Reference LGR for language: Arabic (ar) lgr-second-level-arabic-rsp-full-variant-language-25oct24-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2024-10-25
LGR Version 3 (Second Level Reference LGR)
Language ar (Arabic Language)
Unicode Version 11.0.0

Description

RSP FULL VARIANTS LGR

This file has been modified from the cited reference LGR by mechanically injecting the complete (maximal) set of out-of-repertoire code points and cross-repertoire variants from the Common LGR, including any that are imposed by the required symmetry and transitivity of the maximal variant set. These additions are marked with "(injected)" in comments.

Any other LGR elements, such as character classes, context and WLE rules required for processing with the augmented LGR are also imported.

Any existing LGR elements that might pose a possible conflict when the LGR is used with the Common LGR for cross-repertoire variant resolution are clearly marked.

Note that existing annotations, comments and descriptions have been retained largely unchanged. Other than this notice, no effort has been made to reflect the presence of any of the added elements or the purpose and intended use of this label generation file.

To distinguish any generated annotations from those that were part of the original content of the LGR, they use color.

Created using: lgr-second-level-arabic-language-25oct24-en and lgr-second-level-common-25oct24-en

Label Generation Rules for the Arabic Language

Overview

This document specifies a set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Arabic language for the second level domain or domains identified above. The ultimate starting point for the development of this LGR can be found in the related Root Zone LGR [RZ-LGR-Arab]. Note that while it is the Arabic Script Root Zone LGR that forms the starting point, the LGR defined here covers the Arabic Language. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940]. This LGR is adapted from the “Reference LGR for the Second Level for the Arabic Language” [Ref-LGR-ar-Arab], for details, see Change History below.

For details and additional background on the Arabic script, see “Proposal for Arabic Script Root Zone LGR”, Version 3.4, 18 November 2015 [Proposal-Arabic]. Additional work was done by a TF-AIDN group to create extensions appropriate to the second level and these are incorporated in this LGR. (See “Methodology” below).

The document contains certain provisions for customization. (See “Customizing actions for International Reachability” below.)

Standalone LGR: This LGR is designed to be used in a zone that does not cater to IDNs other than those valid under this LGR. This LGR lacks features that would allow its use in the context of another LGR in the same zone, and it may contain other features incompatible with such use.

Repertoire

The repertoire is a subset of the one described in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Arabic] and only includes the 36 code points for letters in active everyday general use in the Arabic language. The repertoire is a subset of [Unicode 11.0.0]. For details, see Section 3.2 in [Proposal-Arabic]. (The proposal cited has been adopted for the Arabic script portion of the Root Zone LGR.)

For the second level, the repertoire has been augmented with the HYPHEN-MINUS, and two sets of decimal digits:

  • European (common) digits
  • Arabic-Indic digits

for a total of 57 repertoire elements.

This LGR does not include combining marks or code point sequences. All combining marks have been excluded for these reasons:

  • First, they can significantly overproduce and would require additional rules to contain them effectively, complicating the design.
  • Second, even where they are required for some languages, they are optional for others.
  • Third, this also circumvents the issue regarding duplication between some precomposed code points and combining sequences raised by [IAB].

Any code points outside the Arabic Language repertoire that are targets for out-of-repertoire variants would be included here only if the variant is listed in this file. In this case they are identified as a reflexive (identity) variant of type “out-of-repertoire-var”. Whether or not they are listed, they do not form part of the repertoire.

Repertoire Listing: Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts with which the code point is used and one or more other character categories. For each repertoire element, one or more references document sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire; see the “References” below. For code points in the repertoire, comments identify the language using the code point.

Correlation Between Repertoire and Bidi Rules

Because this LGR contains only a subset of PVALID code points, the Bidi rules expressed in Section 2 of RFC 5893 [160] (Bidi Rule) can be simplified to two constraints:

  • Prevent digits (whether European, Arabic-Indic, or Extended-Arabic-Indic) from starting a label.
  • In any label, allow only digits from one the sets (whether European, Arabic-Indic, or Extended-Arabic-Indic).

Variants

This LGR is designed for use in zones shared by more than one language. For details, see Section 3, “Use of Multiple Reference LGRs in the Same Zone” in [Level-2-Overview]. Where appropriate, cross-language variants have been defined to mutually exclude labels from different languages that could otherwise be substituted by the users. Once a label has been delegated for one language, any of its variant labels consisting entirely of cross-language variants would be blocked. Any label containing at least one code point that is not a cross-language variant would be considered distinct. Because of that, even large numbers of defined cross-language variants generally do not lead to a high percentage of labels experiencing a collision.

Digit Variants: All Arabic digits are treated as semantic variants of the corresponding common (ASCII) digits. By transitivity, they are also semantic variants of any native digits in scripts that also include the common digits. Such variant relations are deemed to exist implicitly by transitivity but are not listed explicitly in each reference LGR. Instead, if needed, they are applied by using the Common LGR in label processing.

Because of the restriction on leading digits, most labels would contain a unique code point in addition to any digits, thus no variant labels would actually result from any pro-forma cross-script variants.

To keep digit variant sets manageable in zones where multiple scripts are present, no attempt has been made at identifying cross-script variants among digits of different numeric value or between a digit in one script and a letter in another, such as between digit zero and Latin letter ‘o’. Other mechanisms may be required to prevent homograph labels.

Variant Disposition: This LGR includes “blocked” and “allocatable” variants, assigned according to Section 4, “Final recommendation of variants for Top Level Domains (TLDs)” in [Proposal-Arabic]. These recommendations balance the desire to minimize the number of possible allocatable variants with the need to keep the definition of variants simple. See also the comments given in the listing.

For the second level, three additional variant types are added: “optionally-allocatable”, “activated”, and “optionally-activated”. They are used to improve user acceptance. The rationale for these new types is provided below. Note that some of these optional variants map to code points that are not declared as part of the repertoire. If such optional variants are enabled, the reflexive “out-of-repertoire-var” mappings for the targets of these mappings must be removed, lest the generated variants fail to validate.

Methodology for Defining Variants

In generating the variant tables, a number of concepts have been used:

  • When building a variant table, for each code point in the Arabic language repertoire, a full study was conducted across the whole Arabic script in order to identify all possible variants corresponding to the code point. This was done for more protection to the registry’s TLD-space and to minimize the overhead of re-studying when the registry decides to support more than one language from the Arabic script. Hence, conducting this variant study across the whole Arabic script provides an IDN registry with the following benefits:

    • Protection to the registry name space regardless of the supported languages.
    • Doing the work for a language one time. No need to re-study the code-point’s relationship each time a new language (or new set of code point) is supported by the registries.
    • Flexibility to add more language as they become ready without affecting currently supported languages.
    • Consistency with the principle of identifying all possible variants without neglecting or overlooking any similarities without documenting it.
  • One of the main principles for the stability of the Internet and IDNs is that the end user should be able to reach a website connected to his/her domain name regardless of location. Additionally, an end user reads and types website addresses based on his/her language alphabet and whatever is available in his/her keyboard. Therefore, in order to enforce this principle the input devices (language table) that the user may use to reach a domain name (based on the user location) should be carefully considered when defining variants. Otherwise, it may cause a reachability problem and reduce the user acceptance. For example, if someone registered the domain name “مكة” (all characters from the Arabic language) and a user try to reach the website connected to this domain name from an Internet café or airport, say, in Pakistan. He/she will not be able to reach that website unless if the variant “مکۃ” (Urdu variant) is already allocated and activated. Thus, variants need to be studied from both similarity point of view (by language community) and reachability point of view (based on input devices used by other language communities).

  • Consistency is a very important concept in generating variants. Regardless of the selected applied-for label the list of generated allocatable variants should be the same. As we are dealing with normal users at the SLD, their 1st choice (applied-for) label might not be the one that will be used by the internet community. Therefore, a registry should provide the registrant the ability to “correct” his/her choice if he/she was not successful with the first try. For example, the word “Internet” is written in most Arab countries in North Africa as (أنترنت) while it is written in other Arab countries as (إنترنت), while end users often write it as (انترنت). Therefore, if someone registered “أنترنت”, he/she should be able to enable “إنترنت” or “انترنت”. Additionally, many words have two correct ways to write them, for example, both “آدم” and “أدم” are widely used for the same name Adam. Hence, if someone registered “أدم” he/she should be able to enable “آدم” or “ادم”. This is achieved by making variants allocatable in at least one direction in the LGR.

  • Even though we are constructing an LGR at a language level, because we are addressing international reachability, we need to prevent mixing between code points from different language tables while generating a valid variant. Otherwise, some of permuted variants will be composed of characters (code points) that are not part of a single language or they are not easily available for a single input device (keyboard). Therefore, from a practical and realistic point of view, and to significantly minimize the number of allocatable variants and maximize the number of blocked variants, it blocking these unrealistic variants represents best practice.

  • Based on the principle expressed in the previous item, code points not part of the Arabic language repertoire have been added to variant sets to facilitate international reachability. Many of these out-of-repertoire code points are involved in at least one variant mapping of type “activated”, “optionally-activated”, or “optionally-allocatable. The dispositions related to the extended variants may be optionally modified by a registry by editing the appropriate action elements. See the section on “Customizing Actions for International Reachability” for details of how this feature can be made mandatory or disabled.

Note: Please note that the set of supported languages used for implementing the above concepts (namely international reachability and no mixing between languages) is a first version. The set may be updated in the future by adding new languages whenever they become ready.

The specification of variants in this LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

This proposal defines the following named character classes:

  • common-digits — ASCII digits: U+0030 0 to U+0039 9
  • arabic-indic-digits — Arabic-Indic digits used with Arabic: U+0660 ٠ to U+0669 ٩
  • extended arabic-indic-digits — Arabic-Indic digits used with other languages: U+06F0 ۰ to U+06F9 ۹
  • arabic-language — code points used in pure Arabic language labels
  • pashto-language — code points used in pure Pashto language labels
  • persian-language — code points used in pure Persian language labels
  • urdu-language — code points used in pure Urdu language labels
  • dual-joining — joining-type D
  • right-joining — joining-type R
  • joins-to-the right — union of joining-type R and joining-type D

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Common Rules

By default, the LGR includes the rules and actions to implement the following restrictions mandated by the IDNA protocol. They are marked with ⍟.

  • Hyphen Restrictions — restrictions on the allowable placement of hyphens (no leading/ending hyphen and no hyphen in positions 3 and 4). These restrictions are described in Section 4.2.3.1 of RFC 5891 [150]. They are implemented here as context rule on U+002D (-) HYPHEN-MINUS.
  • Leading Combining Marks — restrictions on the allowable placement of combining marks (no leading combining mark). This rule is described in Section 4.2.3.2 of RFC 5891 [150].

Right-to-Left Rules

  • leading-digit — restrictions on the allowable placement of digits in a right-to-left context (no leading digit), (see section 2.1 of RFC 5893 [160]); implemented here as a context rule on each digit.
  • digit-mixing — no mixing between different digit sets (European, Arabic-Indic, and Extended-Arabic-Indic digits) is allowed (see section 2.4 of RFC 5893 [160]); implemented here as a WLE rule with associated action.

Default Actions

This LGR includes the default actions for LGRs as well as the action needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].

Arabic Language-specific Rules

The following rules aim at reducing the allocation of redundant labels.

  • No connected ALEF MAKSURA in the Arabic language — restriction on having ALEF MAKSURA (0649) before a right joining or dual joining code point.
  • No languages mixing in the generated variants — restriction on mixing code points from different language tables. Any variant must be generated using code point taken from a single supported language table.

Arabic Language-specific Actions

The LGR includes several actions that invalidate a label violating the constraints expressed by the Arabic-specific rules. In addition, the three non-default variant mapping types used in this LGR trigger actions that result in variant label dispositions as follows:

  • if at least one variant is in {activated}, force delegation,
  • if at least one variant is in {optionally-activated}, by default the label is allocatable, but the LGR can be customized to force delegation for these variant labels by selecting a different disposition in the corresponding action,
  • if at least one variant is in {optionally-allocatable}, by default the label is blocked, but the LGR can be customized to make the variant label allocatable instead, by selecting a different disposition in the corresponding action.

Variant mappings of type “activated” lead to a disposition of “activated”, which means the variant label should be delegated. This variant type is used here for the variant mappings between European and Arabic-Indic digits, to guarantee that labels differing only by the digit set used will all be delegated. Activated variants are handled by the first action above, and are not affected by the optional customizations described below.

Customizing Actions for International Reachability

As described above, this LGR is designed so that full “international reachability” is optionally available. It can easily be enabled with a small customization.

The disposition for the second of the actions listed above is by default set to “allocatable” which makes the variant available to registrants that would like to support international reachability. Some registry operators may desire to make support for such variants mandatory, in which case the disposition (disp="allocatable" in the XML) for the relevant action could be changed from “allocatable” to “activated” without further changes to the LGR.

The disposition for the last of the actions listed above is by default set to “blocked” which reserves the variants of type “optionally-allocatable”. Some registry operators may desire to support such variants as allocatable, in which case the disposition (disp=“blocked” in the XML) for the relevant action could be changed from “blocked” to “allocatable” without further changes to the LGR.

Note that this LGR allows variant labels containing out-of-repertoire code points to be “allocatable” or “activated”. However, independent of which of the customizations for disposition is chosen above, an original label (as applied for) that contains any of the affected code points would remain unavailable.

Most of the code points involved in labels resulting in “activated” or “allocatable” actions are subject to a “single-language-label” rule to decrease the number of activated or allocatable variants. This is especially a concern for the “activated” action which results in forced delegation.

If optional variant labels are all made allocatable, a significantly large number of allocatable variant labels can potentially be created. Keeping the allocatable variant labels manageable is advised by SSAC in their [SAC060] report. One way to contain such variant labels, as suggested by the Arabic script community, is to allow only the variant labels which are usable and still block those which may be redundant, e.g. cannot be typed from a single keyboard supporting a given language. For this purpose, the no languages mixing rule is part of this LGR.

Furthermore, applying this customization to variant sets involving code points which are not restricted by the “single-language-label” rule should be done with caution. This is especially true for the variant set including the ALEF characters, for which an external policy should be established to ensure that only a strictly limited number of variant labels are allocated. It may not be possible to create a general policy that determines which of the variants from among a potential large variant pool are indeed suitable; therefore, the selection may have to be left as a choice to the registrant, but within a strict cap on their number.

Methodology and Contributors

The LGR in this document has been adapted from the corresponding Reference LGR for the Second Level. The Second Level Reference LGR for the Arabic Language has been edited by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, based on extensive community input. That LGR is based on the Root Zone LGR for Arabic and relies on information contained or referenced therein, see [RZ-LGR-Arab]. Suitable extensions for the second level have been applied according to the [Guidelines] and with community input. The specific features related to the Arabic Language LGR were drafted by a TF-AIDN sub-group (namely in alphabetical order: Abdalmonem Tharwat Galila , Abdeslam Nasri , Abdulaziz Al-Zoman, Abdulrahman Alghadir, Hazem Hezzah, Nabil Benamar, Raed Alfayez, Tarik Merghani). In addition, Sarmad Hussain provided editorial support.

For more information on methodology and contributors to the underlying Root Zone LGR, see Section 2 and Appendix H in [Proposal-Arabic], as well as [RZ-LGR-Overview].

Changes from Version Dated 13 January 2021

Language tag has been updated.

Changes from Version Dated 18 May 2021

Unicode Version has been updated.

Changes from Version Dated 25 October 2024

This version modifies the Second Level Reference LGR for the Arabic Language [Ref-LGR-ar-Arab] by injecting the complete (maximal) set of cross-repertoire variants, including any imposed by transitivity. Injected variants are marked by special comments. Any character classes, context and WLE rules required for testing are also imported. In all other respects, description or annotations have not been updated to reflect the injected variants. Any LGR elements that might pose a possible conflict when the LGR is used with the Common LGR for cross-repertoire variant resolution are clearly marked. All modifications are carried out mechanically; there may be an occasional context rule or similar that is injected because its definition relates to some repertoire element even though it can never be triggered by any label valid under the modified LGR.

References

General references for the language

The following general references cited in this document

[Guidelines]
ICANN, “Guidelines for Developing Reference LGRs for the Second Level”, (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 27 May 2020),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/lgr-guidelines-second-level-27may20-en.pdf
[IAB]
Internet Architecture Board (IAB), “IAB Statement on Identifiers and Unicode 7.0.0"
https://www.iab.org/documents/correspondence-reports-documents/2015-2/iab-statement-on-identifiers-and-unicode-7-0-0/
[IDN-GUIDE]
Saudi Network Information Center, “Guidelines Rules for writing Arabic IDNs under the IDN ccTLD (السعودية.)”
https://nic.net.sa/docs/Guidelines_for_writing_Arabic_IDNs_under_the_IDN_ccTLD_V1.2-en.pdf
[Level-2-Overview]
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, (ICANN),“Reference Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Second Level: Overview and Summary” (PDF), (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 25 October 2024),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/level2-lgr-overview-summary-25oct24-en.pdf
[MSR-5]
Integration Panel, “Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-5 Overview and Rationale”, 24 June 2021,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-5-overview-24jun21-en.pdf
[Proposal-Arabic]
TF-AIDN, “Proposal for Arabic Script Root Zone LGR”, Version 3.4, 18 November 2015
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/arabic-lgr-proposal-18nov15-en.pdf
[RFC 5564]
RFC 5564, El-Sherbiny, et al. “Linguistic Guidelines for the Use of the Arabic Language in Internet Domains”, RFC5564, February 2010,
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5564
[RFC 6365]
Hoffman, P. and J. Klensin, “Terminology Used in Internationalization in the IETF”, BCP 166, RFC 6365, DOI 10.17487/RFC6365, September 2011,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6365
[RFC 7940]
Davies, K. and A. Freytag, “Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML”, RFC 7940, August 2016,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
A. Freytag, “Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels”, RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[RZ-LGR-Overview]
Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ LGR-5): Overview and Summary”, 26 May 2022 (PDF),
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-overview-26may22-en.pdf
[RZ-LGR-Arab]
ICANN,, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Arabic Script”, (Last published as part of RZ-LGR-5, see
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-overview-26may22-en.pdf)
[SAC060]
ICANN Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC), “SSAC Comment on Examining the User Experience Implications of Active Variant TLDs Report”, 23 July 2013,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/sac-060-en.pdf
[TF-AIDN]
Fahd Batayneh, Blog, “Task Force for Arabic Script IDNs”, 23 May 2014,
https://community.icann.org/display/MES/Task+Force+on+Arabic+Script+IDNs
workspace:
https://community.icann.org/display/MES/TF-AIDN+Work+Space
[Ref-LGR-ar-Arab]
ICANN, Second Level Reference Label Generation Rules for the Arabic Language (ar-Arab), 25 October 2024 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-arabic-language-25oct24-en.xml
non-normative HTML presentation:
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-arabic-language-25oct24-en.html
[Unicode 11.0.0]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 11.0.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2018. ISBN 978-1-936213-19-1)
https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/
[VIP]
Internationalized Domain Names Variant Issues Project, “Arabic Case Study Team Issues Report”, 7 October 2011,
https://archive.icann.org/en/topics/new-gtlds/arabic-vip-issues-report-07oct11-en.pdf

For references consulted particularly in designing the repertoire for the Arabic language LGR for the second level, please see details in the Table of References below. Reference [0] refers to Unicode Standard version in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [100] and above correspond to sources justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. In the listing of whole label evaluation and context rules, references [150] and [160] indicate the source for common rules.

Repertoire

Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire 57
Out-of-repertoire variants 112
Total entries in table 169
Number of code points
for each script
Arabic 65
Common 11
Longest code point sequence 1

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code
Point
Glyph Script Name Ref Tags Required Context Part of
Repertoire
Variants Comment
U+002D - Common HYPHEN-MINUS [0]   not: hyphen-minus-disallowed set 1
U+0030 0 Common DIGIT ZERO [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 2 (context not found in "Common")
U+0031 1 Common DIGIT ONE [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 3 (context not found in "Common")
U+0032 2 Common DIGIT TWO [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 4 (context not found in "Common")
U+0033 3 Common DIGIT THREE [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 5 (context not found in "Common")
U+0034 4 Common DIGIT FOUR [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 6 (context not found in "Common")
U+0035 5 Common DIGIT FIVE [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 7 (context not found in "Common")
U+0036 6 Common DIGIT SIX [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 8 (context not found in "Common")
U+0037 7 Common DIGIT SEVEN [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 9 (context not found in "Common")
U+0038 8 Common DIGIT EIGHT [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 10 (context not found in "Common")
U+0039 9 Common DIGIT NINE [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 11 (context not found in "Common")
U+00B7 · Common MIDDLE DOT       set 1 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0621 ء Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAMZA [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0622 آ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE [0], [100]     set 12 Arabic
U+0623 أ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [100]     set 12 Arabic
U+0624 ؤ Arabic ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [100]     set 13 Arabic
U+0625 إ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW [0], [100]     set 12 Arabic
U+0626 ئ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [100]     set 14 Arabic
U+0627 ا Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF [0], [100]     set 12 Arabic
U+0628 ب Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0629 ة Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA [0], [100]     set 15 Arabic
U+062A ت Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH [0], [100]     set 16 Arabic
U+062B ث Arabic ARABIC LETTER THEH [0], [100]     set 17 Arabic
U+062C ج Arabic ARABIC LETTER JEEM [0], [100]       Arabic
U+062D ح Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+062E خ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KHAH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+062F د Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0630 ذ Arabic ARABIC LETTER THAL [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0631 ر Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0632 ز Arabic ARABIC LETTER ZAIN [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0633 س Arabic ARABIC LETTER SEEN [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0634 ش Arabic ARABIC LETTER SHEEN [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0635 ص Arabic ARABIC LETTER SAD [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0636 ض Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAD [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0637 ط Arabic ARABIC LETTER TAH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0638 ظ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ZAH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0639 ع Arabic ARABIC LETTER AIN [0], [100]       Arabic
U+063A غ Arabic ARABIC LETTER GHAIN [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0641 ف Arabic ARABIC LETTER FEH [0], [100]     set 18 Arabic
U+0642 ق Arabic ARABIC LETTER QAF [0], [100]     set 18 Arabic
U+0643 ك Arabic ARABIC LETTER KAF [0], [100]     set 19 Arabic
U+0644 ل Arabic ARABIC LETTER LAM [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0645 م Arabic ARABIC LETTER MEEM [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0646 ن Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON [0], [100]     set 20 Arabic
U+0647 ه Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH [0], [100]     set 15 Arabic
U+0648 و Arabic ARABIC LETTER WAW [0], [100]     set 13 Arabic
U+0649 ى Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA [0], [100]   not: initial-or-medial-position set 14 Arabic
U+064A ي Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH [0], [100]     set 14 Arabic
U+0660 ٠ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 2
U+0661 ١ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 3
U+0662 ٢ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 4
U+0663 ٣ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 5
U+0664 ٤ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 6
U+0665 ٥ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 7
U+0666 ٦ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 8
U+0667 ٧ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 9
U+0668 ٨ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 10
U+0669 ٩ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 11
U+0672 ٲ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE       set 12 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+067A ٺ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH       set 16 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+067B ٻ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEEH       set 14 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+067D ٽ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS       set 17 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+06A2 ڢ Arabic ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW       set 18 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+06A7 ڧ Arabic ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE       set 18 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+06A9 ک Arabic ARABIC LETTER KEHEH [0], [108], [109], [112]     set 19 Pashto, Persian, Urdu; Not available for original label
U+06AA ڪ Arabic ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF       set 19 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+06BA ں Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA [0], [112]     set 20 Urdu; Not available for original label
U+06BE ھ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE [0], [112]     set 15 Urdu; Not available for original label
U+06C0 ۀ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE       set 15 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+06C1 ہ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL [0], [112]     set 15 Urdu; Not available for original label
U+06C2 ۂ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE       set 15 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+06C3 ۃ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA GOAL [0], [126]     set 15 Urdu; Not available for original label
U+06CC ی Arabic ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH [0], [108], [109], [112]     set 14 Pashto, Persian, Urdu; Not available for original label
U+06CD ۍ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TAIL [0], [108]     set 14 Pashto; Not available for original label
U+06D0 ې Arabic ARABIC LETTER E [0], [108]     set 14 Pashto; Not available for original label
U+06D2 ے Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE [0], [112]     set 14 Urdu; Not available for original label
U+06D5 ە Arabic ARABIC LETTER AE       set 15 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+06F0 ۰ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 2  
U+06F1 ۱ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 3  
U+06F2 ۲ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 4  
U+06F3 ۳ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 5  
U+06F4 ۴ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 6  
U+06F5 ۵ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 7  
U+06F6 ۶ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 8  
U+06F7 ۷ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 9  
U+06F8 ۸ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 10  
U+06F9 ۹ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 11  
U+0966 Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT ZERO       set 2 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0967 Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT ONE       set 3 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0968 Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT TWO       set 4 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0969 Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE       set 5 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+096A Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT FOUR       set 6 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+096B Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE       set 7 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+096C Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT SIX       set 8 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+096D Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT SEVEN       set 9 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+096E Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT       set 10 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+096F Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE       set 11 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+09E6 Bengali BENGALI DIGIT ZERO       set 2 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+09E7 Bengali BENGALI DIGIT ONE       set 3 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+09E8 Bengali BENGALI DIGIT TWO       set 4 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+09E9 Bengali BENGALI DIGIT THREE       set 5 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+09EA Bengali BENGALI DIGIT FOUR       set 6 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+09EB Bengali BENGALI DIGIT FIVE       set 7 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+09EC Bengali BENGALI DIGIT SIX       set 8 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+09ED Bengali BENGALI DIGIT SEVEN       set 9 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+09EE Bengali BENGALI DIGIT EIGHT       set 10 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+09EF Bengali BENGALI DIGIT NINE       set 11 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AAA Gujarati GUJARATI LETTER PA       set 7 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AB0 Gujarati GUJARATI LETTER RA       set 4 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AE6 Gujarati GUJARATI DIGIT ZERO       set 2 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AE7 Gujarati GUJARATI DIGIT ONE       set 3 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AE8 Gujarati GUJARATI DIGIT TWO       set 4 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AE9 Gujarati GUJARATI DIGIT THREE       set 5 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AEA Gujarati GUJARATI DIGIT FOUR       set 6 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AEB Gujarati GUJARATI DIGIT FIVE       set 7 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AEC Gujarati GUJARATI DIGIT SIX       set 8 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AED Gujarati GUJARATI DIGIT SEVEN       set 9 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AEE Gujarati GUJARATI DIGIT EIGHT       set 10 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0AEF Gujarati GUJARATI DIGIT NINE       set 11 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0CE6 Kannada KANNADA DIGIT ZERO       set 2 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0CE7 Kannada KANNADA DIGIT ONE       set 3 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0CE8 Kannada KANNADA DIGIT TWO       set 4 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0CE9 Kannada KANNADA DIGIT THREE       set 5 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0CEA Kannada KANNADA DIGIT FOUR       set 6 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0CEB Kannada KANNADA DIGIT FIVE       set 7 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0CEC Kannada KANNADA DIGIT SIX       set 8 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0CED Kannada KANNADA DIGIT SEVEN       set 9 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0CEE Kannada KANNADA DIGIT EIGHT       set 10 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0CEF Kannada KANNADA DIGIT NINE       set 11 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0E50 Thai THAI DIGIT ZERO       set 2 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0E51 Thai THAI DIGIT ONE       set 3 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0E52 Thai THAI DIGIT TWO       set 4 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0E53 Thai THAI DIGIT THREE       set 5 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0E54 Thai THAI DIGIT FOUR       set 6 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0E55 Thai THAI DIGIT FIVE       set 7 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0E56 Thai THAI DIGIT SIX       set 8 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0E57 Thai THAI DIGIT SEVEN       set 9 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0E58 Thai THAI DIGIT EIGHT       set 10 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0E59 Thai THAI DIGIT NINE       set 11 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0ED0 Lao LAO DIGIT ZERO       set 2 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0ED1 Lao LAO DIGIT ONE       set 3 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0ED2 Lao LAO DIGIT TWO       set 4 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0ED3 Lao LAO DIGIT THREE       set 5 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0ED4 Lao LAO DIGIT FOUR       set 6 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0ED5 Lao LAO DIGIT FIVE       set 7 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0ED6 Lao LAO DIGIT SIX       set 8 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0ED7 Lao LAO DIGIT SEVEN       set 9 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0ED8 Lao LAO DIGIT EIGHT       set 10 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+0ED9 Lao LAO DIGIT NINE       set 11 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1040 Myanmar MYANMAR DIGIT ZERO       set 2 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1041 Myanmar MYANMAR DIGIT ONE       set 3 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1042 Myanmar MYANMAR DIGIT TWO       set 4 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1043 Myanmar MYANMAR DIGIT THREE       set 5 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1044 Myanmar MYANMAR DIGIT FOUR       set 6 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1045 Myanmar MYANMAR DIGIT FIVE       set 7 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1046 Myanmar MYANMAR DIGIT SIX       set 8 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1047 Myanmar MYANMAR DIGIT SEVEN       set 9 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1048 Myanmar MYANMAR DIGIT EIGHT       set 10 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+1049 Myanmar MYANMAR DIGIT NINE       set 11 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+17E0 Khmer KHMER DIGIT ZERO       set 2 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+17E1 Khmer KHMER DIGIT ONE       set 3 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+17E2 Khmer KHMER DIGIT TWO       set 4 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+17E3 Khmer KHMER DIGIT THREE       set 5 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+17E4 Khmer KHMER DIGIT FOUR       set 6 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+17E5 Khmer KHMER DIGIT FIVE       set 7 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+17E6 Khmer KHMER DIGIT SIX       set 8 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+17E7 Khmer KHMER DIGIT SEVEN       set 9 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+17E8 Khmer KHMER DIGIT EIGHT       set 10 Not part of repertoire (injected)
U+17E9 Khmer KHMER DIGIT NINE       set 11 Not part of repertoire (injected)

Legend

Code Point
A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph
The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common.
Name
Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database.
Ref
Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view.
Required Context
Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment
The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.
✔ - core repertoire
A check mark in the Part-of-repertoire column indicates a code point is part of the core repertoire.
✗ - out-of-repertoire
A code point shown with is not part of the repertoire. It is listed only because it is the target of an out-of-repertoire-var variant mapping.

Variants

Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets 20
Largest variant set 12
Ordinary Variants by Type
activated 20
allocatable 5
blocked 1244
optionally-activated 26
optionally-allocatable 9
Reflexive Variants by Type
out-of-repertoire-var 112

Variant Sets

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and variant sets for each context are disjoint, but code points that have variants with multiple contexts are members of more than one set.

Common Legend

Source
By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
→ - forward
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
← - reverse
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
↔ - both
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
- reflexive
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
Type
The type of the variant mapping, including predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”; or any that are defined specifically for this LGR. A reflexive variant type “out-of-repertoire-var” designates the target as not part of the repertoire; it is required as target for one or more variant mappings that cross repertoire boundaries. In this LGR, types for variants between out-of-repertoire code points are shown in italic while types for pure in-repertoire variants are shown in bold.
Required Context
Link to the rule defining a required context the source must satisfy for the variant mapping to be defined. If prefixed by “not:”, identifies a context that must not occur.
Ref
One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
002D - 00B7 · blocked Common--surrounded-by-L   (injected)

Variant Set 2 — 11 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0030 0 0660 ٠ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0030 0 06F0 ۰ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   ASCII digit variant
0030 0 0966 blocked   (injected)
0030 0 09E6 blocked   (injected)
0030 0 0AE6 blocked   (injected)
0030 0 0CE6 blocked   (injected)
0030 0 0E50 blocked   (injected)
0030 0 0ED0 blocked   (injected)
0030 0 1040 blocked   (injected)
0030 0 17E0 blocked   (injected)
0660 ٠ 06F0 ۰ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   Arabic digit variant
0660 ٠ 0966 blocked   (injected)
0660 ٠ 09E6 blocked   (injected)
0660 ٠ 0AE6 blocked   (injected)
0660 ٠ 0CE6 blocked   (injected)
0660 ٠ 0E50 blocked   (injected)
0660 ٠ 0ED0 blocked   (injected)
0660 ٠ 1040 blocked   (injected)
0660 ٠ 17E0 blocked   (injected)
06F0 ۰ 06F0 ۰ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of Arabic language repertoire
06F0 ۰ 0966 blocked   (injected)
06F0 ۰ 09E6 blocked   (injected)
06F0 ۰ 0AE6 blocked   (injected)
06F0 ۰ 0CE6 blocked   (injected)
06F0 ۰ 0E50 blocked   (injected)
06F0 ۰ 0ED0 blocked   (injected)
06F0 ۰ 1040 blocked   (injected)
06F0 ۰ 17E0 blocked   (injected)
0966 0966 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0966 09E6 blocked   (injected)
0966 0AE6 blocked   (injected)
0966 0CE6 blocked   (injected)
0966 0E50 blocked   (injected)
0966 0ED0 blocked   (injected)
0966 1040 blocked   (injected)
0966 17E0 blocked   (injected)
09E6 09E6 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
09E6 0AE6 blocked   (injected)
09E6 0CE6 blocked   (injected)
09E6 0E50 blocked   (injected)
09E6 0ED0 blocked   (injected)
09E6 1040 blocked   (injected)
09E6 17E0 blocked   (injected)
0AE6 0AE6 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AE6 0CE6 blocked   (injected)
0AE6 0E50 blocked   (injected)
0AE6 0ED0 blocked   (injected)
0AE6 1040 blocked   (injected)
0AE6 17E0 blocked   (injected)
0CE6 0CE6 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0CE6 0E50 blocked   (injected)
0CE6 0ED0 blocked   (injected)
0CE6 1040 blocked   (injected)
0CE6 17E0 blocked   (injected)
0E50 0E50 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0E50 0ED0 blocked   (injected)
0E50 1040 blocked   (injected)
0E50 17E0 blocked   (injected)
0ED0 0ED0 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0ED0 1040 blocked   (injected)
0ED0 17E0 blocked   (injected)
1040 1040 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
1040 17E0 blocked   (injected)
17E0 17E0 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 3 — 11 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0031 1 0661 ١ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0031 1 06F1 ۱ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   ASCII digit variant
0031 1 0967 blocked   (injected)
0031 1 09E7 blocked   (injected)
0031 1 0AE7 blocked   (injected)
0031 1 0CE7 blocked   (injected)
0031 1 0E51 blocked   (injected)
0031 1 0ED1 blocked   (injected)
0031 1 1041 blocked   (injected)
0031 1 17E1 blocked   (injected)
0661 ١ 06F1 ۱ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   Arabic digit variant
0661 ١ 0967 blocked   (injected)
0661 ١ 09E7 blocked   (injected)
0661 ١ 0AE7 blocked   (injected)
0661 ١ 0CE7 blocked   (injected)
0661 ١ 0E51 blocked   (injected)
0661 ١ 0ED1 blocked   (injected)
0661 ١ 1041 blocked   (injected)
0661 ١ 17E1 blocked   (injected)
06F1 ۱ 06F1 ۱ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of Arabic language repertoire
06F1 ۱ 0967 blocked   (injected)
06F1 ۱ 09E7 blocked   (injected)
06F1 ۱ 0AE7 blocked   (injected)
06F1 ۱ 0CE7 blocked   (injected)
06F1 ۱ 0E51 blocked   (injected)
06F1 ۱ 0ED1 blocked   (injected)
06F1 ۱ 1041 blocked   (injected)
06F1 ۱ 17E1 blocked   (injected)
0967 0967 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0967 09E7 blocked   (injected)
0967 0AE7 blocked   (injected)
0967 0CE7 blocked   (injected)
0967 0E51 blocked   (injected)
0967 0ED1 blocked   (injected)
0967 1041 blocked   (injected)
0967 17E1 blocked   (injected)
09E7 09E7 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
09E7 0AE7 blocked   (injected)
09E7 0CE7 blocked   (injected)
09E7 0E51 blocked   (injected)
09E7 0ED1 blocked   (injected)
09E7 1041 blocked   (injected)
09E7 17E1 blocked   (injected)
0AE7 0AE7 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AE7 0CE7 blocked   (injected)
0AE7 0E51 blocked   (injected)
0AE7 0ED1 blocked   (injected)
0AE7 1041 blocked   (injected)
0AE7 17E1 blocked   (injected)
0CE7 0CE7 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0CE7 0E51 blocked   (injected)
0CE7 0ED1 blocked   (injected)
0CE7 1041 blocked   (injected)
0CE7 17E1 blocked   (injected)
0E51 0E51 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0E51 0ED1 blocked   (injected)
0E51 1041 blocked   (injected)
0E51 17E1 blocked   (injected)
0ED1 0ED1 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0ED1 1041 blocked   (injected)
0ED1 17E1 blocked   (injected)
1041 1041 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
1041 17E1 blocked   (injected)
17E1 17E1 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 4 — 12 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0032 2 0662 ٢ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0032 2 06F2 ۲ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   ASCII digit variant
0032 2 0968 blocked   (injected)
0032 2 09E8 blocked   (injected)
0032 2 0AB0 blocked   (injected)
0032 2 0AE8 blocked   (injected)
0032 2 0CE8 blocked   (injected)
0032 2 0E52 blocked   (injected)
0032 2 0ED2 blocked   (injected)
0032 2 1042 blocked   (injected)
0032 2 17E2 blocked   (injected)
0662 ٢ 06F2 ۲ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   Arabic digit variant
0662 ٢ 0968 blocked   (injected)
0662 ٢ 09E8 blocked   (injected)
0662 ٢ 0AB0 blocked   (injected)
0662 ٢ 0AE8 blocked   (injected)
0662 ٢ 0CE8 blocked   (injected)
0662 ٢ 0E52 blocked   (injected)
0662 ٢ 0ED2 blocked   (injected)
0662 ٢ 1042 blocked   (injected)
0662 ٢ 17E2 blocked   (injected)
06F2 ۲ 06F2 ۲ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of Arabic language repertoire
06F2 ۲ 0968 blocked   (injected)
06F2 ۲ 09E8 blocked   (injected)
06F2 ۲ 0AB0 blocked   (injected)
06F2 ۲ 0AE8 blocked   (injected)
06F2 ۲ 0CE8 blocked   (injected)
06F2 ۲ 0E52 blocked   (injected)
06F2 ۲ 0ED2 blocked   (injected)
06F2 ۲ 1042 blocked   (injected)
06F2 ۲ 17E2 blocked   (injected)
0968 0968 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0968 09E8 blocked   (injected)
0968 0AB0 blocked   (injected)
0968 0AE8 blocked   (injected)
0968 0CE8 blocked   (injected)
0968 0E52 blocked   (injected)
0968 0ED2 blocked   (injected)
0968 1042 blocked   (injected)
0968 17E2 blocked   (injected)
09E8 09E8 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
09E8 0AB0 blocked   (injected)
09E8 0AE8 blocked   (injected)
09E8 0CE8 blocked   (injected)
09E8 0E52 blocked   (injected)
09E8 0ED2 blocked   (injected)
09E8 1042 blocked   (injected)
09E8 17E2 blocked   (injected)
0AB0 0AB0 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AB0 0AE8 blocked   (injected)
0AB0 0CE8 blocked   (injected)
0AB0 0E52 blocked   (injected)
0AB0 0ED2 blocked   (injected)
0AB0 1042 blocked   (injected)
0AB0 17E2 blocked   (injected)
0AE8 0AE8 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AE8 0CE8 blocked   (injected)
0AE8 0E52 blocked   (injected)
0AE8 0ED2 blocked   (injected)
0AE8 1042 blocked   (injected)
0AE8 17E2 blocked   (injected)
0CE8 0CE8 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0CE8 0E52 blocked   (injected)
0CE8 0ED2 blocked   (injected)
0CE8 1042 blocked   (injected)
0CE8 17E2 blocked   (injected)
0E52 0E52 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0E52 0ED2 blocked   (injected)
0E52 1042 blocked   (injected)
0E52 17E2 blocked   (injected)
0ED2 0ED2 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0ED2 1042 blocked   (injected)
0ED2 17E2 blocked   (injected)
1042 1042 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
1042 17E2 blocked   (injected)
17E2 17E2 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 5 — 11 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0033 3 0663 ٣ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0033 3 06F3 ۳ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   ASCII digit variant
0033 3 0969 blocked   (injected)
0033 3 09E9 blocked   (injected)
0033 3 0AE9 blocked   (injected)
0033 3 0CE9 blocked   (injected)
0033 3 0E53 blocked   (injected)
0033 3 0ED3 blocked   (injected)
0033 3 1043 blocked   (injected)
0033 3 17E3 blocked   (injected)
0663 ٣ 06F3 ۳ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   Arabic digit variant
0663 ٣ 0969 blocked   (injected)
0663 ٣ 09E9 blocked   (injected)
0663 ٣ 0AE9 blocked   (injected)
0663 ٣ 0CE9 blocked   (injected)
0663 ٣ 0E53 blocked   (injected)
0663 ٣ 0ED3 blocked   (injected)
0663 ٣ 1043 blocked   (injected)
0663 ٣ 17E3 blocked   (injected)
06F3 ۳ 06F3 ۳ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of Arabic language repertoire
06F3 ۳ 0969 blocked   (injected)
06F3 ۳ 09E9 blocked   (injected)
06F3 ۳ 0AE9 blocked   (injected)
06F3 ۳ 0CE9 blocked   (injected)
06F3 ۳ 0E53 blocked   (injected)
06F3 ۳ 0ED3 blocked   (injected)
06F3 ۳ 1043 blocked   (injected)
06F3 ۳ 17E3 blocked   (injected)
0969 0969 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0969 09E9 blocked   (injected)
0969 0AE9 blocked   (injected)
0969 0CE9 blocked   (injected)
0969 0E53 blocked   (injected)
0969 0ED3 blocked   (injected)
0969 1043 blocked   (injected)
0969 17E3 blocked   (injected)
09E9 09E9 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
09E9 0AE9 blocked   (injected)
09E9 0CE9 blocked   (injected)
09E9 0E53 blocked   (injected)
09E9 0ED3 blocked   (injected)
09E9 1043 blocked   (injected)
09E9 17E3 blocked   (injected)
0AE9 0AE9 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AE9 0CE9 blocked   (injected)
0AE9 0E53 blocked   (injected)
0AE9 0ED3 blocked   (injected)
0AE9 1043 blocked   (injected)
0AE9 17E3 blocked   (injected)
0CE9 0CE9 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0CE9 0E53 blocked   (injected)
0CE9 0ED3 blocked   (injected)
0CE9 1043 blocked   (injected)
0CE9 17E3 blocked   (injected)
0E53 0E53 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0E53 0ED3 blocked   (injected)
0E53 1043 blocked   (injected)
0E53 17E3 blocked   (injected)
0ED3 0ED3 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0ED3 1043 blocked   (injected)
0ED3 17E3 blocked   (injected)
1043 1043 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
1043 17E3 blocked   (injected)
17E3 17E3 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 6 — 11 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0034 4 0664 ٤ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0034 4 06F4 ۴ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   ASCII digit variant
0034 4 096A blocked   (injected)
0034 4 09EA blocked   (injected)
0034 4 0AEA blocked   (injected)
0034 4 0CEA blocked   (injected)
0034 4 0E54 blocked   (injected)
0034 4 0ED4 blocked   (injected)
0034 4 1044 blocked   (injected)
0034 4 17E4 blocked   (injected)
0664 ٤ 06F4 ۴ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   Arabic digit variant
0664 ٤ 096A blocked   (injected)
0664 ٤ 09EA blocked   (injected)
0664 ٤ 0AEA blocked   (injected)
0664 ٤ 0CEA blocked   (injected)
0664 ٤ 0E54 blocked   (injected)
0664 ٤ 0ED4 blocked   (injected)
0664 ٤ 1044 blocked   (injected)
0664 ٤ 17E4 blocked   (injected)
06F4 ۴ 06F4 ۴ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of Arabic language repertoire
06F4 ۴ 096A blocked   (injected)
06F4 ۴ 09EA blocked   (injected)
06F4 ۴ 0AEA blocked   (injected)
06F4 ۴ 0CEA blocked   (injected)
06F4 ۴ 0E54 blocked   (injected)
06F4 ۴ 0ED4 blocked   (injected)
06F4 ۴ 1044 blocked   (injected)
06F4 ۴ 17E4 blocked   (injected)
096A 096A out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
096A 09EA blocked   (injected)
096A 0AEA blocked   (injected)
096A 0CEA blocked   (injected)
096A 0E54 blocked   (injected)
096A 0ED4 blocked   (injected)
096A 1044 blocked   (injected)
096A 17E4 blocked   (injected)
09EA 09EA out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
09EA 0AEA blocked   (injected)
09EA 0CEA blocked   (injected)
09EA 0E54 blocked   (injected)
09EA 0ED4 blocked   (injected)
09EA 1044 blocked   (injected)
09EA 17E4 blocked   (injected)
0AEA 0AEA out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AEA 0CEA blocked   (injected)
0AEA 0E54 blocked   (injected)
0AEA 0ED4 blocked   (injected)
0AEA 1044 blocked   (injected)
0AEA 17E4 blocked   (injected)
0CEA 0CEA out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0CEA 0E54 blocked   (injected)
0CEA 0ED4 blocked   (injected)
0CEA 1044 blocked   (injected)
0CEA 17E4 blocked   (injected)
0E54 0E54 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0E54 0ED4 blocked   (injected)
0E54 1044 blocked   (injected)
0E54 17E4 blocked   (injected)
0ED4 0ED4 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0ED4 1044 blocked   (injected)
0ED4 17E4 blocked   (injected)
1044 1044 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
1044 17E4 blocked   (injected)
17E4 17E4 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 7 — 12 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0035 5 0665 ٥ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0035 5 06F5 ۵ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   ASCII digit variant
0035 5 096B blocked   (injected)
0035 5 09EB blocked   (injected)
0035 5 0AAA blocked   (injected)
0035 5 0AEB blocked   (injected)
0035 5 0CEB blocked   (injected)
0035 5 0E55 blocked   (injected)
0035 5 0ED5 blocked   (injected)
0035 5 1045 blocked   (injected)
0035 5 17E5 blocked   (injected)
0665 ٥ 06F5 ۵ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   Arabic digit variant
0665 ٥ 096B blocked   (injected)
0665 ٥ 09EB blocked   (injected)
0665 ٥ 0AAA blocked   (injected)
0665 ٥ 0AEB blocked   (injected)
0665 ٥ 0CEB blocked   (injected)
0665 ٥ 0E55 blocked   (injected)
0665 ٥ 0ED5 blocked   (injected)
0665 ٥ 1045 blocked   (injected)
0665 ٥ 17E5 blocked   (injected)
06F5 ۵ 06F5 ۵ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of Arabic language repertoire
06F5 ۵ 096B blocked   (injected)
06F5 ۵ 09EB blocked   (injected)
06F5 ۵ 0AAA blocked   (injected)
06F5 ۵ 0AEB blocked   (injected)
06F5 ۵ 0CEB blocked   (injected)
06F5 ۵ 0E55 blocked   (injected)
06F5 ۵ 0ED5 blocked   (injected)
06F5 ۵ 1045 blocked   (injected)
06F5 ۵ 17E5 blocked   (injected)
096B 096B out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
096B 09EB blocked   (injected)
096B 0AAA blocked   (injected)
096B 0AEB blocked   (injected)
096B 0CEB blocked   (injected)
096B 0E55 blocked   (injected)
096B 0ED5 blocked   (injected)
096B 1045 blocked   (injected)
096B 17E5 blocked   (injected)
09EB 09EB out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
09EB 0AAA blocked   (injected)
09EB 0AEB blocked   (injected)
09EB 0CEB blocked   (injected)
09EB 0E55 blocked   (injected)
09EB 0ED5 blocked   (injected)
09EB 1045 blocked   (injected)
09EB 17E5 blocked   (injected)
0AAA 0AAA out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AAA 0AEB blocked   (injected)
0AAA 0CEB blocked   (injected)
0AAA 0E55 blocked   (injected)
0AAA 0ED5 blocked   (injected)
0AAA 1045 blocked   (injected)
0AAA 17E5 blocked   (injected)
0AEB 0AEB out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AEB 0CEB blocked   (injected)
0AEB 0E55 blocked   (injected)
0AEB 0ED5 blocked   (injected)
0AEB 1045 blocked   (injected)
0AEB 17E5 blocked   (injected)
0CEB 0CEB out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0CEB 0E55 blocked   (injected)
0CEB 0ED5 blocked   (injected)
0CEB 1045 blocked   (injected)
0CEB 17E5 blocked   (injected)
0E55 0E55 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0E55 0ED5 blocked   (injected)
0E55 1045 blocked   (injected)
0E55 17E5 blocked   (injected)
0ED5 0ED5 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0ED5 1045 blocked   (injected)
0ED5 17E5 blocked   (injected)
1045 1045 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
1045 17E5 blocked   (injected)
17E5 17E5 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 8 — 11 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0036 6 0666 ٦ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0036 6 06F6 ۶ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   ASCII digit variant
0036 6 096C blocked   (injected)
0036 6 09EC blocked   (injected)
0036 6 0AEC blocked   (injected)
0036 6 0CEC blocked   (injected)
0036 6 0E56 blocked   (injected)
0036 6 0ED6 blocked   (injected)
0036 6 1046 blocked   (injected)
0036 6 17E6 blocked   (injected)
0666 ٦ 06F6 ۶ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   Arabic digit variant
0666 ٦ 096C blocked   (injected)
0666 ٦ 09EC blocked   (injected)
0666 ٦ 0AEC blocked   (injected)
0666 ٦ 0CEC blocked   (injected)
0666 ٦ 0E56 blocked   (injected)
0666 ٦ 0ED6 blocked   (injected)
0666 ٦ 1046 blocked   (injected)
0666 ٦ 17E6 blocked   (injected)
06F6 ۶ 06F6 ۶ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of Arabic language repertoire
06F6 ۶ 096C blocked   (injected)
06F6 ۶ 09EC blocked   (injected)
06F6 ۶ 0AEC blocked   (injected)
06F6 ۶ 0CEC blocked   (injected)
06F6 ۶ 0E56 blocked   (injected)
06F6 ۶ 0ED6 blocked   (injected)
06F6 ۶ 1046 blocked   (injected)
06F6 ۶ 17E6 blocked   (injected)
096C 096C out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
096C 09EC blocked   (injected)
096C 0AEC blocked   (injected)
096C 0CEC blocked   (injected)
096C 0E56 blocked   (injected)
096C 0ED6 blocked   (injected)
096C 1046 blocked   (injected)
096C 17E6 blocked   (injected)
09EC 09EC out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
09EC 0AEC blocked   (injected)
09EC 0CEC blocked   (injected)
09EC 0E56 blocked   (injected)
09EC 0ED6 blocked   (injected)
09EC 1046 blocked   (injected)
09EC 17E6 blocked   (injected)
0AEC 0AEC out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AEC 0CEC blocked   (injected)
0AEC 0E56 blocked   (injected)
0AEC 0ED6 blocked   (injected)
0AEC 1046 blocked   (injected)
0AEC 17E6 blocked   (injected)
0CEC 0CEC out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0CEC 0E56 blocked   (injected)
0CEC 0ED6 blocked   (injected)
0CEC 1046 blocked   (injected)
0CEC 17E6 blocked   (injected)
0E56 0E56 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0E56 0ED6 blocked   (injected)
0E56 1046 blocked   (injected)
0E56 17E6 blocked   (injected)
0ED6 0ED6 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0ED6 1046 blocked   (injected)
0ED6 17E6 blocked   (injected)
1046 1046 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
1046 17E6 blocked   (injected)
17E6 17E6 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 9 — 11 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0037 7 0667 ٧ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0037 7 06F7 ۷ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   ASCII digit variant
0037 7 096D blocked   (injected)
0037 7 09ED blocked   (injected)
0037 7 0AED blocked   (injected)
0037 7 0CED blocked   (injected)
0037 7 0E57 blocked   (injected)
0037 7 0ED7 blocked   (injected)
0037 7 1047 blocked   (injected)
0037 7 17E7 blocked   (injected)
0667 ٧ 06F7 ۷ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   Arabic digit variant
0667 ٧ 096D blocked   (injected)
0667 ٧ 09ED blocked   (injected)
0667 ٧ 0AED blocked   (injected)
0667 ٧ 0CED blocked   (injected)
0667 ٧ 0E57 blocked   (injected)
0667 ٧ 0ED7 blocked   (injected)
0667 ٧ 1047 blocked   (injected)
0667 ٧ 17E7 blocked   (injected)
06F7 ۷ 06F7 ۷ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of Arabic language repertoire
06F7 ۷ 096D blocked   (injected)
06F7 ۷ 09ED blocked   (injected)
06F7 ۷ 0AED blocked   (injected)
06F7 ۷ 0CED blocked   (injected)
06F7 ۷ 0E57 blocked   (injected)
06F7 ۷ 0ED7 blocked   (injected)
06F7 ۷ 1047 blocked   (injected)
06F7 ۷ 17E7 blocked   (injected)
096D 096D out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
096D 09ED blocked   (injected)
096D 0AED blocked   (injected)
096D 0CED blocked   (injected)
096D 0E57 blocked   (injected)
096D 0ED7 blocked   (injected)
096D 1047 blocked   (injected)
096D 17E7 blocked   (injected)
09ED 09ED out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
09ED 0AED blocked   (injected)
09ED 0CED blocked   (injected)
09ED 0E57 blocked   (injected)
09ED 0ED7 blocked   (injected)
09ED 1047 blocked   (injected)
09ED 17E7 blocked   (injected)
0AED 0AED out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AED 0CED blocked   (injected)
0AED 0E57 blocked   (injected)
0AED 0ED7 blocked   (injected)
0AED 1047 blocked   (injected)
0AED 17E7 blocked   (injected)
0CED 0CED out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0CED 0E57 blocked   (injected)
0CED 0ED7 blocked   (injected)
0CED 1047 blocked   (injected)
0CED 17E7 blocked   (injected)
0E57 0E57 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0E57 0ED7 blocked   (injected)
0E57 1047 blocked   (injected)
0E57 17E7 blocked   (injected)
0ED7 0ED7 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0ED7 1047 blocked   (injected)
0ED7 17E7 blocked   (injected)
1047 1047 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
1047 17E7 blocked   (injected)
17E7 17E7 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 10 — 11 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0038 8 0668 ٨ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0038 8 06F8 ۸ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   ASCII digit variant
0038 8 096E blocked   (injected)
0038 8 09EE blocked   (injected)
0038 8 0AEE blocked   (injected)
0038 8 0CEE blocked   (injected)
0038 8 0E58 blocked   (injected)
0038 8 0ED8 blocked   (injected)
0038 8 1048 blocked   (injected)
0038 8 17E8 blocked   (injected)
0668 ٨ 06F8 ۸ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   Arabic digit variant
0668 ٨ 096E blocked   (injected)
0668 ٨ 09EE blocked   (injected)
0668 ٨ 0AEE blocked   (injected)
0668 ٨ 0CEE blocked   (injected)
0668 ٨ 0E58 blocked   (injected)
0668 ٨ 0ED8 blocked   (injected)
0668 ٨ 1048 blocked   (injected)
0668 ٨ 17E8 blocked   (injected)
06F8 ۸ 06F8 ۸ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of Arabic language repertoire
06F8 ۸ 096E blocked   (injected)
06F8 ۸ 09EE blocked   (injected)
06F8 ۸ 0AEE blocked   (injected)
06F8 ۸ 0CEE blocked   (injected)
06F8 ۸ 0E58 blocked   (injected)
06F8 ۸ 0ED8 blocked   (injected)
06F8 ۸ 1048 blocked   (injected)
06F8 ۸ 17E8 blocked   (injected)
096E 096E out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
096E 09EE blocked   (injected)
096E 0AEE blocked   (injected)
096E 0CEE blocked   (injected)
096E 0E58 blocked   (injected)
096E 0ED8 blocked   (injected)
096E 1048 blocked   (injected)
096E 17E8 blocked   (injected)
09EE 09EE out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
09EE 0AEE blocked   (injected)
09EE 0CEE blocked   (injected)
09EE 0E58 blocked   (injected)
09EE 0ED8 blocked   (injected)
09EE 1048 blocked   (injected)
09EE 17E8 blocked   (injected)
0AEE 0AEE out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AEE 0CEE blocked   (injected)
0AEE 0E58 blocked   (injected)
0AEE 0ED8 blocked   (injected)
0AEE 1048 blocked   (injected)
0AEE 17E8 blocked   (injected)
0CEE 0CEE out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0CEE 0E58 blocked   (injected)
0CEE 0ED8 blocked   (injected)
0CEE 1048 blocked   (injected)
0CEE 17E8 blocked   (injected)
0E58 0E58 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0E58 0ED8 blocked   (injected)
0E58 1048 blocked   (injected)
0E58 17E8 blocked   (injected)
0ED8 0ED8 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0ED8 1048 blocked   (injected)
0ED8 17E8 blocked   (injected)
1048 1048 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
1048 17E8 blocked   (injected)
17E8 17E8 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 11 — 11 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0039 9 0669 ٩ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0039 9 06F9 ۹ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   ASCII digit variant
0039 9 096F blocked   (injected)
0039 9 09EF blocked   (injected)
0039 9 0AEF blocked   (injected)
0039 9 0CEF blocked   (injected)
0039 9 0E59 blocked   (injected)
0039 9 0ED9 blocked   (injected)
0039 9 1049 blocked   (injected)
0039 9 17E9 blocked   (injected)
0669 ٩ 06F9 ۹ optionally-activated   Extended digit variant
blocked   Arabic digit variant
0669 ٩ 096F blocked   (injected)
0669 ٩ 09EF blocked   (injected)
0669 ٩ 0AEF blocked   (injected)
0669 ٩ 0CEF blocked   (injected)
0669 ٩ 0E59 blocked   (injected)
0669 ٩ 0ED9 blocked   (injected)
0669 ٩ 1049 blocked   (injected)
0669 ٩ 17E9 blocked   (injected)
06F9 ۹ 06F9 ۹ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of Arabic language repertoire
06F9 ۹ 096F blocked   (injected)
06F9 ۹ 09EF blocked   (injected)
06F9 ۹ 0AEF blocked   (injected)
06F9 ۹ 0CEF blocked   (injected)
06F9 ۹ 0E59 blocked   (injected)
06F9 ۹ 0ED9 blocked   (injected)
06F9 ۹ 1049 blocked   (injected)
06F9 ۹ 17E9 blocked   (injected)
096F 096F out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
096F 09EF blocked   (injected)
096F 0AEF blocked   (injected)
096F 0CEF blocked   (injected)
096F 0E59 blocked   (injected)
096F 0ED9 blocked   (injected)
096F 1049 blocked   (injected)
096F 17E9 blocked   (injected)
09EF 09EF out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
09EF 0AEF blocked   (injected)
09EF 0CEF blocked   (injected)
09EF 0E59 blocked   (injected)
09EF 0ED9 blocked   (injected)
09EF 1049 blocked   (injected)
09EF 17E9 blocked   (injected)
0AEF 0AEF out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0AEF 0CEF blocked   (injected)
0AEF 0E59 blocked   (injected)
0AEF 0ED9 blocked   (injected)
0AEF 1049 blocked   (injected)
0AEF 17E9 blocked   (injected)
0CEF 0CEF out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0CEF 0E59 blocked   (injected)
0CEF 0ED9 blocked   (injected)
0CEF 1049 blocked   (injected)
0CEF 17E9 blocked   (injected)
0E59 0E59 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0E59 0ED9 blocked   (injected)
0E59 1049 blocked   (injected)
0E59 17E9 blocked   (injected)
0ED9 0ED9 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
0ED9 1049 blocked   (injected)
0ED9 17E9 blocked   (injected)
1049 1049 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
1049 17E9 blocked   (injected)
17E9 17E9 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 12 — 5 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0622 آ 0623 أ optionally-allocatable   Arabic language variant
0622 آ 0625 إ optionally-allocatable   Arabic language variant
0622 آ 0627 ا allocatable   U+0622 آ ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 ا ALEF in the Arabic language
optionally-allocatable   Arabic language variant
0622 آ 0672 ٲ blocked   (injected)
0623 أ 0625 إ optionally-allocatable   Arabic language variant
0623 أ 0627 ا allocatable   U+0623 أ ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 ا ALEF in the Arabic language
optionally-allocatable   Arabic language variant
0623 أ 0672 ٲ blocked   (injected)
0625 إ 0627 ا allocatable   U+0625 إ ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW is simplified to U+0627 ا ALEF in the Arabic language
optionally-allocatable   Arabic language variant
0625 إ 0672 ٲ blocked   (injected)
0627 ا 0672 ٲ blocked   (injected)
0672 ٲ 0672 ٲ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 13 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0624 ؤ 0648 و allocatable   U+0624 ؤ WAV WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0648 و WAV in the Arabic language
blocked   Arabic language variant

Variant Set 14 — 8 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0626 ئ 0649 ى blocked   Arabic language variant
0626 ئ 064A ي blocked   Arabic language variant
0626 ئ 067B ٻ blocked   (injected)
0626 ئ 06CC ی blocked   Arabic language variant / Cross-repertoire variant
0626 ئ 06CD ۍ blocked   Arabic language variant / Cross-repertoire variant
0626 ئ 06D0 ې blocked   Arabic language variant / Cross-repertoire variant
0626 ئ 06D2 ے blocked   Arabic language variant / Cross-repertoire variant
0649 ى 064A ي blocked   Arabic language variant
0649 ى 067B ٻ blocked   (injected)
0649 ى 06CC ی optionally-activated   The two are visually identical and the same label could be typed using one or the other based on the set language settings and keyboard layout of a user
blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
0649 ى 06CD ۍ blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
0649 ى 06D0 ې blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
0649 ى 06D2 ے blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
064A ي 067B ٻ blocked   (injected)
064A ي 06CC ی optionally-activated   The two are visually identical and the same label could be typed using one or the other based on the set language settings and keyboard layout of a user
blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
064A ي 06CD ۍ blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
064A ي 06D0 ې blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
064A ي 06D2 ے blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
067B ٻ 067B ٻ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
067B ٻ 06CC ی blocked   (injected)
067B ٻ 06CD ۍ blocked   (injected)
067B ٻ 06D0 ې blocked   (injected)
067B ٻ 06D2 ے blocked   (injected)
06CC ی 06CC ی out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of the Arabic language repertoire
06CC ی 06CD ۍ blocked   Cross-repertoire variant / Added for transitivity
06CC ی 06D0 ې blocked   Cross-repertoire variant / Added for transitivity
06CC ی 06D2 ے blocked   Cross-repertoire variant / Added for transitivity
06CD ۍ 06CD ۍ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of the Arabic language repertoire
06CD ۍ 06D0 ې blocked   Cross-repertoire variant / Added for transitivity
06CD ۍ 06D2 ے blocked   Cross-repertoire variant / Added for transitivity
06D0 ې 06D0 ې out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of the Arabic language repertoire
06D0 ې 06D2 ے blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
06D2 ے 06D2 ے out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of the Arabic language repertoire

Variant Set 15 — 8 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0629 ة 0647 ه allocatable   In the Arabic language, U+0647 ه HEH may be substituted for U+0629 ة TEH MARBUTA. [RFC 6365]
blocked   Arabic language variant
0629 ة 06BE ھ blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
0629 ة 06C0 ۀ blocked   (injected)
0629 ة 06C1 ہ blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
0629 ة 06C2 ۂ blocked   (injected)
0629 ة 06C3 ۃ optionally-activated   The two are visually identical and the same label could be typed using one or the other based on the set language settings and keyboard layout of a user. Labels in the Arabic language using U+0629 ة TEH MARBUTA in the final and isolated positions will be typed in other languages using U+06C3 ۃ TEH MARBUTA GOAL (Urdu, etc.) which is identical in isolated and has a variant glyph or identical glyph form in final position
blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
0629 ة 06D5 ە blocked   (injected)
0647 ه 06BE ھ optionally-activated   Labels in the Arabic language using U+0647 ه HEH in the initial and medial positions will be visually similar in Urdu language to U+06BE ھ LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE
blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
0647 ه 06C0 ۀ blocked   (injected)
0647 ه 06C1 ہ optionally-activated   Labels in the Arabic language using U+0647 ه HEH in the final and isolated positions will be typed in other languages using U+06C1 ہ HEH GOAL (Urdu, Pashto, Saraiki, etc.) which is identical in isolated and has a variant glyph or identical glyph form in final position
blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
0647 ه 06C2 ۂ blocked   (injected)
0647 ه 06C3 ۃ blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
0647 ه 06D5 ە blocked   (injected)
06BE ھ 06BE ھ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of the Arabic language repertoire
06BE ھ 06C0 ۀ blocked   (injected)
06BE ھ 06C1 ہ blocked   Added for transitivity
06BE ھ 06C2 ۂ blocked   (injected)
06BE ھ 06C3 ۃ blocked   Added for transitivity
06BE ھ 06D5 ە blocked   (injected)
06C0 ۀ 06C0 ۀ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
06C0 ۀ 06C1 ہ blocked   (injected)
06C0 ۀ 06C2 ۂ blocked   (injected)
06C0 ۀ 06C3 ۃ blocked   (injected)
06C0 ۀ 06D5 ە blocked   (injected)
06C1 ہ 06C1 ہ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of the Arabic language repertoire
06C1 ہ 06C2 ۂ blocked   (injected)
06C1 ہ 06C3 ۃ blocked   Added for transitivity
06C1 ہ 06D5 ە blocked   (injected)
06C2 ۂ 06C2 ۂ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
06C2 ۂ 06C3 ۃ blocked   (injected)
06C2 ۂ 06D5 ە blocked   (injected)
06C3 ۃ 06C3 ۃ out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of the Arabic language repertoire
06C3 ۃ 06D5 ە blocked   (injected)
06D5 ە 06D5 ە out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
062A ت 067A ٺ blocked   (injected)
067A ٺ 067A ٺ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 17 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
062B ث 067D ٽ blocked   (injected)
067D ٽ 067D ٽ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 18 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0641 ف 0642 ق blocked   (injected)
0641 ف 06A2 ڢ blocked   (injected)
0641 ف 06A7 ڧ blocked   (injected)
0642 ق 06A2 ڢ blocked   (injected)
0642 ق 06A7 ڧ blocked   (injected)
06A2 ڢ 06A2 ڢ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)
06A2 ڢ 06A7 ڧ blocked   (injected)
06A7 ڧ 06A7 ڧ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 19 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0643 ك 06A9 ک optionally-activated   The two have identical shapes in initial and medial positions and are used by different language communities to refer to the same letter
blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
0643 ك 06AA ڪ blocked   (injected)
06A9 ک 06A9 ک out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of the Arabic language repertoire
06A9 ک 06AA ڪ blocked   (injected)
06AA ڪ 06AA ڪ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire (injected)

Variant Set 20 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0646 ن 06BA ں blocked   Cross-repertoire variant
06BA ں 06BA ں out-of-repertoire-var   Not part of the Arabic language repertoire

Classes, Rules and Actions

Character Classes

Number of named classes 10
Implicit defined by script tag 2

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges Ref Comment
right-joining Prop=jt:R 118→17 {0622-0625 0627 0629 062F-0632 0648 0672 06C0 06C3 06CD 06D2 06D5}   Any character matching Unicode property Joining_Type:Right_Joining
dual-joining Prop=jt:D 565→37 {0626 0628 062A-062E 0633-063A 0641-0647 0649-064A 067A-067B 067D 06A2 06A7 06A9-06AA 06BA 06BE 06C1-06C2 06CC 06D0}   Any character matching Unicode property Joining_Type:Dual_Joining
joins-to-the-right combined =
[[:right-joining:] ∪ [:dual-joining:]]
683→54 {0622-063A 0641-064A 0672 067A-067B 067D 06A2 06A7 06A9-06AA 06BA 06BE 06C0-06C3 06CC-06CD 06D0 06D2 06D5}    
arabic-language explicit 57 {002D 0030-0039 0621-063A 0641-064A 0660-0669}   (class not found in "Common")
urdu-language explicit 63→56 {002D 0030-0039 0621-0622 0626-0628 062A-063A 0641-0642 0644-0646 0648 06A9 06BA 06BE 06C1 06C3 06CC 06D2 06F0-06F9}   (class not found in "Common")
persian-language explicit 56→52 {002D 0030-0039 0621-0622 0626-0628 062A-063A 0641-0642 0644-0648 06A9 06CC 06F0-06F9}   (class not found in "Common")
pashto-language explicit 68→56 {002D 0030-0039 0621-0622 0624 0626-0628 062A-063A 0641-0642 0644-0648 064A 06A9 06CC-06CD 06D2 06F0-06F9}   (class not found in "Common")
common-digits Tag=Common-digit 10 {0030-0039}   Digits from the ASCII range ⍟
arabic-indic-digits Tag=Arabic-indic-digit 10 {0660-0669}   Arabic-Indic digits; ⍟
extended-arabic-indic-digits Tag=Extended-arabic-indic-digit 10 {06F0-06F9}   Extended Arabic-Indic digits
implicit Tag=sc:Arab 65 {0621-063A 0641-064A 0660-0669 06A9 06BA 06BE 06C1 06C3 06CC-06CD 06D0 06D2 06F0-06F9}   Any character tagged as Arabic
implicit Tag=sc:Zyyy 11 {002D 0030-0039}   Any character tagged as Common

Legend

Members or Ranges
Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
m→n
Indicates a set for which only n of its m members fall inside the repertoire.
Tag=ttt
A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Prop=ppp:vvv
A named class defined by reference to value vvv of Unicode property ppp.
Explicit
A named class defined by explicitly listing all its members.
Implicit
An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value and for which there is no named equivalent.
Combined
A named class defined by set operations on other classes using the following syntax:
[ ] - explicit character set
For explicit character sets that are part of a rule, only those members are shown that are defined in this LGR.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
[&&, -, ^] - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators (&& = intersection, - = difference, ^ = symmetric difference) or concatenated (union).
∅= - empty set
Indicates that the following set is empty because of the result of set operations, or because none of its elements is part of the repertoire defined here. A rule with a non-optional empty set never matches.

Whole label evaluation and context rules

Number of rules 7
Used to trigger actions 3
Used as context rule (C) 3
Used as context rule (V) 1
Anchored context rules 4

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name Regular Expression Used as
Trigger
Anchor Used as
Context
Ref Comment
leading-combining-mark (start)[∅=[[∅=\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [∅=\p{gc=Mc}]]]     [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
hyphen-minus-disallowed ((((start))← ⚓︎)|(⚓︎ →((end)))|(((start)..\u002D)← ⚓︎))   C [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS ⍟
single-language-label (start)(([:arabic-language:]+)|([:persian-language:]+)|([:urdu-language:]+)|([:pashto-language:]+))(end)       a label/variant can only be written using characters from one of the 4 languages (rule not found in "Common")
leading-digit ((start))← ⚓︎   C [160] RFC 5893 RTL labels cannot start with a digit ⍟
digit-mixing (([:common-digits:].*([:arabic-indic-digits:]|[:extended-arabic-indic-digits:]))|([:arabic-indic-digits:].*([:common-digits:]|[:extended-arabic-indic-digits:]))|([:extended-arabic-indic-digits:].*([:common-digits:]|[:arabic-indic-digits:])))     [160] RFC 5892 and RFC 5893 restrictions on mixing digits; extended to all three sets
initial-or-medial-position ⚓︎ →([:joins-to-the-right:])   C   U+0649 ى ALEF MAKSURA must not be in initial or medial position
Common--surrounded-by-L (\u006C)← ⚓︎ →(\u006C)   V   code point both follows and precedes L, required context for Ela Geminada ⍟ (injected, but possibly optional)

Legend

Used as Trigger
This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓︎ - context anchor
Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(?<=...) - look-behind
If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
(?=...) - look-ahead
If present encloses required context following the anchor.
( ) - group
An anonymous nested rule is used to group match operators.
(... | ...) - choice
When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
^ or $ - start or end
^ matches the start of the label; $ matches the end of the label.
. - any code point
. matches any code point.
*, +, ?, {n,m} - count operators
* indicates 0 or more, + indicates one or more, and ? indicates up to one instance. {n,m} indicates at least n and at most m instances.
[ ] - explicit character set
For explicit character sets that are part of a rule, only those members are shown that are defined in this LGR.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
[&&, -, ^] - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators (&& = intersection, - = difference, ^ = symmetric difference) or concatenated (union).
∅= - empty set
Indicates that the following set is empty because of the result of set operations, or because none of its elements is part of the repertoire defined here. A rule with a non-optional empty set never matches.
⍟ - default rule
Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Actions

Number of actions 10
Default actions 2
Action for variants only 6

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label does not match single-language-label invalid   all labels (including variants) must be entirely within one of four languages (unique: not in "Common")
2 if label matches digit-mixing invalid   a label matching the RFC 5892 and RFC 5893 restriction on digit mixing is invalid
3 if label matches leading-combining-mark invalid   RFC 5892: labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
4 if at least one variant is in {out-of-repertoire-var} invalid   disallow code points that are out of repertoire
5 if at least one variant is in {blocked} blocked   any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
6 if at least one variant is in {optionally-allocatable} blocked   optional allocation for certain within-repertoire variants; to make allocation possible, change (blocked) to (allocatable)
7 if at least one variant is in {optionally-activated} allocatable   optional delegation for certain cross-repertoire variants; to make delegation mandatory, change (allocatable) to (activated)
8 if at least one variant is in {activated} activated   forced delegation for certain in-repertoire variants
9 if each variant is in {allocatable} allocatable   variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable
10 if any label (catch-all)   valid   catch all (default action)

Legend

{...} - variant type set
In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the References section in the Description.

[0] The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 1.0, Volume 1 Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1991. ISBN 0-201-56788-1 and The Unicode Standard, Version 1.0, Volume 2 Reading, MA, Addison-Wesley Developers Press, 1992. ISBN 0-201-60845-6, as amended by Davis, Mark, Unicode Technical Report #4: The Unicode Standard, Version 1.1 Cupertino, CA, The Unicode Consortium, 1993
Any code point cited was originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1
[100] RFC 5564 Linguistic Guidelines for the Use of the Arabic Language in Internet Domains
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5564
[108] Omniglot Pashto
https://omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm
[109] Omniglot Persian(Farsi)
https://omniglot.com/writing/persian.htm
[112] Omniglot Urdu
https://omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm
[126] Urdu, Teh marbuta goal, Code point UZT 76 of Urdu Zabta Takhti 1.01, the official code page standard for Govt. of Pakistan, approved in 2001; see
https://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2001/uzt1.01.pdf
[150] RFC 5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891
[160] RFC 5893, Right-to-Left Scripts for Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA)
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5893
[201] Omniglot Arabic
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm
[401] The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository.- CLDR Version 28 (2015-09-16)- Locale Data Summary for Arabic (ar)-
https://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/ar.html
Code points cited are from the set of Main Letters
[600] Wikipedia Arabic alphabet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet
accessed 2015-10-31
Code points cited are from the set of Basic letters
[700] Saudi Network Information Center (.sa, Saudi Arabia ccTLD)
https://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables/tables/sa_ar_2.0.pdf