Reference LGR for script: Balinese (Bali) lgr-second-level-balinese-rsp-full-variant-script-25oct24-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2024-10-25
LGR Version 1 (Second Level Reference LGR)
Language und-Bali (Balinese Script)
Unicode Version 14.0.0

Description

RSP FULL VARIANTS LGR

This file has been modified from the cited reference LGR by mechanically injecting the complete (maximal) set of out-of-repertoire code points and cross-repertoire variants from the Common LGR, including any that are imposed by the required symmetry and transitivity of the maximal variant set. These additions are marked with "(injected)" in comments.

Any other LGR elements, such as character classes, context and WLE rules required for processing with the augmented LGR are also imported.

Any existing LGR elements that might pose a possible conflict when the LGR is used with the Common LGR for cross-repertoire variant resolution are clearly marked.

Note that existing annotations, comments and descriptions have been retained largely unchanged. Other than this notice, no effort has been made to reflect the presence of any of the added elements or the purpose and intended use of this label generation file.

To distinguish any generated annotations from those that were part of the original content of the LGR, they use color.

Created using: lgr-second-level-balinese-script-25oct24-en and lgr-second-level-common-25oct24-en

Reference Label Generation Rules for the Balinese Script

Overview

This document specifies a set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Balinese script using a script-specific repertoire for the second level domain or domains identified above. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940]. This LGR is adapted from the “Reference LGR for the Second Level for the Balinese Script” [Ref-LGR-und-Bali], for details, see Change History below.

Standalone LGR: This LGR is designed to be used in a zone that does not cater to IDNs other than those valid under this LGR. This LGR lacks features that would allow its use in the context of another LGR in the same zone, and it may contain other features incompatible with such use.

For details and additional background on the Balinese script, see "Balinese Script Reference Label Generation Rules for Second-Level Domain Names" [Proposal-Balinese].

Repertoire

This LGR includes the 65 Balinese letters and signs selected from Section 5.1 “Included Code Points” in [Proposal-Balinese].

For the second level, the repertoire has been augmented with U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS, for a total of 66 repertoire elements.

Repertoire Listing: Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts with which the code point is used and one or more other character categories. For each repertoire element, one or more references document sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire; see the “References” below.

Excluded Characters

The Common (ASCII) digits are not used with Balinese. The native digits in the Balinese script are not included because some of them share a similar shape with ordinary letters, which could pose a security risk. For example: U+1B52 ᭒ Balinese digit two and letter U+1B0D ᬍ la lenga, as well as U+1B58 ᭘ Balinese digit eight and U+1B28 ᬨ letter pa kapal typically have identical appearance. While some fonts may distinguish the latter they are depicted as identical in the Unicode code charts [UNICODE 14.0.0].

The sign U+1B34  ᬴  nukta is seldom found being used today and therefore not included here.

The following lists the excluded Balinese script code points:

U+1B00  ᬀ  BALINESE SIGN ULU RICEM (Dependent vowel)

U+1B01  ᬁ  BALINESE SIGN ULU CANDRA (Sign)

U+1B1F ᬟ BALINESE LETTER DA MURDA ALPAPRANA (Consonant)

U+1B34  ᬴  BALINESE SIGN REREKAN (Sign)

U+1B50 ᭐ BALINESE DIGIT ZERO (Digit)

U+1B51 ᭑ BALINESE DIGIT ONE (Digit)

U+1B52 ᭒ BALINESE DIGIT TWO (Digit)

U+1B53 ᭓ BALINESE DIGIT THREE (Digit)

U+1B54 ᭔ BALINESE DIGIT FOUR (Digit)

U+1B55 ᭕ BALINESE DIGIT FIVE (Digit)

U+1B56 ᭖ BALINESE DIGIT SIX (Digit)

U+1B57 ᭗ BALINESE DIGIT SEVEN (Digit)

U+1B58 ᭘ BALINESE DIGIT EIGHT (Digit)

U+1B59 ᭙ BALINESE DIGIT NINE (Digit)

See Section 5.2 “Excluded Code Points” in [Proposal-Balinese].

Variants

This LGR defines a number of in-script variants because they produce the same sound and are perceived as equivalent by script users. Following a thorough analysis described in Section 6.2 “Cross-script Variants”of [Proposal-Balinese] no cross-script variants have been identified based on any discernable similarity with another script or otherwise required for the security of the Balinese LGR.

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type “blocked”, making labels that differ only by these variants mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other equivalent labels should be blocked. There is no preference among these labels.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

The specification of variants in this LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

The Balinese script is an abugida where syllables consist of a consonant or independent vowel with attached dependent vowels and signs. This leads to the following classification of characters:

  • Consonant — each consonant in Balinese has a consonant-vowel sequences are written as a unit.
  • Dependent Vowel — dependent vowels must follow a consonant or an independent vowel.
  • Independent Vowel — independent vowels do not need to follow a consonant and may be followed by a dependent vowel
  • Sign — there are two signs used for Balinese that qualify for use in IDNs

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Common Rules

By default, the LGR includes the rules and actions to implement the following restrictions mandated by the IDNA protocol. They are marked with ⍟.

  • Hyphen Restrictions — restrictions on the allowable placement of hyphens (no leading/ending hyphen and no hyphen in positions 3 and 4). These restrictions are described in Section 4.2.3.1 of RFC 5891 [150]. They are implemented here as context rule on U+002D (-) HYPHEN-MINUS.
  • Leading Combining Marks — restrictions on the allowable placement of combining marks (no leading combining mark). This rule is described in Section 4.2.3.2 of RFC 5891 [150].

Script-specific rules in this LGR already prevent combining marks in leading position making the "leading-combining-mark" rule technically redundant. It is retained here for consistency.

Default Actions

This LGR includes the default actions for LGRs as well as the action needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].

Script-specific Rules

This LGR defines the following rules that enforce basic structural rules of the Balinese script. The motivation is to prevent structurally meaningless sequences for which rendering systems or fonts are not prepared as opposed to enforcing spelling rules for any given language.

  • follows-c — a context rule that ensures U+1B35  ᬵ  must follow a consonant.
  • follows-c-or-iv — a context rule that ensures that, with the exception of U+1B35  ᬵ , all dependent vowels must follow a consonant or independent vowel.
  • disallowed-for-1B44 — U+1B44  ᭄  which functions as virama cannot be at the first position. It cannot follow a sign including itself. It cannot follow a dependent vowel. It cannot follow two consecutive consonants to prevent below 2-base stacking. This is implemented as a context rule defining the prohibited contexts.
  • follows-c-or-iv-or-dv — a context rule that ensures signs may follow any code point other than another sign or hyphen.

Methodology

This Second Level Reference LGR for the Balinese Script was developed by the Balinese community and edited by Asmus Freytag and Michel Suignard, based on community feedback and public review.

Changes from Version Dated 25 October 2024

This version modifies the Second Level Reference LGR for the Balinese Script [Ref-LGR-und-Bali] by injecting the complete (maximal) set of cross-repertoire variants, including any imposed by transitivity. Injected variants are marked by special comments. Any character classes, context and WLE rules required for testing are also imported. In all other respects, description or annotations have not been updated to reflect the injected variants. Any LGR elements that might pose a possible conflict when the LGR is used with the Common LGR for cross-repertoire variant resolution are clearly marked. All modifications are carried out mechanically; there may be an occasional context rule or similar that is injected because its definition relates to some repertoire element even though it can never be triggered by any label valid under the modified LGR.

References

This document cites the following general references.

[Guidelines]
ICANN, “Guidelines for Developing Reference LGRs for the Second Level”, (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 27 May 2020),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/lgr-guidelines-second-level-27may20-en.pdf
[Level-2-Overview]
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, (ICANN),“Reference Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Second Level: Overview and Summary” (PDF), (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 25 October 2024),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/level2-lgr-overview-summary-25oct24-en.pdf
[Proposal-Balinese]
"Balinese Script Reference Label Generation Rules for Second-Level Domain Names", 12 September 2024,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-balinese-second-level-12Sep24-en.pdf
[Ref-LGR-und-Bali]
ICANN, Second Level Reference Label Generation Rules for the Balinese Script (und-Bali), 25 October 2024 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-balinese-script-25oct24-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation:
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-balinese-script-25oct24-en.html
[RFC 7940]
Davies, K. and A. Freytag, “Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML”, RFC 7940, August 2016,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
A. Freytag, “Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels”, RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[UNICODE 14.0.0]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 14.0.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2021. ISBN 978-1-936213-29-0)
https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode14.0.0/

References [0] to [8] refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [112] and above correspond to sources given in [Proposal-Balinese] justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. In the listing of whole label evaluation and context rules, reference [150] indicates the source for common rules.

Repertoire

Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire 66
Out-of-repertoire variants 1
Total entries in table 67
Longest code point sequence 1

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code
Point		 Glyph Script Name Ref Tags Required Context Part of
Repertoire		 Variants Comment
U+002D - Common HYPHEN-MINUS     not: hyphen-minus-disallowed ✔ set 1  
U+00B7 · Common MIDDLE DOT       ✗ set 1 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1B02  ᬂ Balinese BALINESE SIGN CECEK [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] sign follows-c-or-iv-or-dv ✔    
U+1B03  ᬃ Balinese BALINESE SIGN SURANG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] sign follows-c-or-iv-or-dv ✔    
U+1B04  ᬄ Balinese BALINESE SIGN BISAH [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] sign follows-c-or-iv-or-dv ✔    
U+1B05 ᬅ Balinese BALINESE LETTER AKARA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B06 ᬆ Balinese BALINESE LETTER AKARA TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B07 ᬇ Balinese BALINESE LETTER IKARA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B08 ᬈ Balinese BALINESE LETTER IKARA TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B09 ᬉ Balinese BALINESE LETTER UKARA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B0A ᬊ Balinese BALINESE LETTER UKARA TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B0B ᬋ Balinese BALINESE LETTER RA REPA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B0C ᬌ Balinese BALINESE LETTER RA REPA TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B0D ᬍ Balinese BALINESE LETTER LA LENGA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B0E ᬎ Balinese BALINESE LETTER LA LENGA TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B0F ᬏ Balinese BALINESE LETTER EKARA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B10 ᬐ Balinese BALINESE LETTER AIKARA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B11 ᬑ Balinese BALINESE LETTER OKARA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B12 ᬒ Balinese BALINESE LETTER OKARA TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] iv   ✔    
U+1B13 ᬓ Balinese BALINESE LETTER KA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 2  
U+1B14 ᬔ Balinese BALINESE LETTER KA MAHAPRANA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 2  
U+1B15 ᬕ Balinese BALINESE LETTER GA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 3  
U+1B16 ᬖ Balinese BALINESE LETTER GA GORA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 3  
U+1B17 ᬗ Balinese BALINESE LETTER NGA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔    
U+1B18 ᬘ Balinese BALINESE LETTER CA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 4  
U+1B19 ᬙ Balinese BALINESE LETTER CA LACA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 4  
U+1B1A ᬚ Balinese BALINESE LETTER JA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 5  
U+1B1B ᬛ Balinese BALINESE LETTER JA JERA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 5  
U+1B1C ᬜ Balinese BALINESE LETTER NYA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔    
U+1B1D ᬝ Balinese BALINESE LETTER TA LATIK [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 6  
U+1B1E ᬞ Balinese BALINESE LETTER TA MURDA MAHAPRANA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 6  
U+1B20 ᬠ Balinese BALINESE LETTER DA MURDA MAHAPRANA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 7  
U+1B21 ᬡ Balinese BALINESE LETTER NA RAMBAT [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 8  
U+1B22 ᬢ Balinese BALINESE LETTER TA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 6  
U+1B23 ᬣ Balinese BALINESE LETTER TA TAWA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 6  
U+1B24 ᬤ Balinese BALINESE LETTER DA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 7  
U+1B25 ᬥ Balinese BALINESE LETTER DA MADU [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 7  
U+1B26 ᬦ Balinese BALINESE LETTER NA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 8  
U+1B27 ᬧ Balinese BALINESE LETTER PA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 9  
U+1B28 ᬨ Balinese BALINESE LETTER PA KAPAL [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 9  
U+1B29 ᬩ Balinese BALINESE LETTER BA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 10  
U+1B2A ᬪ Balinese BALINESE LETTER BA KEMBANG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 10  
U+1B2B ᬫ Balinese BALINESE LETTER MA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔    
U+1B2C ᬬ Balinese BALINESE LETTER YA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔    
U+1B2D ᬭ Balinese BALINESE LETTER RA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔    
U+1B2E ᬮ Balinese BALINESE LETTER LA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔    
U+1B2F ᬯ Balinese BALINESE LETTER WA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔    
U+1B30 ᬰ Balinese BALINESE LETTER SA SAGA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 11  
U+1B31 ᬱ Balinese BALINESE LETTER SA SAPA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 11  
U+1B32 ᬲ Balinese BALINESE LETTER SA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔ set 11  
U+1B33 ᬳ Balinese BALINESE LETTER HA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] consonant   ✔    
U+1B35  ᬵ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c ✔    
U+1B36  ᬶ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN ULU [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B37  ᬷ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN ULU SARI [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B38  ᬸ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B39  ᬹ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN SUKU ILUT [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B3A  ᬺ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN RA REPA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B3B  ᬻ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN RA REPA TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B3C  ᬼ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN LA LENGA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B3D  ᬽ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN LA LENGA TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B3E  ᬾ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B3F  ᬿ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING REPA [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B40  ᭀ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B41  ᭁ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN TALING REPA TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B42  ᭂ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B43  ᭃ Balinese BALINESE VOWEL SIGN PEPET TEDUNG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] dv follows-c-or-iv ✔    
U+1B44  ᭄ Balinese BALINESE ADEG ADEG [8], [112], [116], [117], [119], [120] sign not: disallow-for-1B44 ✔    

Legend

Code Point
A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph
The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common.
Name
Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database.
Ref
Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view.
Required Context
Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment
The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.
✔ - core repertoire
A check mark in the Part-of-repertoire column indicates a code point is part of the core repertoire.
✗ - out-of-repertoire
A code point shown with ✗ is not part of the repertoire. It is listed only because it is the target of an out-of-repertoire-var variant mapping.

Variants

Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets 11
Largest variant set 4
Ordinary Variants by Type
blocked 40
Reflexive Variants by Type
out-of-repertoire-var 1

Variant Sets

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and variant sets for each context are disjoint, but code points that have variants with multiple contexts are members of more than one set.

Common Legend

Source
By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
→ - forward
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
← - reverse
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
↔ - both
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
≡ - reflexive
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
Type
The type of the variant mapping, including predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”; or any that are defined specifically for this LGR. A reflexive variant type “out-of-repertoire-var” designates the target as not part of the repertoire; it is required as target for one or more variant mappings that cross repertoire boundaries. In this LGR, types for variants between out-of-repertoire code points are shown in italic while types for pure in-repertoire variants are shown in bold.
Required Context
Link to the rule defining a required context the source must satisfy for the variant mapping to be defined. If prefixed by “not:”, identifies a context that must not occur.
Ref
One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
002D - 00B7 · ↔ blocked Common--surrounded-by-L   (injected)

Variant Set 2 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
1B13 ᬓ 1B14 ᬔ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 3 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
1B15 ᬕ 1B16 ᬖ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
1B18 ᬘ 1B19 ᬙ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
1B1A ᬚ 1B1B ᬛ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 6 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
1B1D ᬝ 1B1E ᬞ ↔ blocked    
1B1D ᬝ 1B22 ᬢ ↔ blocked    
1B1D ᬝ 1B23 ᬣ ↔ blocked    
1B1E ᬞ 1B22 ᬢ ↔ blocked    
1B1E ᬞ 1B23 ᬣ ↔ blocked    
1B22 ᬢ 1B23 ᬣ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 7 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
1B20 ᬠ 1B24 ᬤ ↔ blocked    
1B20 ᬠ 1B25 ᬥ ↔ blocked    
1B24 ᬤ 1B25 ᬥ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 8 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
1B21 ᬡ 1B26 ᬦ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
1B27 ᬧ 1B28 ᬨ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
1B29 ᬩ 1B2A ᬪ ↔ blocked    

Variant Set 11 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
1B30 ᬰ 1B31 ᬱ ↔ blocked    
1B30 ᬰ 1B32 ᬲ ↔ blocked    
1B31 ᬱ 1B32 ᬲ ↔ blocked    

Classes, Rules and Actions

Character Classes

Number of named classes 4

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges Ref Comment
c Tag=consonant 32 {1B13-1B1E 1B20-1B33}   Any Balinese consonant
dv Tag=dv 15 {1B35-1B43}   Any Balinese dependent vowel
iv Tag=iv 14 {1B05-1B12}   Any Balinese independent vowel
s Tag=sign 4 {1B02-1B04 1B44}   Any Balinese sign

Legend

Members or Ranges
Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
m→n
Indicates a set for which only n of its m members fall inside the repertoire.
Tag=ttt
A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Prop=ppp:vvv
A named class defined by reference to value vvv of Unicode property ppp.
Explicit
A named class defined by explicitly listing all its members.
Implicit
An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value and for which there is no named equivalent.
Combined
A named class defined by set operations on other classes using the following syntax:
[ ] - explicit character set
For explicit character sets that are part of a rule, only those members are shown that are defined in this LGR.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
[&&, -, ^] - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators (&& = intersection, - = difference, ^ = symmetric difference) or concatenated (union).
∅= - empty set
Indicates that the following set is empty because of the result of set operations, or because none of its elements is part of the repertoire defined here. A rule with a non-optional empty set never matches.

Whole label evaluation and context rules

Number of rules 7
Used to trigger actions 1
Used as context rule (C) 5
Used as context rule (V) 1
Anchored context rules 6

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name Regular Expression Used as
Trigger		 Anchor Used as
Context		 Ref Comment
hyphen-minus-disallowed ((((start))← ⚓︎)|(⚓︎ →((end)))|(((start)..\u002D)← ⚓︎))   ✔ C   RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS ⍟
leading-combining-mark (start)[\p{gc=Mn}][\p{gc=Mc}] ✔     [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
disallow-for-1B44 ((((start)|\u002D|[:s:]|[:dv:])← ⚓︎)|(([:c:]\u1B44[:c:])← ⚓︎ →([:c:])))   ✔ C   WLE Rule 1: 1B44 cannot be at the first position. It cannot follow a sign including itself. It cannot follow a dependent vowel. It cannot follow two consecutive consonants to prevent below 2-base stacking.
follows-c-or-iv ([:c:]|[:iv:])← ⚓︎   ✔ C   WLE Rule 2: Dependent vowel, except 1B35, must follow a consonant or an independent vowel.
follows-c ([:c:])← ⚓︎   ✔ C   WLE Rule 3: 1B35 must follow a consonant.
follows-c-or-iv-or-dv ([:c:]|[:iv:]|[:dv:])← ⚓︎   ✔ C   WLE Rule 2: Dependent vowel, except 1B35, must follow a consonant or an independent vowel.
Common--surrounded-by-L (\u006C)← ⚓︎ →(\u006C)   ✔ V   code point both follows and precedes L, required context for Ela Geminada ⍟ (injected, but possibly optional)

Legend

Used as Trigger
This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓︎ - context anchor
Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(?<=...) - look-behind
If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
(?=...) - look-ahead
If present encloses required context following the anchor.
( ) - group
An anonymous nested rule is used to group match operators.
(... | ...) - choice
When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
^ or $ - start or end
^ matches the start of the label; $ matches the end of the label.
. - any code point
. matches any code point.
*, +, ?, {n,m} - count operators
* indicates 0 or more, + indicates one or more, and ? indicates up to one instance. {n,m} indicates at least n and at most m instances.
[ ] - explicit character set
For explicit character sets that are part of a rule, only those members are shown that are defined in this LGR.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
[&&, -, ^] - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators (&& = intersection, - = difference, ^ = symmetric difference) or concatenated (union).
∅= - empty set
Indicates that the following set is empty because of the result of set operations, or because none of its elements is part of the repertoire defined here. A rule with a non-optional empty set never matches.
⍟ - default rule
Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Actions

Number of actions 4
Default actions 4
Action for variants only 2

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label matches leading-combining-mark → invalid   RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
2 if at least one variant is in {blocked} → blocked   any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
3 if at least one variant is in {out-of-repertoire-var} → invalid   any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟ (injected)
4 if any label (catch-all)   → valid   catch all; default action ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set
In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the References section in the Description.

[0] The Unicode Standard, Version 1.1
Code points cited were originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1
[8] The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0
Code points cited were originally encoded in Unicode Version 5.0
[112] Pramartha, C., Iswara, I. B. A. I., Suputra, I. P. G. H., & Dwidasmara, I. B. G., (2021). Digital Humanities: Prototype Development for Balinese Script. In M. Ioannides, E. Fink, L. Cantoni, & E. Champion (Eds.), Digital Heritage. Progress in Cultural Heritage: Documentation, Preservation, and Protection, (pp. 205-214). Springer International Publishing.
https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73043-7_17
[116] Suwija, I. N. (2012). Ngiring Nulis Bali. Wineka Media.
[117] Tinggen, I. N. (1993). Pasang aksara Bali: celah-celah kunci.
[119] The Unicode Standard, Balinese. Range: 1B00–1B7F Version 14.0.
https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1B00.pdf
[120] Antara, I. G. N., Medera, N., Semadi, A. A. G. P., Sulibra, I. K. N., Yasa, P. E. G., & Nala, M. B. A. (2023). Pedoman Pasang Aksara Bali (I. N. Suarka & I. W. Suardiana Eds.): Dinas Kebudayaan Provinsi Bali in cooperation with Lembaga Bahasa, Aksara dan Sastra Bali.
[150] RFC 5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications(IDNA): Protocol
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891