 ᭒ BALINESE DIGIT TWO (Digit)

U+1B53 ᭓ BALINESE DIGIT THREE (Digit)

U+1B54 ᭔ BALINESE DIGIT FOUR (Digit)

U+1B55 ᭕ BALINESE DIGIT FIVE (Digit)

U+1B56 ᭖ BALINESE DIGIT SIX (Digit)

U+1B57 ᭗ BALINESE DIGIT SEVEN (Digit)

U+1B58 ᭘ BALINESE DIGIT EIGHT (Digit)

U+1B59 ᭙ BALINESE DIGIT NINE (Digit)

See Section 5.2 “Excluded Code Points” in [Proposal-Balinese].

Variants

This LGR defines a number of in-script variants because they produce the same sound and are perceived as equivalent by script users. Following a thorough analysis described in Section 6.2 “Cross-script Variants”of [Proposal-Balinese] no cross-script variants have been identified based on any discernable similarity with another script or otherwise required for the security of the Balinese LGR.

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type “blocked”, making labels that differ only by these variants mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other equivalent labels should be blocked. There is no preference among these labels.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

The specification of variants in this LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

The Balinese script is an abugida where syllables consist of a consonant or independent vowel with attached dependent vowels and signs. This leads to the following classification of characters:

Consonant — each consonant in Balinese has a consonant-vowel sequences are written as a unit.
Dependent Vowel — dependent vowels must follow a consonant or an independent vowel.
Independent Vowel — independent vowels do not need to follow a consonant and may be followed by a dependent vowel
Sign — there are two signs used for Balinese that qualify for use in IDNs

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Common Rules

By default, the LGR includes the rules and actions to implement the following restrictions mandated by the IDNA protocol. They are marked with ⍟.

Hyphen Restrictions — restrictions on the allowable placement of hyphens (no leading/ending hyphen and no hyphen in positions 3 and 4). These restrictions are described in Section 4.2.3.1 of RFC 5891 [150]. They are implemented here as context rule on U+002D (-) HYPHEN-MINUS.
Leading Combining Marks — restrictions on the allowable placement of combining marks (no leading combining mark). This rule is described in Section 4.2.3.2 of RFC 5891 [150].

Script-specific rules in this LGR already prevent combining marks in leading position making the "leading-combining-mark" rule technically redundant. It is retained here for consistency.

Default Actions

This LGR includes the default actions for LGRs as well as the action needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].

Script-specific Rules

This LGR defines the following rules that enforce basic structural rules of the Balinese script. The motivation is to prevent structurally meaningless sequences for which rendering systems or fonts are not prepared as opposed to enforcing spelling rules for any given language.

follows-c — a context rule that ensures U+1B35 ᬵ must follow a consonant.
follows-c-or-iv — a context rule that ensures that, with the exception of U+1B35 ᬵ , all dependent vowels must follow a consonant or independent vowel.
disallowed-for-1B44 — U+1B44 ᭄ which functions as virama cannot be at the first position. It cannot follow a sign including itself. It cannot follow a dependent vowel. It cannot follow two consecutive consonants to prevent below 2-base stacking. This is implemented as a context rule defining the prohibited contexts.
follows-c-or-iv-or-dv — a context rule that ensures signs may follow any code point other than another sign or hyphen.

Methodology

This Second Level Reference LGR for the Balinese Script was developed by the Balinese community and edited by Asmus Freytag and Michel Suignard, based on community feedback and public review.

Changes from Version Dated 25 October 2024

Adopted from the Second Level Reference LGR for the Balinese Script [Ref-LGR-und-Bali] without normative changes.

References

This document cites the following general references.

[Guidelines]: ICANN, “Guidelines for Developing Reference LGRs for the Second Level”, (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 27 May 2020),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/lgr-guidelines-second-level-27may20-en.pdf
[Level-2-Overview]: Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, (ICANN),“Reference Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Second Level: Overview and Summary” (PDF), (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 25 October 2024),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/level2-lgr-overview-summary-25oct24-en.pdf
[Proposal-Balinese]: "Balinese Script Reference Label Generation Rules for Second-Level Domain Names", 12 September 2024,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-balinese-second-level-12Sep24-en.pdf
[Ref-LGR-und-Bali]: ICANN, Second Level Reference Label Generation Rules for the Balinese Script (und-Bali), 25 October 2024 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-balinese-script-25oct24-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation:
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-balinese-script-25oct24-en.html
[RFC 7940]: Davies, K. and A. Freytag, “Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML”, RFC 7940, August 2016,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]: A. Freytag, “Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels”, RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[UNICODE 14.0.0]: The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2021. ISBN 978-1-936213-29-0)
https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/

References [0] to [8] refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [112] and above correspond to sources given in [Proposal-Balinese] justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. In the listing of whole label evaluation and context rules, reference [150] indicates the source for common rules.

Repertoire

Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire

Number of code points
for each script

Balinese	65
Common	1

Longest code point sequence

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code Point	Glyph	Script	Name	Ref	Tags	Required Context	Variants
U+002D	-	Common	HYPHEN-MINUS	[0]		not: hyphen-minus-disallowed
U+1B02	ᬂ	Balinese	BALINESE SIGN CECEK	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	sign	follows-c-or-iv-or-dv
U+1B03	ᬃ	Balinese	BALINESE SIGN SURANG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	sign	follows-c-or-iv-or-dv
U+1B04	ᬄ	Balinese	BALINESE SIGN BISAH	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	sign	follows-c-or-iv-or-dv
U+1B05	ᬅ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER AKARA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B06	ᬆ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER AKARA TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B07	ᬇ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER IKARA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B08	ᬈ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER IKARA TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B09	ᬉ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER UKARA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B0A	ᬊ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER UKARA TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B0B	ᬋ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER RA REPA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B0C	ᬌ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER RA REPA TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B0D	ᬍ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER LA LENGA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B0E	ᬎ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER LA LENGA TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B0F	ᬏ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER EKARA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B10	ᬐ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER AIKARA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B11	ᬑ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER OKARA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B12	ᬒ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER OKARA TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	iv
U+1B13	ᬓ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER KA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 1
U+1B14	ᬔ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER KA MAHAPRANA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 1
U+1B15	ᬕ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER GA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 2
U+1B16	ᬖ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER GA GORA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 2
U+1B17	ᬗ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER NGA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant
U+1B18	ᬘ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER CA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 3
U+1B19	ᬙ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER CA LACA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 3
U+1B1A	ᬚ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER JA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 4
U+1B1B	ᬛ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER JA JERA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 4
U+1B1C	ᬜ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER NYA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant
U+1B1D	ᬝ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER TA LATIK	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 5
U+1B1E	ᬞ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER TA MURDA MAHAPRANA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 5
U+1B20	ᬠ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER DA MURDA MAHAPRANA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 6
U+1B21	ᬡ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER NA RAMBAT	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 7
U+1B22	ᬢ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER TA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 5
U+1B23	ᬣ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER TA TAWA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 5
U+1B24	ᬤ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER DA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 6
U+1B25	ᬥ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER DA MADU	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 6
U+1B26	ᬦ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER NA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 7
U+1B27	ᬧ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER PA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 8
U+1B28	ᬨ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER PA KAPAL	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 8
U+1B29	ᬩ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER BA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 9
U+1B2A	ᬪ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER BA KEMBANG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 9
U+1B2B	ᬫ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER MA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant
U+1B2C	ᬬ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER YA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant
U+1B2D	ᬭ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER RA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant
U+1B2E	ᬮ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER LA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant
U+1B2F	ᬯ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER WA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant
U+1B30	ᬰ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER SA SAGA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 10
U+1B31	ᬱ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER SA SAPA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 10
U+1B32	ᬲ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER SA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant		set 10
U+1B33	ᬳ	Balinese	BALINESE LETTER HA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	consonant
U+1B35	ᬵ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c
U+1B36	ᬶ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN ULU	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B37	ᬷ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN ULU SARI	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B38	ᬸ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B39	ᬹ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU ILUT	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B3A	ᬺ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN RA REPA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B3B	ᬻ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN RA REPA TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B3C	ᬼ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN LA LENGA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B3D	ᬽ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN LA LENGA TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B3E	ᬾ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B3F	ᬿ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING REPA	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B40	ᭀ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B41	ᭁ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING REPA TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B42	ᭂ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B43	ᭃ	Balinese	BALINESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET TEDUNG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	dv	follows-c-or-iv
U+1B44	᭄	Balinese	BALINESE ADEG ADEG	[8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120]	sign	not: disallow-for-1B44

Legend

Code Point: A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph: The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script: Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common.
Name: Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database.
Ref: Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags: LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view.
Required Context: Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants: Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment: The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.

Variants

Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets

Largest variant set

Variants by Type

blocked 38

Variant Sets

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and all variant sets are disjoint.

Common Legend

Source: By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target: By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph: The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
→ - forward: Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
← - reverse: Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
↔ - both: Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
Type: The type of the variant mapping, including predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”; or any that are defined specifically for this LGR.
Ref: One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment: A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
1B13	ᬓ	1B14	ᬔ	↔	blocked

Variant Set 2 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
1B15	ᬕ	1B16	ᬖ	↔	blocked

Variant Set 3 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
1B18	ᬘ	1B19	ᬙ	↔	blocked

Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
1B1A	ᬚ	1B1B	ᬛ	↔	blocked

Variant Set 5 — 4 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type
1B1D	ᬝ	1B1E	ᬞ	↔	blocked
1B1D	ᬝ	1B22	ᬢ	↔	blocked
1B1D	ᬝ	1B23	ᬣ	↔	blocked
1B1E	ᬞ	1B22	ᬢ	↔	blocked
1B1E	ᬞ	1B23	ᬣ	↔	blocked
1B22	ᬢ	1B23	ᬣ	↔	blocked

Variant Set 6 — 3 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type
1B20	ᬠ	1B24	ᬤ	↔	blocked
1B20	ᬠ	1B25	ᬥ	↔	blocked
1B24	ᬤ	1B25	ᬥ	↔	blocked

Variant Set 7 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
1B21	ᬡ	1B26	ᬦ	↔	blocked

Variant Set 8 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
1B27	ᬧ	1B28	ᬨ	↔	blocked

Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
1B29	ᬩ	1B2A	ᬪ	↔	blocked

Variant Set 10 — 3 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type
1B30	ᬰ	1B31	ᬱ	↔	blocked
1B30	ᬰ	1B32	ᬲ	↔	blocked
1B31	ᬱ	1B32	ᬲ	↔	blocked

Classes, Rules and Actions

Character Classes

Number of named classes	4
Implicit defined by script tag	2

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name	Definition	Count	Members or Ranges	Comment
c	Tag=consonant	32	{1B13-1B1E 1B20-1B33}	Any Balinese consonant
dv	Tag=dv	15	{1B35-1B43}	Any Balinese dependent vowel
iv	Tag=iv	14	{1B05-1B12}	Any Balinese independent vowel
s	Tag=sign	4	{1B02-1B04 1B44}	Any Balinese sign
implicit	Tag=sc:Bali	65	{1B02-1B1E 1B20-1B33 1B35-1B44}	Any character tagged as Balinese
implicit	Tag=sc:Zyyy	1	{002D}	Any character tagged as Common

Legend

Members or Ranges: Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt: A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit: An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value and for which there is no named equivalent.

Whole label evaluation and context rules

Number of rules	6
Used to trigger actions	1
Used as context rule (C)	5
Anchored context rules	5

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name	Regular Expression	Used as Trigger	Anchor	Used as Context	Ref	Comment
hyphen-minus-disallowed	`((((start))← ⚓︎)\|(⚓︎ →((end)))\|(((start)..\u002D)← ⚓︎))`		✔	C		RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS ⍟
leading-combining-mark	`(start)[\p{gc=Mn}][\p{gc=Mc}]`	✔			[150]	RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
disallow-for-1B44	`((((start)\|\u002D\|[:s:]\|[:dv:])← ⚓︎)\|(([:c:]\u1B44[:c:])← ⚓︎ →([:c:])))`		✔	C		WLE Rule 1: 1B44 cannot be at the first position. It cannot follow a sign including itself. It cannot follow a dependent vowel. It cannot follow two consecutive consonants to prevent below 2-base stacking.
follows-c-or-iv	`([:c:]\|[:iv:])← ⚓︎`		✔	C		WLE Rule 2: Dependent vowel, except 1B35, must follow a consonant or an independent vowel.
follows-c	`([:c:])← ⚓︎`		✔	C		WLE Rule 3: 1B35 must follow a consonant.
follows-c-or-iv-or-dv	`([:c:]\|[:iv:]\|[:dv:])← ⚓︎`		✔	C		WLE Rule 2: Dependent vowel, except 1B35, must follow a consonant or an independent vowel.

Legend

Used as Trigger: This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context: This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor: This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression: A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓︎ - context anchor: Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(?<=...) - look-behind: If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
(?=...) - look-ahead: If present encloses required context following the anchor.
( ) - group: An anonymous nested rule is used to group match operators.
(... | ...) - choice: When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
^ or $ - start or end: ^ matches the start of the label; $ matches the end of the label.
. - any code point: . matches any code point.
[: :] - named or implicit character set: Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property: Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
⍟ - default rule: Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

#	Condition	Rule / Variant Set		Disposition	Comment
1	if label matches	leading-combining-mark	→	invalid	RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
2	if at least one variant is in	{blocked}	→	blocked	any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
3	if any label (catch-all)		→	valid	catch all; default action ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set: In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action: Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the References section in the Description.

[0]	The Unicode Standard, Version 1.1 Code points cited were originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1
[8]	The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0 Code points cited were originally encoded in Unicode Version 5.0
[112]	Pramartha, C., Iswara, I. B. A. I., Suputra, I. P. G. H., & Dwidasmara, I. B. G., (2021). Digital Humanities: Prototype Development for Balinese Script. In M. Ioannides, E. Fink, L. Cantoni, & E. Champion (Eds.), Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection, (pp. 205-214). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73043-7_17
[116]	Suwija, I. N. (2012). Ngiring Nulis Bali. Wineka Media.
[117]	Tinggen, I. N. (1993). Pasang aksara Bali: celah-celah kunci.
[119]	The Unicode Standard, Balinese. Range: 1B00–1B7F Version 14.0. https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B00.pdf
[120]	Antara, I. G. N., Medera, N., Semadi, A. A. G. P., Sulibra, I. K. N., Yasa, P. E. G., & Nala, M. B. A. (2023). Pedoman Pasang Aksara Bali (I. N. Suarka & I. W. Suardiana Eds.): Dinas Kebudayaan Provinsi Bali in cooperation with Lembaga Bahasa, Aksara dan Sastra Bali.
[150]	RFC 5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications(IDNA): Protocol https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891