Reference LGR for script: Latin (Latn) | lgr-second-level-latin-full-variant-script-25oct24-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date | 2024-10-25
LGR Version | 1 (Second Level Reference LGR)
Language | und-Latn (Latin Script)
Unicode Version | 11.0.0

# Description

## INSTRUCTIONS

- These instructions cover how to adopt an LGR based on this reference LGR for a given zone and how to prepare the file for deposit in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices.
- As described the IANA procedure
  (https://www.iana.org/help/idn-repository-procedure)
  an LGR MUST contain the following elements in its header:
  - Script or Language Designator (see below for guidance)
  - Version Number (this must increase with each amendment to the LGR, even if the updates are limited to the header itself)
  - Effective Date (the date at which the policy becomes applicable in operational use)
  - Registry Contact Details (contact name, email address, and/or phone number)
- The following information is optional:
  - Document creation date
  - Applicable Domain(s)
  - Changes made to the Reference LGR before adopting

Please add or modify the following items in the XML source code for this file before depositing the document in the IANA Repository.
(https://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables)

### Meta Data

Note: version numbers start at 1. RFC 7940 recommends using simple integers. The version comment is optional, please replace or delete the default comment. Version comments may be used by some tools as part of the page header.

`<version comment="`[Please replace (or delete) the optional comment]`">`[Please fill in version number, starting at 1]`</version>`

`<date>`[Please fill in with publication date, in YYYY-MM-DD format]`</date>`

`<validity-start>`[Please fill in effective date, in YYYY-MM-DD format]`</validity-start>`

Note: the scope element may be repeated, so that the same document can serve for multiple domains.

`<scope type="domain">`[Please provide, in ".domain" format]`</scope>`

Registry Contact Information:

Please fill in the Registry Contact Details.

Change History

If you made technical modifications to the LGR, please summarize them in the Change History (and also note the details in the appropriate section of the description).

PLEASE DELETE THESE INSTRUCTIONS BEFORE DEPOSITING THE DOCUMENT

## Registry Contact Details

- Contact Name: [Please fill in Contact Name]
- Email address: [Please fill in Email address]
- Phone Number: [Please fill in optional Phone Number]

# Label Generation Rules for the Latin Script

## Overview

This document specifies a set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Latin script for the second level domain or domains identified above. This LGR contains the full set of cross-script variants required for use with the following scripts: Armenian, Cyrillic, and Greek, plus Hebrew. The starting point for the development of this LGR can be found in the related Root Zone LGR [RZ-LGR-Latn]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940]. This LGR is adapted from the “Reference LGR for the Second Level for the Latin Script” [Ref-LGR-und-Latn], for details, see Change History below.

For details and additional background on the Latin script, see “Proposal for a Latin Script Root Zone Label Generation Rule-Set (LGR)” [Proposal-Latin].

## Repertoire

The repertoire contains the 197 letters needed to write hundreds of languages in the Latin script. An additional 7 combining diacritical marks are available as part of 21 explicitly defined combining sequences. The repertoire is a subset of [Unicode 11.0.0]. For details, see Section 5, “Repertoire” in [Proposal-Latin]. (The proposal cited has been adopted for the Latin script portion of the Root Zone LGR.)

Compared to that source, an additional language is supported by adding the code point for the Middle Dot used in the Catalan Ela Geminada: U+006C U+00B7 U+006C l·l. Context rules limit U+00B7 · MIDDLE DOT to being bracketed by the letter “l”. (See also [280])

For the second level, the repertoire has been augmented with the ASCII digits, U+0030 0 to U+0039 9, plus U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS, for a total of 239 repertoire elements.

Any code points outside the Latin Script repertoire that are targets for out-of-repertoire variants would be included here only if the variant is listed in this file. In this case they are identified as a reflexive (identity) variant of type “out-of-repertoire-var”. Whether or not they are listed, they do not form part of the repertoire.

Repertoire Listing: Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts with which the code point is used and one or more other character categories. For each repertoire element, one or more references document sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire; see the “References” below. For code points that are part of the repertoire, comments identify the languages using the code point along with their [EGIDS] level.

### Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It

The Latin script is a major writing system of the world, and the most widely used in terms of the number of languages and speakers, with circa 70% of the world’s readers and writers making use of this script. From a list of 1,189 languages using the Latin script [Omniglot] the 212 languages that were taken into consideration contain all 182 languages with [EGIDS] level 1–4 together with many languages with EGIDS level 5, each spoken by more than 1 million estimated speakers. Altogether over 100 languages are cited here to justify specific additions to the repertoire, but many other languages may also be written using some subset of the repertoire of this LGR. In a few cases, code points were excluded in [MSR-5] due to security concerns; for the affected languages, only a subrepertoire could be supported. More details in Section 3, “Background on Script and Principal Languages Using It” of [Proposal-Latin].

## Variants

Unlike other LGRs for this script, which only incude the variant definitions needed when used as standalone in their zone, this LGR contains the full set of variants needed for zones shared by more than one script. Where appropriate, cross-script variants have been defined to mutually exclude labels from different scripts that could otherwise be substituted by the users. To meet the requirement for variant transitivity, additional in-script variants may be defined as needed. Once a label has been delegated for one script, any of its variant labels consisting entirely of cross-script variants would be blocked. Any label containing at least one code point that is not a cross-script variant would be considered distinct. Because of that, even large numbers of defined cross-script variants generally do not lead to a high percentage of labels experiencing a collision across scripts.

The definition of variants included in this LGR contributes to the definition of variants in the Common LGR. Even though this LGR contains the full set of variants affecting this script, use of the Common LGR is required for actual mitigation of issues caused by using multiple languages or scripts in the same zone. For details, see Section 3, "Use of Multiple Reference LGRs in the Same Zone" in [Level-2-Overview].

In-script and cross-scripts variants defined in this LGR largely follow the methodology defined in Section 6, “Variants”, in [Proposal-Latin]. In a separate appendix that proposal identifies additional candidates for visually confusable code points (see [Proposal-Latin-Appendices]). They provide data on the basis of which additional variants, or fallback variants (see following) might be defined. However, doing so would require additional review and analysis that has not been carried out for this version of the LGR.

The LGR defines certain allocatable fallback variants as described in Section 4.5.5 “Allocatable Fallback Variants” in [Level-2-Overview]. A fallback variant is a variant label that uses substitute code points for code points or sequences not available (or not allowed) in some contexts, that would otherwise be required for a linguistically accurate rendering of some label.

When “fallback” variants are defined, two labels may be allocated: a single label with the spelling preferred by the applicant, plus a single fallback variant for that label. The fallback exclusively uses the fallback characters for any characters for which fallbacks are defined, while the “preferred” label may use any otherwise valid mix of code points. If the fallback variant is the one applied for, no other variant label is allocatable.

An allocatable fallback variant exists for the following pairs where the second element of each pair is the fallback:

- U+00B7 · MIDDLE DOT and U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS — the use of the hyphen as fallback for the middle dot in the Catalan Ela Geminada follows registry practice, see [281]. The variant is limited to an Ela Geminada context.

- U+00DF ß LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S and the sequence of two letters “ss” (U+0073 U+0073) — IDNA2003 Compatibility: in IDNA2003, U+00DF ß LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S is mapped into “ss” (U+0073 U+0073). Note: the fallback is also used outside domain names, but also used in locale variants of German and the standard spelling.
- U+0131 ı LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I and U+0069 i LATIN SMALL LETTER I — IDNA2003 Compatibility: in IDNA2003, U+0131 ı LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I is mapped into U+0069 i LATIN SMALL LETTER I.

Some second level LGRs provide ASCII fallback variants for some or all accented Latin characters. Likewise the U+0153 œ Small OE Ligature and U+00E6 æ Small AE ligature have ASCII fallbacks consisting of the non-ligated “oe” and “ae” sequences. None of these fallbacks have been added to the current version of the LGR.

Overlapped Variant Sequence: Both “ss” and “s” coexist in the repertoire and “s” has variant relationships on its own. These variants thus overlap: making the variant set well-behaved for index variant calculation requires that the sequence “ss” also be given variants to all permutations of variants for the letter s followed by itself, as well as all transitive variants due to other variants for U+00DF ß, including out-of-repertoire sequences.

### In-script Variant Mapping Types

In each of the fallback variant pairs defined above, the mapping type from the first element to the second is of type “fallback”, while the variant type for the other direction is “blocked”. In addition, the first element of each pair uses the reflexive mapping “r-original”. (By convention, the prefix “r-” marks a type used in a reflexive variant mapping, that is, it represents an instance of the original code point at that location in a variant label, see Section 5.3.4 in [RFC 7940].)

### Additional variants

Where homoglyphs or near homoglyphs exist between the Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and Armenian scripts, out-of-repertoire variants are defined with a comment “Cross-script homoglyph” or “Cross-script near homoglyph” respectively. As result of integration, including the effects of cross-script transitivity, the number of cross-script variants listed for these scripts may be larger than defined in Section 6, “Variants” in [Proposal-Latin].

This LGR lists in full the variant mappings among the closely related scripts Armenian, Cyrillic, and Greek, plus Hebrew. Some other scripts also have variants of ASCII characters, but these are listed elsewhere. In addition, the Latin LGR inherits a number in-script variants as result of integration, primarily due to variants with the Greek script. These variants are marked in comments as “Required for integration”. Some of these might have been re-analyzed as fallback variants, but this has not been carried out in this version of the LGR.

Implicit Variant Sequences: The full set of inherited cross script variants would include certain otherwise redundant sequences. These are defined as having a partition into other repertoire elements, where each element has a cross-script variant of its own, making a concatenation of these variants an implicit cross-script variant for the sequence. Where such sequences do not contribute to the set of available valid labels, where they produce the same index variant as all of their valid partitions, and where they do not participate in allocatable variants, they are not listed anywhere. See Section 4.5.8 “Implicit Cross-script Variants” of [Level-2-Overview] for further details.

Note that U+0073 U+0073 ss has cross script variants that are not listed, but is itself target of a “fallback” variant mapping potentially leading to an allocatable label.

In addition, a number of letter forms like “i”, “o” and “c” are rather generic in appearance and thus give rise to cross-script variant relations with otherwise unrelated scripts.

Variant Disposition: Except for limited exceptions for the fallback variants defined above, variants defined here result in a variant label disposition of “blocked”.

For more details, see Section 11.0.2 “Cross-Script Variants” in [Proposal-Latin].

The specification of variants in this LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

## Character Classes

This LGR does not define named character classes.

## Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context rules

### Default Whole Label Evaluation Rules and Actions

By default, the LGR includes the rules and actions to implement the following restrictions mandated by the IDNA protocol. They are marked with ⍟.

- Hyphen Restrictions — restrictions on the allowable placement of hyphens (no leading/ending hyphen and no hyphen in positions 3 and 4). These restrictions are described in Section 4.2.3.1 of RFC 5891 [320]. They are implemented here as context rule on U+002D (-) HYPHEN-MINUS.
- Leading Combining Marks — restrictions on the allowable placement of combining marks (no leading combining mark). This rule is described in Section 4.2.3.2 of RFC 5891 [320].

### Latin-specific Rules

The following context rule applies to U+00B7 · MIDDLE DOT and its variants. It ensures that the middle dot is part of an Ela Geminada sequence and variants between it and HYPHEN-MINUS are only defined in that context.

- surrounded-by-L — code points are invalid and variants undefined when not surrounded by “l”

The following WLE rule invalidates labels in which two Ela Geminada sequences overlap.

- dot-L-dot — labels sharing a single “l” with two different middle dots are invalid

## Actions

### Default Actions

This LGR includes the default actions for LGRs as well as the action needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].

Because this LGR defines allocatable fallback variants the following default actions are applicable.

- blocked — a variant label containing a blocked variant will receive a disposition of “blocked”.
- r-original — a label containing one or more of this reflexive variant type and no others represents an original label and receives a disposition of “valid”.
- fallback — a label containing one or more of these variant types and no others represents a label that contains only fallback variants and receives a disposition of “allocatable”.
- fallback plus other — any label remaining containing both this variant type and any others receives a disposition of “blocked”.

These actions resolve as “allocatable” any label where all variants are of type “fallback”, and as “valid” any label where all variants are of type “r-original”. Labels with a mix of variant types are resolved as “blocked”.

To account for original code points in a permuted variant, reflexive variant mappings with an “r-” prefix are used. (See [RFC 7940]). In particular, the mapping type “r-original” is given to any code point that has a fallback mapping, but that appears in its non-fallback form in the original label, and thus “maps to itself”.

Default actions that are triggered by the LGR-specific variant types described above limit the “allocatable” variant labels to those containing only “ss”, dotted “i” or hyphen variants, while disallowing mixed use of “ss” and “ß”, Dotless i and “i”, or middle-dot and hyphen respectively, except as in the original applied-for label.

Note that the mapping types for variants are not symmetric: they depend on which code point is considered the source or the target in a given mapping. As specified in [RFC 7940], when mapping types are evaluated code points in a label that are unchanged use the type of their “reflexive” mapping. Per [RFC 7940] the actions are always applied one after the other, and the evaluation stops at the first action that assigns a disposition to a given label.

### Script-specific Actions

An action has been defined to invalidate labels containing the sequence U+00B7 U+006C U+00B7 ·l· which could otherwise result in two Ela Geminada sequences overlapping.

## Methodology and Contributors

The LGR in this document has been adapted from the corresponding Reference LGR for the Second Level. The Second Level Reference LGR for the Latin Script was developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, based on the Root Zone LGR for the Latin script and information contained or referenced therein; see [RZ-LGR-Latn]. Suitable extensions for the second level have been applied according to the [Guidelines] and with community input. The original proposal for a Root Zone LGR for the Latin script, that this LGR is based on, was developed by the Latin Generation Panel. For more information on methodology and contributors to the underlying Root Zone LGR, see Sections 4 and 8 in [Proposal-Latin], as well as [RZ-LGR-Overview].

### Changes from Version Dated 25 October 2024

Adopted from the Second Level Reference LGR for the Latin Script [Ref-LGR-und-Latn] without normative changes.

## References

The following general references are cited in this document:

[EGIDS]
  Lewis and Simons, “EGIDS: Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale,” documented in [SIL-Ethnologue] and summarized here:
  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expanded_Graded_Intergenerational_Disruption_Scale_(EGIDS)
[Guidelines]
  ICANN, “Guidelines for Developing Reference LGRs for the Second Level”, (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 27 May 2020),
  https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/lgr-guidelines-second-level-27may20-en.pdf
[Level-2-Overview]
  Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, (ICANN),“Reference Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Second Level: Overview and Summary” (PDF), (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 25 October 2024),
  https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/level2-lgr-overview-summary-25oct24-en.pdf
[MSR-5]
  Integration Panel, “Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-5 Overview and Rationale”, 24 June 2021,
  https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-5-overview-24jun21-en.pdf
[Omniglot]
  Omniglot, “Writing Systems by Language”,
  https://www.omniglot.com/writing/langalph.htm
  (accessed on 13 January 2022)
[Proposal-Latin]
  Latin Generation Panel, “Proposal for a Latin Script Root Zone Label Generation Rule-Set (LGR)”, 27 January 2022 (PDF),
  https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-latin-lgr-27jan22-en.pdf
[Proposal-Latin-Appendices]
  Appendices to “Proposal for a Latin Script Root Zone Label Generation Rule-Set (LGR)”, 27 January 2022 (ZIP),
  https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-latin-lgr-appendices-27jan22-en.zip
[Ref-LGR-und-Latn]
  ICANN, Second Level Reference Label Generation Rules for the Latin Script (und-Latn), 25 October 2024 (XML)
  https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-latin-full-variant-script-25oct24-en.xml
  non-normative HTML presentation:
  https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-latin-full-variant-script-25oct24-en.html
[RFC 7940]
  Davies, K. and A. Freytag, “Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML”, RFC 7940, August 2016,
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
  A. Freytag, “Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels”, RFC 8228, August 2017,
  https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[RZ-LGR-Overview]
  Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ LGR-5): Overview and Summary”, 26 May 2022 (PDF),
  https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-overview-26may22-en.pdf
[RZ-LGR-5]
  Integration Panel, “Root Zone Label Generation Rules (RZ-LGR-5)”, 26 May 2022 (XML),
  https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-common-26may22-en.xml
  non-normative HTML presentation:
  https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-common-26may22-en.html
[RZ-LGR-Latn]
  ICANN, Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Latin Script (und-Latn), 26 May 2022 (XML)
  https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/rz-lgr-5-latin-script-26may22-en.xml
[SIL-Ethnologue]
  David M. Eberhard, Gary F. Simons & Charles D. Fennig (eds.). 2021. Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Twenty fourth edition. Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Online version available as
  https://www.ethnologue.com
[Unicode 11.0.0]
  The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 11.0.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2018. ISBN 978-1-936213-19-1)
  https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode11.0.0/

For references consulted particularly in designing the repertoire for the Latin Script for the second level please see details in the Table of References below.

References [0] and up refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [101] and up correspond to a source given in [Proposal-Latin] for justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. In the listing of whole label evaluation and context rules, reference [320] indicates the source for common rules.

# Repertoire

## Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire | 239
Out-of-repertoire variants | 61
Total entries in table | 300
Number of code points for each script |
Armenian | 9
Cyrillic | 36
Greek | 25
Hebrew | 2
Latin | 197
Common | 12
Multiple tags per code point
Number of code points | 277
Number of sequences | 23
Longest code point sequence | 3
Code points defined via sequence | 7

## Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

Some code points that may be part of a valid label under this LGR only occur as part of one or more sequences. Such code points are not listed individually in the table.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code Point | Glyph | Script | Name | Ref | Tags | Required Context | Part of Repertoire | Variants | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
U+002D | - | Common | HYPHEN-MINUS | [0] |  | not: hyphen-minus-disallowed | ✔ | set 1 | ⍟
U+0030 | 0 | Common | DIGIT ZERO | [0] | Common-digit |  | ✔ |  | ⍟
U+0031 | 1 | Common | DIGIT ONE | [0] | Common-digit |  | ✔ |  | ⍟
U+0032 | 2 | Common | DIGIT TWO | [0] | Common-digit |  | ✔ |  | ⍟
U+0033 | 3 | Common | DIGIT THREE | [0] | Common-digit |  | ✔ |  | ⍟
U+0034 | 4 | Common | DIGIT FOUR | [0] | Common-digit |  | ✔ |  | ⍟
U+0035 | 5 | Common | DIGIT FIVE | [0] | Common-digit |  | ✔ |  | ⍟
U+0036 | 6 | Common | DIGIT SIX | [0] | Common-digit |  | ✔ |  | ⍟
U+0037 | 7 | Common | DIGIT SEVEN | [0] | Common-digit |  | ✔ |  | ⍟
U+0038 | 8 | Common | DIGIT EIGHT | [0] | Common-digit |  | ✔ |  | ⍟
U+0039 | 9 | Common | DIGIT NINE | [0] | Common-digit |  | ✔ |  | ⍟
U+0061 | a | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 2 | Basic Latin
U+0061 U+0331 | a̱ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER A + COMBINING MACRON BELOW | [129], [146] |  |  | ✔ |  | Nuer (4)
U+0062 | b | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER B | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ |  | Basic Latin
U+0063 | c | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 3 | Basic Latin
U+0064 | d | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER D | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ |  | Basic Latin
U+0065 | e | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 4 | Basic Latin
U+0065 U+0331 | e̱ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER E + COMBINING MACRON BELOW | [146] |  |  | ✔ |  | Nuer (4)
U+0066 | f | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER F | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 5 | Basic Latin
U+0067 | g | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 6 | Basic Latin
U+0067 U+0303 | g̃ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER G + COMBINING TILDE | [142], [143] |  |  | ✔ | set 7 | Guarani (1)
U+0068 | h | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER H | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 8 | Basic Latin
U+0069 | i | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 9 | Basic Latin
U+0069 U+0331 | i̱ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER I + COMBINING MACRON BELOW | [146] |  |  | ✔ |  | Nuer (4)
U+006A | j | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER J | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 10 | Basic Latin
U+006B | k | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER K | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ |  | Basic Latin
U+006C | l | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER L | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 11 | Basic Latin
U+006D | m | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER M | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ |  | Basic Latin
U+006D U+0327 | m̧ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER M + COMBINING CEDILLA | [136], [213], [214] |  |  | ✔ |  | Marshallese (1)
U+006E | n | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 12 | Basic Latin
U+006E U+0304 | n̄ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER N + COMBINING MACRON | [136], [200], [213] |  |  | ✔ | set 13 | Raga (Hano) (3), Marshallese (1)
U+006E U+0308 | n̈ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER N + COMBINING DIAERESIS | [276] |  |  | ✔ |  | Malagasy (1)
U+006F | o | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 14 | Basic Latin
U+006F U+0327 | o̧ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER O + COMBINING CEDILLA | [136] |  |  | ✔ |  | Marshallese (1)
U+006F U+0331 | o̱ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER O + COMBINING MACRON BELOW | [129], [146] |  |  | ✔ |  | Nuer (4)
U+0070 | p | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER P | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 15 | Basic Latin
U+0071 | q | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Q | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 16 | Basic Latin
U+0072 | r | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER R | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 17 | Basic Latin
U+0072 U+0303 | r̃ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH TILDE | [147] |  |  | ✔ |  | Hausa (2)
U+0073 | s | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 18 | Basic Latin
U+0073 U+0073 | ss | {Latin} | LATIN SMALL LETTER S + LATIN SMALL LETTER S |  |  |  | ✔ | set 19 | Sequence added for variant mapping
U+0074 | t | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER T | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ |  | Basic Latin
U+0075 | u | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 20 | Basic Latin
U+0076 | v | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER V | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 21 | Basic Latin
U+0077 | w | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER W | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ |  | Basic Latin
U+0078 | x | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER X | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 22 | Basic Latin
U+0079 | y | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ | set 23 | Basic Latin
U+007A | z | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Z | [0], [99] |  |  | ✔ |  | Basic Latin
U+00B7 | · | Common | MIDDLE DOT | [0], [100], [279], [280] |  | surrounded-by-L | ✔ | set 1 | Catalan (2) L·L - CONTEXTO for MIDDLE DOT in RFC 5892
U+00DF | ß | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER SHARP S | [0], [119] |  |  | ✔ | set 19 | German (1)
U+00E0 | à | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH GRAVE | [0], [106], [114], [130], [131], [132] |  |  | ✔ | set 24 | Italian (1), French (1), Galician (2), Wolof (4)
U+00E1 | á | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH ACUTE | [0], [100], [101], [102], [103], [105], [106], [107], [108] |  |  | ✔ | set 2 | Spanish (1), Czech (1), Icelandic (1), Faroese (2), Chuukese (2), Galician (2), Lule Sami (2), Northern Sami (2)
U+00E2 | â | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [106], [109], [110], [113], [114], [115], [116], [117], [275] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1), Romanian (1), Skolt Sami (2), French (1), Galician (2), West Frisian (1), Friulian (4), Xavante (4)
U+00E3 | ã | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH TILDE | [0], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145] |  |  | ✔ | set 25 | Umbundu (3), Guarani (1), Nauruan (3), Khoekhoe (4)
U+00E4 | ä | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [107], [119], [120], [121], [122], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [128], [129] |  |  | ✔ | set 26 | German (1), Finnish (1), Turkmen (1), Estonian (1), Swedish (1), Lule Sami (2), Yapese (2), Dinka (4), Kaqchikel (4), Bashkir (4), Alsatian (5), Nuer (4)
U+00E5 | å | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH RING ABOVE | [0], [107], [120], [123], [139], [140] |  |  | ✔ |  | Danish (1), Finnish (1), Chamorro (1), Swedish (1), Lule Sami (2)
U+00E6 | æ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER AE | [0], [102], [103], [139] |  |  | ✔ | set 27 | Danish (1), Icelandic (1), Faroese (2)
U+00E7 | ç | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CEDILLA | [0], [106], [114], [116], [121], [127], [157], [158], [159], [160], [161] |  |  | ✔ | set 28 | Turkish (1), Turkmen (1), Kurdish (2), French (1), Azerbaijani (1), Basque (1), Galician (2), Friulian (4), Bashkir (4)
U+00E8 | è | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH GRAVE | [0], [114], [130], [175], [182], [183] |  |  | ✔ |  | French (1), Italian (1), Afrikaans (1), Haitian Creole (1), French (1)
U+00E9 | é | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH ACUTE | [0], [100], [101], [102], [105], [106], [114], [115], [117], [130], [132], [275] |  |  | ✔ |  | French (1), Italian (1), Spanish (1), Czech (1), Icelandic (1), Chuukese (2), Galician (2), Wolof (4), Xavante (4), West Frisian (2)
U+00EA | ê | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [109], [114], [115], [116], [158], [173], [174], [175] |  |  | ✔ |  | French (1), Tswana (1), Afrikaans (1), Vietnamese (1), Kurdish (2), West Frisian (2), Friulian (4)
U+00EB | ë | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [114], [115], [124], [126], [129], [132], [175], [176], [177], [179], [180] |  |  | ✔ | set 29 | Afrikaans (1), Albanian (1), French (1), Uyghur (2), Yapese (2), Wolof (4), Drehu (4), Kaqchikel (4), West Frisian (2), Nuer (4)
U+00EC | ì | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE | [0], [130], [206], [208] |  |  | ✔ |  | Italian (1)
U+00ED | í | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH ACUTE | [0], [100], [101], [102], [103], [106], [127] |  |  | ✔ | set 9 | Spanish (1), Czech (1), Icelandic (1), Faroese (2), Galician (2), Bashkir (4)
U+00EE | î | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [110], [114], [116], [158], [175] |  |  | ✔ |  | Afrikaans (1), Romanian (1), Kurdish (2), French (1), Friulian (4)
U+00EF | ï | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [114], [115], [125], [126], [175] |  |  | ✔ | set 9 | Afrikaans (1), French (1), Kaqchikel (4), Dinka (4), West Frisian (2)
U+00F0 | ð | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER ETH | [0], [102], [103] |  |  | ✔ |  | Faroese (2), Icelandic (1)
U+00F1 | ñ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH TILDE | [0], [106], [127], [132], [136], [142], [143], [144], [149], [160], [197], [205], [221], [222], [223], [224], [225], [226], [227], [228], [229] |  |  | ✔ | set 13 | Spanish (1), Fula (3), Chamorro (1), Filipino (1), Guarani (1), Chavacano (4), Basque (1), Galician (2), Iloco (3), Quechua (3), Cape Verdean Creole (4), Waray-Waray (3), Wolof (4), Nauruan (3), Lozi (4), Bashkir (4), Marshallese (1), Mandinka (5), Igbo (2)
U+00F2 | ò | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH GRAVE | [0], [130], [182], [183] |  |  | ✔ | set 30 | Italian (1), Haitian Creole (1)
U+00F3 | ó | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH ACUTE | [0], [100], [101], [102], [105], [106], [132], [152] |  |  | ✔ | set 14 | Spanish (1), Polish (1), Czech (1), Icelandic (1), Chuukese (2), Galician (2), Wolof (4)
U+00F4 | ô | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [106], [109], [114], [115], [116], [117], [173], [174], [175], [230], [275] |  |  | ✔ |  | Tswana (1), Afrikaans (1), Vietnamese (1), French (1), Northern Sotho (1), West Frisian (2), Galician (2), Friulian (4), Xavante (4)
U+00F5 | õ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH TILDE | [0], [113], [117], [122], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [275] |  |  | ✔ | set 31 | Estonian (1), Skolt Sami (2), Umbundu (3), Guarani (1), Nauruan (3), Xavante (4), Khoekhoe (4)
U+00F6 | ö | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [115], [119], [120], [123], [124], [125], [126], [127], [129], [157], [175], [179], [180], [232] |  |  | ✔ | set 32 | German (1), Finnish (1), Afrikaans (1), Turkish (1), Swedish (1), Uygur (2), Yapese (2), Drehu (4), Kaqchikel (4), Dinka (4), Bashkir (4), Chechen (2), 1992 Version, West Frisian (2), Nuer (4)
U+00F8 | ø | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH STROKE | [0], [103], [139] |  |  | ✔ |  | Danish (1), Faroese (2)
U+00F9 | ù | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH GRAVE | [0], [114], [130], [206], [245], [246], [253] |  |  | ✔ | set 33 | Italian (1), French (1), Papiamento (1)
U+00FA | ú | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH ACUTE | [0], [100], [101], [102], [103], [105], [106], [115] |  |  | ✔ | set 20 | Spanish (1), Czech (1), Icelandic (1), Faroese (2), Chuukese (2), West Frisian (2), Galician (2)
U+00FB | û | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [114], [115], [116], [158], [175], [202], [243] |  |  | ✔ |  | Afrikaans (1), Kurdish (2), French (1), Miskito (2), West Frisian (2), Friulian (4), Zazaki (4)
U+00FC | ü | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [100], [106], [114], [119], [123], [126], [127], [157], [159], [161], [175], [179] |  |  | ✔ | set 20 | German (1), Spanish (1), Afrikaans (1), Turkish (1), Swedish (1), French (1), Azeri (1), Basque (1), Galician (2), Uygur (2), Kaqchikel (4), Bashkir (4)
U+00FD | ý | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH ACUTE | [0], [101], [102], [103], [121], [142], [143] |  |  | ✔ | set 34 | Turkmen (1), Czech (1), Icelandic (1), Faroese (2), Guarani (1)
U+00FE | þ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER THORN | [0], [102] |  |  | ✔ |  | Icelandic (1)
U+00FF | ÿ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [114], [253], [257] |  |  | ✔ | set 35 | French (1)
U+0101 | ā | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH MACRON | [0], [133], [134], [135], [136] |  |  | ✔ | set 25 | Latvian (1), Tongan (1), Hawaiian (2), Marshallese (1)
U+0103 | ă | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE | [0], [109], [110] |  |  | ✔ | set 36 | Vietnamese (1), Romanian (1)
U+0105 | ą | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH OGONEK | [0], [137], [138] |  |  | ✔ |  | Polish (1), Lithuanian (1)
U+0107 | ć | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH ACUTE | [0], [150], [151], [152] |  |  | ✔ | set 37 | Croatian (1), Serbian (1), Polish (1)
U+0109 | ĉ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [255] |  |  | ✔ |  | Esperanto (3)
U+010B | ċ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH DOT ABOVE | [0], [163] |  |  | ✔ | set 37 | Maltese (1)
U+010D | č | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH CARON | [0], [108], [133], [150], [151], [153], [154] |  |  | ✔ |  | Croatian (1), Serbian (1), Latvian (1), Slovak (1), Northern Sami (2), Lithuanian (1)
U+010F | ď | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CARON | [0], [101], [153] |  |  | ✔ |  | Czech (1), Slovak (1)
U+0111 | đ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH STROKE | [0], [108], [109], [150], [151], [168] |  |  | ✔ |  | Croatian (1), Serbian (1), Vietnamese (1), Northern Sami (2), Brahui (5)
U+0113 | ē | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH MACRON | [0], [133], [134], [135], [184] |  |  | ✔ | set 38 | Latvian (1), Hawaiian (2), Tongan (1), Minangkabau (5)
U+0117 | ė | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT ABOVE | [0], [138], [154] |  |  | ✔ |  | Lithuanian (1)
U+0119 | ę | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH OGONEK | [0], [138], [152], [154], [185] |  |  | ✔ |  | Polish (1), Palauan (2), Lithuanian (1)
U+011B | ě | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CARON | [0], [101], [172] |  |  | ✔ |  | Czech (1), Sorbian (4)
U+011D | ĝ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [255] |  |  | ✔ |  | Esperanto (3)
U+011F | ğ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH BREVE | [0], [127], [157], [159], [201], [202] |  |  | ✔ | set 39 | Turkish (1), Tatar (2), Azeri (1), Bashkir (4), Zaza (5)
U+0121 | ġ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH DOT ABOVE | [0], [163] |  |  | ✔ | set 40 | Maltese (1)
U+0123 | ģ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CEDILLA | [0], [133], [168] |  |  | ✔ | set 40 | Latvian (1), Brahui (5)
U+0125 | ĥ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [255] |  |  | ✔ |  | Esperanto (3)
U+0127 | ħ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER H WITH STROKE | [0], [163] |  |  | ✔ | set 41 | Maltese (1)
U+0129 | ĩ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH TILDE | [0], [142], [143], [145], [186], [209] |  |  | ✔ | set 42 | Guarani (1), Cubeo (3), Khoekhoe (4), Kikuyu (5)
U+012B | ī | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH MACRON | [0], [133], [134], [135], [138] |  |  | ✔ | set 42 | Latvian (1), Lithuanian (1), Hawaiian (2), Tongan (1)
U+012F | į | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH OGONEK | [0], [154] |  |  | ✔ |  | Lithuanian (1)
U+0131 | ı | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER DOTLESS I | [0], [157], [159], [201], [203] |  |  | ✔ | set 9 | Turkish (1), Tatar (2), Azeri (1)
U+0135 | ĵ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER J WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [255] |  |  | ✔ |  | Esperanto (3)
U+0137 | ķ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CEDILLA | [0], [133] |  |  | ✔ |  | Latvian (1)
U+013A | ĺ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH ACUTE | [0], [153] |  |  | ✔ |  | Slovak (1)
U+013C | ļ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CEDILLA | [0], [133], [168], [213], [214] |  |  | ✔ |  | Latvian (1), Marshallese (1), Brahui (5)
U+013E | ľ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CARON | [0], [153] |  |  | ✔ |  | Slovak (1)
U+0142 | ł | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH STROKE | [0], [152] |  |  | ✔ |  | Polish (1)
U+0144 | ń | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH ACUTE | [0], [107], [152], [168], [172] |  |  | ✔ | set 12 | Polish (1), Lule Sami (2), Sorbian (4), Brahui (5)
U+0146 | ņ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CEDILLA | [0], [133], [136] |  |  | ✔ |  | Latvian (1), Marshallese (1)
U+0148 | ň | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CARON | [0], [101], [121], [153] |  |  | ✔ |  | Turkmen (1), Czech (1), Slovak (1)
U+014B | ŋ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER ENG | [0], [108], [125], [129], [132], [146], [148], [170], [188], [189], [190], [191], [192], [193], [194], [195], [196], [197], [198], [199] |  |  | ✔ | set 12 | Inari Saami (2), Dagaare - Burkina Faso (4), Dagbani (Dagomba), (4), Northern Sami (2), Ewondo (3), Luganda (3), Wolof (4), Adzera (4), Nuer (4), Ga (4), Dinka (4), Duala (3), Ewe (3), Soga (5), Alur (5), Mandinka (5), Acholi (5), Bambara (4), Nuer (4)
U+014D | ō | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH MACRON | [0], [134], [135], [136] |  |  | ✔ | set 31 | Hawaiian (2), Marshallese (1), Tongan (1)
U+0151 | ő | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE ACUTE | [0], [233], [234] |  |  | ✔ |  | Hungarian (1)
U+0153 | œ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LIGATURE OE | [0], [114], [253] |  |  | ✔ |  | French (1)
U+0155 | ŕ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH ACUTE | [0], [153], [168] |  |  | ✔ | set 43 | Slovak (1), Brahui (5)
U+0159 | ř | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH CARON | [0], [101], [172] |  |  | ✔ |  | Czech (1), Sorbian (4)
U+015B | ś | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH ACUTE | [0], [152], [258] |  |  | ✔ |  | Polish (1), Montenegrin (1)
U+015D | ŝ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [255] |  |  | ✔ |  | Esperanto (3)
U+015F | ş | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CEDILLA | [0], [121], [127], [157], [158], [159], [168], [201], [202] |  |  | ✔ |  | Turkish (1), Turkmen (1), Kurdish (2), Tatar (2), Azeri (1), Bashkir (4), Brahui (5), Zaza (5)
U+0161 | š | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH CARON | [0], [108], [133], [150], [151], [154], [174], [230] |  |  | ✔ |  | Tswana (1), Croatian (1), Serbian (1), Latvian (1), Northern Sotho (1), Northern Sami (2), Lithuanian (1)
U+0165 | ť | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CARON | [0], [101], [153] |  |  | ✔ |  | Czech (1), Slovak (1)
U+0167 | ŧ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH STROKE | [0], [108], [168] |  |  | ✔ |  | Northern Sami (2), Brahui (5)
U+0169 | ũ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH TILDE | [0], [141], [142], [143], [144], [145], [209] |  |  | ✔ | set 44 | Umbundu (3), Guarani (1), Nauruan (3), Khoekhoe (4), Kikuyu (5)
U+016B | ū | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH MACRON | [0], [133], [134], [135], [136], [138], [154] |  |  | ✔ | set 44 | Latvian (1), Hawaiian (2), Lithuanian (1), Marshallese (1), Tongan (1)
U+016D | ŭ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH BREVE | [0], [255] |  |  | ✔ |  | Esperanto (3)
U+016F | ů | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH RING ABOVE | [0], [101] |  |  | ✔ |  | Czech (1)
U+0171 | ű | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE ACUTE | [0], [233], [234] |  |  | ✔ |  | Hungarian (1)
U+0173 | ų | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH OGONEK | [0], [138], [154] |  |  | ✔ |  | Lithuanian (1)
U+0175 | ŵ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER W WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [247], [256] |  |  | ✔ |  | Chichewa (3), Welsh (2)
U+0177 | ŷ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH CIRCUMFLEX | [0], [256] |  |  | ✔ |  | Welsh (2)
U+017A | ź | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH ACUTE | [0], [152], [168], [172], [252], [258] |  |  | ✔ | set 45 | Polish (1), Brahui (5), Sorbian (4), Montenegrin (1)
U+017C | ż | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH DOT ABOVE | [0], [152], [163] |  |  | ✔ | set 45 | Polish (1), Maltese (1)
U+017E | ž | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Z WITH CARON | [0], [108], [121], [133], [150], [151], [153], [154], [232] |  |  | ✔ |  | Lithuanian (1), Croatian (1), Serbian (1), Turkmen (1), Latvian (1), Slovak (1), Northern Sami (2), Chechen (2) 1925 Version
U+0188 | ƈ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER C WITH HOOK | [0], [277] |  |  | ✔ |  | Serer (5)
U+0192 | ƒ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER F WITH HOOK | [0], [170] |  |  | ✔ | set 5 | Ewe (3)
U+0199 | ƙ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH HOOK | [0], [147] |  |  | ✔ |  | Hausa (2)
U+01A1 | ơ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ | set 46 | Vietnamese (1)
U+01A5 | ƥ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER P WITH HOOK | [0], [277] |  |  | ✔ |  | Serer (5)
U+01AD | ƭ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH HOOK | [0], [277] |  |  | ✔ |  | Serer (5)
U+01B0 | ư | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+01B4 | ƴ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK | [0], [148], [149], [251] |  |  | ✔ |  | Dagaare - Burkina Faso (4), Fula (3)
U+01DD | ǝ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER TURNED E | [0], [240] |  |  | ✔ | set 47 | Kanuri (3)
U+01E7 | ǧ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH CARON | [0], [113] |  |  | ✔ | set 39 | Skolt Sami (2)
U+01E9 | ǩ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER K WITH CARON | [0], [113] |  |  | ✔ |  | Skolt Sami (2)
U+01EF | ǯ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH WITH CARON | [0], [113] |  |  | ✔ |  | Skolt Sami (2)
U+0219 | ș | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH COMMA BELOW | [3], [110] |  |  | ✔ |  | Romanian (1)
U+021B | ț | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH COMMA BELOW | [3], [110] |  |  | ✔ |  | Romanian (1)
U+024D | ɍ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER R WITH STROKE | [8], [240] |  |  | ✔ | set 48 | Kanuri (3)
U+0253 | ɓ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER B WITH HOOK | [0], [147], [148], [250] |  |  | ✔ |  | Hausa (2), Dagaare - Burkina Faso (4), Pulaar (3)
U+0254 | ɔ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O | [0], [129], [146], [148], [169], [170], [189], [190], [193], [194], [236], [237] |  |  | ✔ |  | Dagaare - Burkina Faso (4), Dagbani (Dagomba) (4), Lingala (2), Akan (3), Ewondo (3), Fon (3), Nuer (4), Ga (4), Duala (3), EWE (3), Nuer (4)
U+0254 U+0308 | ɔ̈ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O + COMBINING DIAERESIS | [125] |  |  | ✔ |  | DINKA (4)
U+0254 U+0331 | ɔ̱ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN O + COMBINING MACRON BELOW | [129], [146] |  |  | ✔ |  | Nuer (4)
U+0256 | ɖ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH TAIL | [0], [169], [170] |  |  | ✔ |  | Fon (3), Ewe (3)
U+0257 | ɗ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH HOOK | [0], [147], [149], [250] |  |  | ✔ |  | Hausa (2), Fula (3)
U+0259 | ə | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER SCHWA | [0], [159], [170], [190], [241] |  |  | ✔ | set 47 | Azeri, Azerbaijani (1), Ewondo (3), Ewe (3), Bugis (3)
U+025B | ɛ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E | [0], [129], [148], [169], [170], [189], [190], [193], [194], [199], [212], [236], [237], [238] |  |  | ✔ | set 49 | Dagaare - Burkina Faso (4), Lingala (2), Akan (3), Ewondo (3), Dagbani (Dagomba), (4), Fon (3), Mossi (3), Ga (4), Ewe (3), Duala (3), Bambara (4), Nuer (4)
U+025B U+0308 | ɛ̈ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E + COMBINING DIAERESIS | [125], [129], [146], [239] |  |  | ✔ |  | Nuer (4), Dinka (4)
U+025B U+0331 | ɛ̱ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E + COMBINING MACRON BELOW | [129], [146], [239] |  |  | ✔ |  | Nuer (4)
U+025B U+0331 U+0308 | ɛ̱̈ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER OPEN E + COMBINING MACRON BELOW + COMBINING DIAERESIS | [129], [146], [239] |  |  | ✔ |  | Nuer (4)
U+0260 | ɠ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH HOOK | [0], [278] |  |  | ✔ |  | Kpelle (5)
U+0263 | ɣ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER GAMMA | [0], [125], [129], [146], [170], [189] |  |  | ✔ | set 23 | Dagbani (Dagomba) (4), Nuer (4), Dinka (4), Ewe (3), Nuer (4)
U+0268 | ɨ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE | [0], [186], [189], [210], [211] |  |  | ✔ |  | Cubeo (3), Dagbani (Dagomba) (4), HIxkaryána (4), Maasai (5)
U+0268 U+0303 | ɨ̃ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH STROKE + COMBINING TILDE | [186] |  |  | ✔ |  | Cubeo (3)
U+0269 | ɩ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER IOTA | [0], [148], [212] |  |  | ✔ | set 9 | Dagaare - Burkina Faso (4), Mossi (3)
U+0272 | ɲ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LEFT HOOK | [0], [199], [218], [219] |  |  | ✔ |  | Susu (4), Zarma (4), Bambara (4)
U+0289 | ʉ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR | [0], [186], [187], [211] |  |  | ✔ |  | Cubeo (3), Maasai (5)
U+0289 U+0303 | ʉ̃ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER U BAR + COMBINING TILDE | [186], [187] |  |  | ✔ |  | Cubeo (3)
U+028B | ʋ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER V WITH HOOK | [0], [148], [170], [212], [238] |  |  | ✔ | set 20 | Dagaare - Burkina Faso (4), Mossi (3), Ewe (3)
U+0292 | ʒ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER EZH | [0], [113], [189] |  |  | ✔ | set 50 | Skolt Sami (2), Dagbani (Dagomba) (4)
U+0390 | ΐ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 9 | Not part of repertoire
U+03AC | ά | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA WITH TONOS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 2 | Not part of repertoire
U+03AD | έ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON WITH TONOS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 49 | Not part of repertoire
U+03AE | ή | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA WITH TONOS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 12 | Not part of repertoire
U+03AF | ί | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH TONOS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 9 | Not part of repertoire
U+03B0 | ΰ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA AND TONOS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 20 | Not part of repertoire
U+03B1 | α | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER ALPHA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 2 | Not part of repertoire
U+03B2 | β | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER BETA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 19 | Not part of repertoire
U+03B3 | γ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER GAMMA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 23 | Not part of repertoire
U+03B5 | ε | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER EPSILON | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 49 | Not part of repertoire
U+03B7 | η | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER ETA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 12 | Not part of repertoire
U+03B9 | ι | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 9 | Not part of repertoire
U+03BA | κ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER KAPPA | [0] | sc:Cyrl |  | ✔ | set 51 | Not part of repertoire
U+03BD | ν | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER NU | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 21 | Not part of repertoire
U+03BF | ο | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 14 | Not part of repertoire
U+03C1 | ρ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER RHO | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 15 | Not part of repertoire
U+03C2 | ς | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER FINAL SIGMA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 46 | Not part of repertoire
U+03C3 | σ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER SIGMA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 46 | Not part of repertoire
U+03C4 | τ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER TAU | [0] | sc:Cyrl |  | ✔ | set 52 | Not part of repertoire
U+03C5 | υ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 20 | Not part of repertoire
U+03C6 | φ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER PHI | [0] | sc:Cyrl |  | ✔ | set 53 | Not part of repertoire
U+03CA | ϊ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER IOTA WITH DIALYTIKA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 9 | Not part of repertoire
U+03CB | ϋ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH DIALYTIKA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 20 | Not part of repertoire
U+03CC | ό | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER OMICRON WITH TONOS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 14 | Not part of repertoire
U+03CD | ύ | Greek | GREEK SMALL LETTER UPSILON WITH TONOS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 20 | Not part of repertoire
U+0430 | а | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 2 | Not part of repertoire
U+0433 | г | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 17 | Not part of repertoire
U+0435 | е | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 4 | Not part of repertoire
U+043A | к | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA | [0] |  |  | ✔ | set 51 | Not part of repertoire
U+043E | о | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 14 | Not part of repertoire
U+0440 | р | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 15 | Not part of repertoire
U+0441 | с | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 3 | Not part of repertoire
U+0442 | т | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE | [0] |  |  | ✔ | set 52 | Not part of repertoire
U+0443 | у | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 23 | Not part of repertoire
U+0444 | ф | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF | [0] |  |  | ✔ | set 53 | Not part of repertoire
U+0445 | х | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 22 | Not part of repertoire
U+0448 | ш | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA | [0] |  |  | ✔ | set 54 | Not part of repertoire
U+0451 | ё | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 29 | Not part of repertoire
U+0453 | ѓ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 43 | Not part of repertoire
U+0455 | ѕ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 18 | Not part of repertoire
U+0455 U+0455 | ѕѕ | {Cyrillic} | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE + CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 19 | Not part of repertoire
U+0456 | і | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BYELORUSSIAN-UKRAINIAN I | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 9 | Not part of repertoire
U+0457 | ї | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YI | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 9 | Not part of repertoire
U+0458 | ј | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER JE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 10 | Not part of repertoire
U+045B | ћ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSHE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 41 | Not part of repertoire
U+045F | џ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZHE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 55 | Not part of repertoire
U+0493 | ғ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH STROKE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 48 | Not part of repertoire
U+04AB | ҫ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES WITH DESCENDER | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 28 | Not part of repertoire
U+04AF | ү | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER STRAIGHT U | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 23 | Not part of repertoire
U+04BB | һ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHHA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 8 | Not part of repertoire
U+04CF | ӏ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PALOCHKA | [8] |  |  | ✗ | set 11 | Not part of repertoire
U+04D1 | ӑ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 36 | Not part of repertoire
U+04D3 | ӓ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH DIAERESIS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 26 | Not part of repertoire
U+04D5 | ӕ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LIGATURE A IE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 27 | Not part of repertoire
U+04D9 | ә | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SCHWA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 47 | Not part of repertoire
U+04E1 | ӡ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ABKHASIAN DZE | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 50 | Not part of repertoire
U+04E7 | ӧ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH DIAERESIS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 32 | Not part of repertoire
U+04F1 | ӱ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DIAERESIS | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 35 | Not part of repertoire
U+0561 | ա | Armenian | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER AYB | [0] | sc:Cyrl |  | ✔ | set 54 | Not part of repertoire
U+0566 | զ | Armenian | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER ZA | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 16 | Not part of repertoire
U+0570 | հ | Armenian | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER HO | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 8 | Not part of repertoire
U+0572 | ղ | Armenian | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER GHAD | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 12 | Not part of repertoire
U+0578 | ո | Armenian | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER VO | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 12 | Not part of repertoire
U+057D | ս | Armenian | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER SEH | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 20 | Not part of repertoire
U+0581 | ց | Armenian | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER CO | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 6 | Not part of repertoire
U+0582 | ւ | Armenian | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER YIWN | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 9 | Not part of repertoire
U+0585 | օ | Armenian | ARMENIAN SMALL LETTER OH | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 14 | Not part of repertoire
U+05D5 | ו | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER VAV | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 9 | Not part of repertoire
U+05E1 | ס | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH | [0] |  |  | ✗ | set 14 | Not part of repertoire
U+1E13 | ḓ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER D WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW | [0], [164], [257] |  |  | ✔ |  | Venda (1)
U+1E21 | ḡ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER G WITH MACRON | [0], [200] |  |  | ✔ | set 7 | Raga (Hano) (3)
U+1E3D | ḽ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER L WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW | [0], [164], [257] |  |  | ✔ |  | Venda (1)
U+1E45 | ṅ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH DOT ABOVE | [0], [164], [257] |  |  | ✔ | set 12 | Venda (1)
U+1E49 | ṉ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH LINE BELOW | [0], [220] |  |  | ✔ |  | Pitjantjatjara (4)
U+1E4B | ṋ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER N WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW | [0], [164], [257] |  |  | ✔ |  | Venda (1)
U+1E63 | ṣ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER S WITH DOT BELOW | [0], [254] |  |  | ✔ |  | Yoruba (2)
U+1E6D | ṭ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH DOT BELOW | [0], [242] |  |  | ✔ |  | Mizo (4)
U+1E71 | ṱ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER T WITH CIRCUMFLEX BELOW | [0], [164], [257] |  |  | ✔ |  | Venda (1)
U+1E8D | ẍ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER X WITH DIAERESIS | [0], [248], [249] |  |  | ✔ |  | Mam (4)
U+1EA1 | ạ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH DOT BELOW | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EA3 | ả | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ | set 24 | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EA5 | ấ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EA7 | ầ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EA9 | ẩ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EAB | ẫ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EAD | ậ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EAF | ắ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND ACUTE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EB1 | ằ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND GRAVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EB3 | ẳ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EB5 | ẵ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND TILDE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EB7 | ặ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER A WITH BREVE AND DOT BELOW | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EB9 | ẹ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW | [0], [254] |  |  | ✔ |  | Yoruba (2)
U+1EB9 U+0300 | ẹ̀ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW + COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT | [254] |  |  | ✔ |  | Yoruba (2)
U+1EB9 U+0301 | ẹ́ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH DOT BELOW + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT | [254] |  |  | ✔ |  | Yoruba (2)
U+1EBB | ẻ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EBD | ẽ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH TILDE | [0], [117], [141], [142], [143], [186], [187], [275] |  |  | ✔ | set 38 | Umbundu (3), Guarani (1), Cubeo (3), Xavante (4)
U+1EBF | ế | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EC1 | ề | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EC3 | ể | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EC5 | ễ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EC7 | ệ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER E WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EC9 | ỉ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ | set 9 | Vietnamese (1)
U+1ECB | ị | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER I WITH DOT BELOW | [0], [205] |  |  | ✔ |  | Igbo (2)
U+1ECD | ọ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW | [0], [136], [204], [205], [215], [216], [254] |  |  | ✔ |  | Igbo (2), Yoruba (2), Marshallese (1)
U+1ECD U+0300 | ọ̀ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW + COMBINING GRAVE ACCENT | [254] |  |  | ✔ |  | Yoruba (2)
U+1ECD U+0301 | ọ́ | {Latin, Inherited} | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH DOT BELOW + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT | [254] |  |  | ✔ |  | Yoruba (2)
U+1ECF | ỏ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ | set 30 | Vietnamese (1)
U+1ED1 | ố | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND ACUTE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1ED3 | ồ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND GRAVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1ED5 | ổ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1ED7 | ỗ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND TILDE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1ED9 | ộ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH CIRCUMFLEX AND DOT BELOW | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EDB | ớ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND ACUTE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EDD | ờ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND GRAVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EDF | ở | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EE1 | ỡ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND TILDE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EE3 | ợ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER O WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EE5 | ụ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH DOT BELOW | [0], [109], [204], [205] |  |  | ✔ | set 55 | Vietnamese (1), Igbo (2)
U+1EE7 | ủ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ | set 33 | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EE9 | ứ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND ACUTE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EEB | ừ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND GRAVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EED | ử | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EEF | ữ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND TILDE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EF1 | ự | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER U WITH HORN AND DOT BELOW | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EF3 | ỳ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH GRAVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ | set 34 | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EF5 | ỵ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH DOT BELOW | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EF7 | ỷ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH HOOK ABOVE | [0], [109] |  |  | ✔ | set 34 | Vietnamese (1)
U+1EF9 | ỹ | Latin | LATIN SMALL LETTER Y WITH TILDE | [0], [109], [142] |  |  | ✔ |  | Vietnamese (1), Guarani (1)

Legend

Throughout this LGR, a code point sequence may be annotated with a string in ALL CAPS that is constructed on the same principle as a name for a Unicode Named Sequence. No claim is made that a sequence thus annotated is in fact a named sequence, nor that the annotation in such case actually corresponds to the formal name of a named sequence.

Code Point
  A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph
  The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
  Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common. Sequences are annotated with a set of all distinct script values.
Name
  Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database. Named sequences are listed with their normative names, for ad-hoc sequences the individual names are shown separated by “+”.
Ref
  Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
  LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view. For sequences, the tags for all member code points are shown in [] for information; sequences as such do not have tags.
Required Context
  Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
  Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment
  The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.
✔ - core repertoire
  A check mark in the Part-of-repertoire column indicates a code point is part of the core repertoire.
✗ - out-of-repertoire
  A code point shown with ✗ is not part of the repertoire. It is listed only because it is the target of an out-of-repertoire-var variant mapping.

# Variants

## Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets | 55
Largest variant set | 14
Ordinary Variants by Type |
blocked 521
fallback 3
Reflexive Variants by Type |
out-of-repertoire-var 61
r-original 3

## Variant Sets

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and variant sets for each context are disjoint, but code points that have variants with multiple contexts are members of more than one set.

Common Legend

Source
  By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
  By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
  The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
→ - forward
  Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
← - reverse
  Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
↔ - both
  Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
≡ - reflexive
  Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
Type
  The type of the variant mapping, including predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”; or any that are defined specifically for this LGR. A reflexive variant type “out-of-repertoire-var” designates the target as not part of the repertoire; it is required as target for one or more variant mappings that cross repertoire boundaries. In this LGR, types for variants between out-of-repertoire code points are shown in italic while types for pure in-repertoire variants are shown in bold.
Required Context
  Link to the rule defining a required context the source must satisfy for the variant mapping to be defined. If prefixed by “not:”, identifies a context that must not occur.
Ref
  One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
  A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

### Variant Set 1 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Required Context | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
002D | - | 00B7 | · | → | blocked | surrounded-by-L | [281] | Middle dot in Ela Geminada
← | fallback | surrounded-by-L |  | Fallback
00B7 | · | 00B7 | · | ≡ | r-original | surrounded-by-L |  | Middle Dot in the original label

### Variant Set 2 — 5 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0061 | a | 00E1 | á | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0061 | a | 03AC | ά | ↔ | blocked |  |
0061 | a | 03B1 | α | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0061 | a | 0430 | а | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
00E1 | á | 03AC | ά | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
00E1 | á | 03B1 | α | ↔ | blocked |  |
00E1 | á | 0430 | а | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AC | ά | 03AC | ά | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03AC | ά | 03B1 | α | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AC | ά | 0430 | а | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B1 | α | 03B1 | α | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03B1 | α | 0430 | а | ↔ | blocked |  |
0430 | а | 0430 | а | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 3 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0063 | c | 0441 | с | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0441 | с | 0441 | с | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0065 | e | 0435 | е | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0435 | е | 0435 | е | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0066 | f | 0192 | ƒ | ↔ | blocked |  | Generally acceptable alternate glyph

### Variant Set 6 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0067 | g | 0581 | ց | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0581 | ց | 0581 | ց | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 7 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0067 0303 | g̃ | 1E21 | ḡ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 8 — 3 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0068 | h | 04BB | һ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0068 | h | 0570 | հ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
04BB | һ | 04BB | һ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
04BB | һ | 0570 | հ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0570 | հ | 0570 | հ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 9 — 14 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0069 | i | 00ED | í | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0069 | i | 00EF | ï | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0069 | i | 0131 | ı | → | blocked |  | IDNA2003 Compatibility
← | fallback |  | IDNA2003 Compatibility
0069 | i | 0269 | ɩ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0069 | i | 0390 | ΐ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0069 | i | 03AF | ί | ↔ | blocked |  |
0069 | i | 03B9 | ι | ↔ | blocked |  |
0069 | i | 03CA | ϊ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0069 | i | 0456 | і | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0069 | i | 0457 | ї | ↔ | blocked |  |
0069 | i | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0069 | i | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
0069 | i | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical
00ED | í | 00EF | ï | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
00ED | í | 0131 | ı | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
00ED | í | 0269 | ɩ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
00ED | í | 0390 | ΐ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00ED | í | 03AF | ί | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
00ED | í | 03B9 | ι | ↔ | blocked |  |
00ED | í | 03CA | ϊ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00ED | í | 0456 | і | ↔ | blocked |  |
00ED | í | 0457 | ї | ↔ | blocked |  |
00ED | í | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00ED | í | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
00ED | í | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
00EF | ï | 0131 | ı | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
00EF | ï | 0269 | ɩ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
00EF | ï | 0390 | ΐ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00EF | ï | 03AF | ί | ↔ | blocked |  |
00EF | ï | 03B9 | ι | ↔ | blocked |  |
00EF | ï | 03CA | ϊ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
00EF | ï | 0456 | і | ↔ | blocked |  |
00EF | ï | 0457 | ї | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
00EF | ï | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00EF | ï | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
00EF | ï | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0131 | ı | 0131 | ı | ≡ | r-original |  | Dotless form in the original label
0131 | ı | 0269 | ɩ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical
0131 | ı | 0390 | ΐ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0131 | ı | 03AF | ί | ↔ | blocked |  |
0131 | ı | 03B9 | ι | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0131 | ı | 03CA | ϊ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0131 | ı | 0456 | і | ↔ | blocked |  |
0131 | ı | 0457 | ї | ↔ | blocked |  |
0131 | ı | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0131 | ı | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph /
0131 | ı | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0269 | ɩ | 0390 | ΐ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0269 | ɩ | 03AF | ί | ↔ | blocked |  |
0269 | ɩ | 03B9 | ι | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0269 | ɩ | 03CA | ϊ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0269 | ɩ | 0456 | і | ↔ | blocked |  |
0269 | ɩ | 0457 | ї | ↔ | blocked |  |
0269 | ɩ | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0269 | ɩ | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
0269 | ɩ | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0390 | ΐ | 0390 | ΐ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0390 | ΐ | 03AF | ί | ↔ | blocked |  |
0390 | ΐ | 03B9 | ι | ↔ | blocked |  |
0390 | ΐ | 03CA | ϊ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0390 | ΐ | 0456 | і | ↔ | blocked |  |
0390 | ΐ | 0457 | ї | ↔ | blocked |  |
0390 | ΐ | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0390 | ΐ | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
0390 | ΐ | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AF | ί | 03AF | ί | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03AF | ί | 03B9 | ι | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AF | ί | 03CA | ϊ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AF | ί | 0456 | і | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AF | ί | 0457 | ї | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AF | ί | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AF | ί | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AF | ί | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B9 | ι | 03B9 | ι | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03B9 | ι | 03CA | ϊ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B9 | ι | 0456 | і | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B9 | ι | 0457 | ї | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B9 | ι | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B9 | ι | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B9 | ι | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03CA | ϊ | 03CA | ϊ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03CA | ϊ | 0456 | і | ↔ | blocked |  |
03CA | ϊ | 0457 | ї | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
03CA | ϊ | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03CA | ϊ | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
03CA | ϊ | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0456 | і | 0456 | і | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0456 | і | 0457 | ї | ↔ | blocked |  |
0456 | і | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0456 | і | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
0456 | і | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0457 | ї | 0457 | ї | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0457 | ї | 0582 | ւ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0457 | ї | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
0457 | ї | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0582 | ւ | 0582 | ւ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0582 | ւ | 05D5 | ו | ↔ | blocked |  |
0582 | ւ | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  |
05D5 | ו | 05D5 | ו | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
05D5 | ו | 1EC9 | ỉ | ↔ | blocked |  |

### Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
006A | j | 0458 | ј | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0458 | ј | 0458 | ј | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 11 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
006C | l | 04CF | ӏ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
04CF | ӏ | 04CF | ӏ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 12 — 8 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
006E | n | 0144 | ń | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
006E | n | 014B | ŋ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
006E | n | 03AE | ή | ↔ | blocked |  |
006E | n | 03B7 | η | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
006E | n | 0572 | ղ | ↔ | blocked |  |
006E | n | 0578 | ո | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
006E | n | 1E45 | ṅ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0144 | ń | 014B | ŋ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0144 | ń | 03AE | ή | ↔ | blocked |  |
0144 | ń | 03B7 | η | ↔ | blocked |  |
0144 | ń | 0572 | ղ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0144 | ń | 0578 | ո | ↔ | blocked |  |
0144 | ń | 1E45 | ṅ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical
014B | ŋ | 03AE | ή | ↔ | blocked |  |
014B | ŋ | 03B7 | η | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
014B | ŋ | 0572 | ղ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
014B | ŋ | 0578 | ո | ↔ | blocked |  |
014B | ŋ | 1E45 | ṅ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
03AE | ή | 03AE | ή | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03AE | ή | 03B7 | η | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AE | ή | 0572 | ղ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AE | ή | 0578 | ո | ↔ | blocked |  |
03AE | ή | 1E45 | ṅ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B7 | η | 03B7 | η | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03B7 | η | 0572 | ղ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B7 | η | 0578 | ո | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B7 | η | 1E45 | ṅ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0572 | ղ | 0572 | ղ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0572 | ղ | 0578 | ո | ↔ | blocked |  |
0572 | ղ | 1E45 | ṅ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0578 | ո | 0578 | ո | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0578 | ո | 1E45 | ṅ | ↔ | blocked |  |

### Variant Set 13 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
006E 0304 | n̄ | 00F1 | ñ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 14 — 7 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
006F | o | 00F3 | ó | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
006F | o | 03BF | ο | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
006F | o | 03CC | ό | ↔ | blocked |  |
006F | o | 043E | о | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
006F | o | 0585 | օ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
006F | o | 05E1 | ס | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
00F3 | ó | 03BF | ο | ↔ | blocked |  |
00F3 | ó | 03CC | ό | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
00F3 | ó | 043E | о | ↔ | blocked |  |
00F3 | ó | 0585 | օ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00F3 | ó | 05E1 | ס | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
03BF | ο | 03BF | ο | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03BF | ο | 03CC | ό | ↔ | blocked |  |
03BF | ο | 043E | о | ↔ | blocked |  |
03BF | ο | 0585 | օ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03BF | ο | 05E1 | ס | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
03CC | ό | 03CC | ό | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03CC | ό | 043E | о | ↔ | blocked |  |
03CC | ό | 0585 | օ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03CC | ό | 05E1 | ס | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
043E | о | 043E | о | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
043E | о | 0585 | օ | ↔ | blocked |  |
043E | о | 05E1 | ס | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0585 | օ | 0585 | օ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0585 | օ | 05E1 | ס | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
05E1 | ס | 05E1 | ס | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 15 — 3 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0070 | p | 03C1 | ρ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0070 | p | 0440 | р | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
03C1 | ρ | 03C1 | ρ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03C1 | ρ | 0440 | р | ↔ | blocked |  |
0440 | р | 0440 | р | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0071 | q | 0566 | զ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0566 | զ | 0566 | զ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 17 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0072 | r | 0433 | г | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0433 | г | 0433 | г | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 18 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0073 | s | 0455 | ѕ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0455 | ѕ | 0455 | ѕ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 19 — 4 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0073 0073 | ss | 00DF | ß | → | blocked |  | IDNA2003 Compatibility
← | fallback |  | IDNA2003 Compatibility
0073 0073 | ss | 03B2 | β | ↔ | blocked |  |
0073 0073 | ss | 0455 0455 | ѕѕ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
00DF | ß | 00DF | ß | ≡ | r-original |  | Eszett in the original label
00DF | ß | 03B2 | β | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
00DF | ß | 0455 0455 | ѕѕ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B2 | β | 03B2 | β | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03B2 | β | 0455 0455 | ѕѕ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0455 0455 | ѕѕ | 0455 0455 | ѕѕ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 20 — 9 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0075 | u | 00FA | ú | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0075 | u | 00FC | ü | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0075 | u | 028B | ʋ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0075 | u | 03B0 | ΰ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0075 | u | 03C5 | υ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0075 | u | 03CB | ϋ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0075 | u | 03CD | ύ | ↔ | blocked |  |
0075 | u | 057D | ս | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
00FA | ú | 00FC | ü | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
00FA | ú | 028B | ʋ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
00FA | ú | 03B0 | ΰ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00FA | ú | 03C5 | υ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00FA | ú | 03CB | ϋ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00FA | ú | 03CD | ύ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
00FA | ú | 057D | ս | ↔ | blocked |  |
00FC | ü | 028B | ʋ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
00FC | ü | 03B0 | ΰ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00FC | ü | 03C5 | υ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00FC | ü | 03CB | ϋ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
00FC | ü | 03CD | ύ | ↔ | blocked |  |
00FC | ü | 057D | ս | ↔ | blocked |  |
028B | ʋ | 03B0 | ΰ | ↔ | blocked |  |
028B | ʋ | 03C5 | υ | ↔ | blocked |  |
028B | ʋ | 03CB | ϋ | ↔ | blocked |  |
028B | ʋ | 03CD | ύ | ↔ | blocked |  |
028B | ʋ | 057D | ս | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B0 | ΰ | 03B0 | ΰ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03B0 | ΰ | 03C5 | υ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B0 | ΰ | 03CB | ϋ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B0 | ΰ | 03CD | ύ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B0 | ΰ | 057D | ս | ↔ | blocked |  |
03C5 | υ | 03C5 | υ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03C5 | υ | 03CB | ϋ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03C5 | υ | 03CD | ύ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03C5 | υ | 057D | ս | ↔ | blocked |  |
03CB | ϋ | 03CB | ϋ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03CB | ϋ | 03CD | ύ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03CB | ϋ | 057D | ս | ↔ | blocked |  |
03CD | ύ | 03CD | ύ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03CD | ύ | 057D | ս | ↔ | blocked |  |
057D | ս | 057D | ս | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 21 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0076 | v | 03BD | ν | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
03BD | ν | 03BD | ν | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 22 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0078 | x | 0445 | х | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0445 | х | 0445 | х | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 23 — 5 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0079 | y | 0263 | ɣ | ↔ | blocked |  | Required for integration
0079 | y | 03B3 | γ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0079 | y | 0443 | у | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0079 | y | 04AF | ү | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0263 | ɣ | 03B3 | γ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0263 | ɣ | 0443 | у | ↔ | blocked |  |
0263 | ɣ | 04AF | ү | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B3 | γ | 03B3 | γ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03B3 | γ | 0443 | у | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B3 | γ | 04AF | ү | ↔ | blocked |  |
0443 | у | 0443 | у | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
0443 | у | 04AF | ү | ↔ | blocked |  |
04AF | ү | 04AF | ү | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 24 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00E0 | à | 1EA3 | ả | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 25 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00E3 | ã | 0101 | ā | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 26 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00E4 | ä | 04D3 | ӓ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
04D3 | ӓ | 04D3 | ӓ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 27 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00E6 | æ | 04D5 | ӕ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
04D5 | ӕ | 04D5 | ӕ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 28 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00E7 | ç | 04AB | ҫ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
04AB | ҫ | 04AB | ҫ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 29 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00EB | ë | 0451 | ё | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0451 | ё | 0451 | ё | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 30 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00F2 | ò | 1ECF | ỏ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 31 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00F5 | õ | 014D | ō | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 32 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00F6 | ö | 04E7 | ӧ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
04E7 | ӧ | 04E7 | ӧ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 33 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00F9 | ù | 1EE7 | ủ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 34 — 3 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00FD | ý | 1EF3 | ỳ | ↔ | blocked |  | Variant due to transitivity
00FD | ý | 1EF7 | ỷ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical
1EF3 | ỳ | 1EF7 | ỷ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 35 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
00FF | ÿ | 04F1 | ӱ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
04F1 | ӱ | 04F1 | ӱ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 36 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0103 | ă | 04D1 | ӑ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
04D1 | ӑ | 04D1 | ӑ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 37 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0107 | ć | 010B | ċ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 38 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0113 | ē | 1EBD | ẽ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 39 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
011F | ğ | 01E7 | ǧ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 40 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0121 | ġ | 0123 | ģ | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 41 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0127 | ħ | 045B | ћ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
045B | ћ | 045B | ћ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 42 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0129 | ĩ | 012B | ī | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 43 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0155 | ŕ | 0453 | ѓ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0453 | ѓ | 0453 | ѓ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 44 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0169 | ũ | 016B | ū | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 45 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
017A | ź | 017C | ż | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical

### Variant Set 46 — 3 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
01A1 | ơ | 03C2 | ς | ↔ | blocked |  |
01A1 | ơ | 03C3 | σ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
03C2 | ς | 03C2 | ς | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03C2 | ς | 03C3 | σ | ↔ | blocked |  |
03C3 | σ | 03C3 | σ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 47 — 3 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
01DD | ǝ | 0259 | ə | ↔ | blocked |  | Glyphs either homoglyph or nearly identical
01DD | ǝ | 04D9 | ә | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
0259 | ə | 04D9 | ә | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
04D9 | ә | 04D9 | ә | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 48 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
024D | ɍ | 0493 | ғ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph
0493 | ғ | 0493 | ғ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 49 — 3 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
025B | ɛ | 03AD | έ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
025B | ɛ | 03B5 | ε | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
03AD | έ | 03AD | έ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
03AD | έ | 03B5 | ε | ↔ | blocked |  |
03B5 | ε | 03B5 | ε | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 50 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0292 | ʒ | 04E1 | ӡ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph
04E1 | ӡ | 04E1 | ӡ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire

### Variant Set 51 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
03BA | κ | 043A | к | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 52 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
03C4 | τ | 0442 | т | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 53 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
03C6 | φ | 0444 | ф | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 54 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
0448 | ш | 0561 | ա | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script homoglyph

### Variant Set 55 — 2 Members

Source | Glyph | Target | Glyph |  | Type | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
045F | џ | 045F | џ | ≡ | out-of-repertoire-var |  | Out-of-repertoire
045F | џ | 1EE5 | ụ | ↔ | blocked |  | Cross-script near homoglyph

# Classes, Rules and Actions

## Character Classes

Implicit (except script) | 1
Implicit defined by script tag | 6

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name | Definition | Count | Members or Ranges | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
implicit | Tag=Common-digit | 10 | {0030-0039} |  | Any character tagged as Common-digit
implicit | Tag=sc:Armn | 9 | {0561 0566 0570 0572 0578 057D 0581-0582 0585} |  | Any character tagged as Armenian
implicit | Tag=sc:Cyrl | 36 | {03BA 03C4 03C6 0430 0433 0435 043A 043E 0440-0445 0448 0451 0453 0455-0458 045B 045F 0493 04AB 04AF 04BB 04CF 04D1 04D3 04D5 04D9 04E1 04E7 04F1 0561} |  | Any character tagged as Cyrillic
implicit | Tag=sc:Grek | 25 | {0390 03AC-03B3 03B5 03B7 03B9-03BA 03BD 03BF 03C1-03C6 03CA-03CD} |  | Any character tagged as Greek
implicit | Tag=sc:Hebr | 2 | {05D5 05E1} |  | Any character tagged as Hebrew
implicit | Tag=sc:Latn | 197 | {0061-007A 00DF-00F6 00F8-00FF 0101 0103 0105 0107 0109 010B 010D 010F 0111 0113 0117 0119 011B 011D 011F 0121 0123 0125 0127 0129 012B 012F 0131 0135 0137 ...} |  | Any character tagged as Latin
implicit | Tag=sc:Zyyy | 12 | {002D 0030-0039 00B7} |  | Any character tagged as Common

Legend

Members or Ranges
  Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt
  A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit
  An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value and for which there is no named equivalent.

## Whole label evaluation and context rules

Number of rules | 4
Used to trigger actions | 2
Used as context rule (C) | 2
Used as context rule (V) | 1
Anchored context rules | 2

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name | Regular Expression | Used as Trigger | Anchor | Used as Context | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
leading-combining-mark | `(start)[[\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [∅=\p{gc=Mc}]]` | ✔ |  |  | [320] | RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
hyphen-minus-disallowed | `((((start))← ⚓︎)|(⚓︎ →((end)))|(((start)..\u002D)← ⚓︎))` |  | ✔ | C | [320] | RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D - HYPHEN-MINUS ⍟
surrounded-by-L | `(\u006C)← ⚓︎ →(\u006C)` |  | ✔ | C, V |  | code point both follows and precedes L, required context for Ela Geminada ⍟
dot-L-dot | `\u00B7\u006C\u00B7` | ✔ |  |  |  | labels with one L sharing two middle dots are invalid ⍟

Legend

Used as Trigger
  This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
  This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
  This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
  A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓︎ - context anchor
  Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(?<=...) - look-behind
  If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
(?=...) - look-ahead
  If present encloses required context following the anchor.
( ) - group
  An anonymous nested rule is used to group match operators.
(... | ...) - choice
  When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
^ or $ - start or end
  ^ matches the start of the label; $ matches the end of the label.
. - any code point
  . matches any code point.
[\p{ }] - property
  Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
[&&, -, ^] - set operators
  Sets may be combined by set operators (&& = intersection, - = difference, ^ = symmetric difference) or concatenated (union).
∅= - empty set
  Indicates that the following set is empty because of the result of set operations, or because none of its elements is part of the repertoire defined here. A rule with a non-optional empty set never matches.
⍟ - default rule
  Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

## Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# | Condition | Rule / Variant Set |  | Disposition | Ref | Comment
--- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | ---
1 | if label matches | leading-combining-mark | → | invalid |  | labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
2 | if at least one variant is in | {out-of-repertoire-var} | → | invalid |  | any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
3 | if label matches | dot-L-dot | → | invalid |  | labels with one L sharing two middle dots are invalid
4 | if at least one variant is in | {blocked} | → | blocked |  | any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
5 | if each variant is in | {allocatable} | → | allocatable |  | variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟
6 | if each variant is in | {fallback} | → | allocatable |  | any label with all variants of type fallback is allocatable ⍟
7 | if at least one variant is in | {fallback} | → | blocked |  | any variant label with a mix of variant forms is blocked ⍟
8 | if each variant is in | {r-original} | → | valid |  | any remaining label containing only original code points is valid ⍟
9 | if any label (catch-all) |  | → | valid |  | catch all (default action) ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set
  In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
  Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

Note: The following variant types are used in one or more actions, but are not defined in this LGR: allocatable. This is not necessarily an error.

# Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the References section in the Description.

[0] | The Unicode Standard, Version 1.1 Any code point originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1
[3] | The Unicode Standard, Version 3.0 Any code point originally encoded in Unicode Version 3.0
[8] | The Unicode Standard, Version 5.0 Any code point originally encoded in Unicode Version 5.0
[99] | C0 Controls and Basic Latin, The Unicode Standard https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0000.pdf Any code point cited is part of the Basic Latin (ASCII) set
[100] | ICANN, Second Level Reference Label Generation Rules for Spanish https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/packages/lgr/lgr-second-level-spanish-30aug16-en.html (Accessed on 31 August 2018)
[101] | Omniglot, Czech (čeština) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/czech.htm (Accessed on 31 August 2018)
[102] | Omniglot, Icelandic (Íslenska) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/icelandic.htm (Accessed on 31 August 2018)
[103] | Omniglot, Faroese (føroyskt mál) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/faroese.htm (Accessed on 31 August 2018)
[105] | Omniglot, Chuukese (Chuuk) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/chuukese.htm (Accessed on 31 August 2018)
[106] | ScriptSource, Galician written with Latin script https://scriptsource.org/cms/scripts/page.php?item_id=wrSys_detail&key=gl-Latn (Accessed on 1 May 2023)
[107] | Omniglot, Lule Sámi (julevsámegiella) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/lulesami.htm (Accessed on 31 August 2018)
[108] | Wikipedia, Northern Sami https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Sami (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[109] | Omniglot, Vietnamese (tiếng việt / 㗂越) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/vietnamese.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[110] | Omniglot, Romanian (limba română) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/romanian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[113] | Omniglot, Skolt Sámi (Sääˊmǩiõll / Nuõrttsää’m) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/skoltsami.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[114] | Omniglot, French (français) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/french.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[115] | Omniglot, West Frisian (Frysk) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/westfrisian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[116] | Omniglot, Friulian (furlan/marilenghe) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/friulian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[117] | Summer Institute of Linguistics, Pequeno dicionário: Xavante-Português, Português-Xavante https://www.sil.org/resources/archives/17019 (Accessed on 1 October 2020)
[119] | Omniglot, German (Deutsch) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/german.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[120] | Omniglot, Finnish (suomi) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/finnish.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[121] | Omniglot, Turkmen (Türkmen dili / Түркмен дили) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/turkmen.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[122] | Omniglot, Estonian (eesti keel) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/estonian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[123] | Omniglot, Swedish (svenska) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/swedish.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[124] | Omniglot, Yapese (Waab) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/yapese.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[125] | Omniglot, Dinka (Thuɔŋjäŋ) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/dinka.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[126] | Omniglot, Kaqchikel (Kaqchikel Ch’ab’äl) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kaqchikel.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[127] | Omniglot, Bashkir/Bashkort (Башҡорт теле / Başqort tele) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/bashkir.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[128] | Omniglot, Alsatian (Ëlsässisch) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/alsatian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[129] | Wikipedia, Nuer language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuer_language (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[130] | Omniglot, Italian (italiano) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/italian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[131] | Wikipedia, Italian orthography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Italian_orthography (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[132] | Omniglot, Wolof (Wollof) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/wolof.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[133] | Omniglot, Latvian (latviešu valoda) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/latvian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[134] | Omniglot, Tongan (Faka-Tonga) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tongan.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[135] | Omniglot, Hawaiian (ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hawaiian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[136] | Omniglot, Marshallese (kajin m̧ajeļ) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/marshallese.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[137] | Omniglot, Polish (polski) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/polish.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[138] | Omniglot, Lithuanian (lietuvių kalba) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/lithuanian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[139] | Omniglot, Danish (dansk) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/danish.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[140] | Omniglot, Chamorro (chamoru) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/chamorro.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[141] | Omniglot, Umbundu (Úmbúndú) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/umbundu.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[142] | Omniglot, Guaraní (Avañe’ẽ) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/guarani.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[143] | Wikipedia, Guarani alphabet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani_alphabet (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[144] | Omniglot, Nauruan (Ekaiairũ Naoero) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/nauruan.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[145] | Omniglot, Khoekhoe (Khoekhoegowab) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/khoekhoe.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[146] | Omniglot, Nuer (Naath) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/nuer.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[147] | Omniglot, Hausa (Harshen Hausa / هَرْشَن هَوْسَ) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hausa.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[148] | Omniglot, Dagaare https://www.omniglot.com/writing/dagaare.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[149] | Omniglot, Fula (Fulfulde, Pulaar, Pular’Fulaare) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/fula.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[150] | Omniglot, Croatian (Hrvatski) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/croatian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[151] | Omniglot, Serbian (српски / srpski) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/serbian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[152] | Wikipedia, Polish language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_language (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[153] | Omniglot, Slovak (slovenčina) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/slovak.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[154] | Evertype Publishing, Lithuanian lietuvių kalba Version 1.1 https://www.evertype.com/alphabets/lithuanian.pdf (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[157] | Omniglot, Turkish (Türkçe) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/turkish.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[158] | Omniglot, Kurdish (Kurdî / کوردی) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kurdish.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[159] | Omniglot, Azerbaijani (آذربايجانجا ديلي / Азәрбајҹан дили / Azərbaycan dili) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/azeri.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[160] | Omniglot, Basque (euskara) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/basque.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[161] | Wikipedia, Basque language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_language#Writing_system (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[163] | Omniglot, Maltese (Malti) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/maltese.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[164] | Omniglot, Venda (Tshivenḓa / Luvenḓa) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/venda.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[168] | Omniglot, Brahui (Bráhuí / براوی) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/brahui.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[169] | Wikipedia, Fon language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fon_language (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[170] | Omniglot, Ewe (Eʋegbe) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ewe.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[172] | Omniglot, Sorbian (hornjoserbsce/dolnoserbski) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sorbian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[173] | Peace corps, Botswana, An Introduction to Setswana Language https://files.peacecorps.gov/multimedia/audio/languagelessons/botswana/Bw_Setswana_Language_Lessons.pdf (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[174] | Omniglot, Tswana (Setswana) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tswana.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[175] | Wikipedia, Afrikaans https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afrikaans (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[176] | Omniglot, Albanian (shqip / gjuha shqipe) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/albanian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[177] | Wikipedia, Albanian alphabet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albanian_alphabet (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[179] | Wikipedia, Uyghur Latin alphabet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghur_Latin_alphabet (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[180] | Omniglot, Drehu (Deʼu) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/drehu.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[182] | Omniglot, Haitian Creole (Kreyòl ayisyen) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/haitiancreole.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[183] | Wikipedia, Haitian Creole https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Creole#Orthography (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[184] | Omniglot, Minangkabau (Baso Minangkabau / باسو مينڠكاباو) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/minangkabau.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[185] | Omniglot, Palauan (a tekoi er a Belau) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/palauan.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[186] | Omniglot, Cubeo (pãmié) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/cubeo.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[187] | Editorial Alberto Lleras Camargo, Diccionario Ilustrado Bilingüe cubeo-español español-cubeo https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/10/58/27/10582785843693992331766506069073895620/40337_01.pdf (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[188] | Omniglot, Inari Saami (Anarâškielâ) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/inarisami.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[189] | Omniglot, Compiled by Wolfram Siegel, DAGBANI https://www.omniglot.com/charts/dagbani.pdf (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[190] | Omniglot, Ewondo https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ewondo.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[191] | Omniglot, Luganda (Oluganda) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ganda.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[192] | Omniglot, Adzera https://www.omniglot.com/writing/adzera.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[193] | Omniglot, Ga (Gã) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/ga.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[194] | Omniglot, Duala (Duálá) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/duala.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[195] | Omniglot, Soga (Lusoga) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/soga.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[196] | Omniglot, Alur (Lur) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/alur.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[197] | Omniglot, Mandinka (Mandi’nka kango / لغة مندنكا) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mandinka.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[198] | Omniglot, Acholi (Lwo) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/acholi.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[199] | Omniglot, Bambara (Bamanankan) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/bambara.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[200] | Omniglot, Raga (Hano) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/raga.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[201] | Omniglot, Tatar (tatarça / татарча / تاتارچا) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/tatar.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[202] | Omniglot, Zaza (Zazaki / زازاکی) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/zazaki.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[203] | Wikipedia, Turkish alphabet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_alphabet (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[204] | School of English, Adam Michiewicz University, Poznań, Poland, Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics 43(1),2007, pp. 169-180, A Demographic Igbo Orthography https://www.degruyter.com/downloadpdf/j/psicl.2007.43.issue-1/v10010-007-0009-0/v10010-007-0009-0.pdf (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[205] | Omniglot, Igbo (Asụsụ Igbo) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/igbo.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[206] | ItalianPod101, Italian Accents and Proper Italian Pronunciation https://www.italianpod101.com/italian-accents (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[208] | Reverso Dictionary, venerdì translation | Italian-English dictionary https://dictionary.reverso.net/italian-english/venerd%C3%AC (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[209] | Omniglot, Kikuyu (Gĩkũyũ) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kikuyu.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[210] | Omniglot, Hixkaryána https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hixkaryana.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[211] | Omniglot, Maasai (ɔl Maa) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/maasai.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[212] | Omniglot, Mossi (Mòoré) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mossi.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[213] | Omniglot, Jenesis. The Bible in Marshallese, 2009., Contributed by Wolfgang Kuhl https://www.omniglot.com/babel/marshallese.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[214] | Wikipedia, Cedilla https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cedilla#Marshallese (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[215] | Wikipedia, Marshallese language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marshallese_language#Display_issues (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[216] | Trussel, Marshallese-English Online Dictionary https://www.trussel2.com/MOD/ (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[218] | Omniglot, Susu (Sosoxi) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/susu.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[219] | Omniglot, Zarma (Zarmaciine) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/zarma.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[220] | Omniglot, Pitjantjatjara https://www.omniglot.com/writing/pitjantjatjara.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[221] | Omniglot, Spanish (español/castellano) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/spanish.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[222] | Omniglot, Filipino (wikang Filipino) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/filipino.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[223] | Omniglot, Chavacano https://www.omniglot.com/writing/chavacano.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[224] | Wikipedia, Ilocano language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilocano_language#Modern_alphabet (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[225] | Omniglot, Quechua (Runasimi) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/quechua.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[226] | Wikipedia, Quechua alphabet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua_alphabet (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[227] | Omniglot, Cape Verdean Creole (Kriolu) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kriol.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[228] | Omniglot, Waray-Waray https://www.omniglot.com/writing/waray.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[229] | Omniglot, Lozi (siLozi) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/lozi.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[230] | africanlanguages.com, Sesotho sa Leboa (Northern Sotho) https://africanlanguages.com/northern_sotho/ (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[232] | Wikipedia, Chechen language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chechen_language (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[233] | Omniglot, Hungarian (magyar) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hungarian.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[234] | Wikipedia, Hungarian alphabet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hungarian_alphabet (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[236] | Omniglot, Lingala https://www.omniglot.com/writing/lingala.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[237] | Omniglot, Akan https://www.omniglot.com/writing/akan.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[238] | Wikipedia, Mossi language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mossi_language (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[239] | SIL-Sudan, OCCASIONAL PAPERS in the study of SUDANESE LANGUAGES No. 9 (p. 75) https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/10/06/46/100646256099282892829790816212446104791/OPSL_9.pdf (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[240] | Omniglot, Kanuri https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kanuri.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[241] | Omniglot, Bugis (Basa Ugi ) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/bugis.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[242] | Omniglot, Mizo (Mizo ṭawng) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mizo.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[243] | Omniglot, Miskito (Mískitu) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/miskito.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[245] | Wikipedia, Papiamento https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papiamento (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[246] | Omniglot, Papiamento (Papiamentu) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/papiamento.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[247] | Omniglot, Chichewa (Chicheŵa) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/chichewa.php (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[248] | Native Languages of the Americas website, Vocabulary in Native American Languages: Mam Words https://www.native-languages.org/mam_words.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[249] | Omniglot, Mam (Qyol Mam) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/mam.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[250] | Wikipedia, Pulaar language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulaar_language (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[251] | Wikipedia, Fula language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fula_language#Writing_systems (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[252] | Wikipedia, Polish alphabet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish_alphabet (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[253] | Wikipedia, French orthography https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_orthography (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[254] | Omniglot, Yoruba (Èdè Yorùbá) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/yoruba.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[255] | Omniglot, Esperanto https://www.omniglot.com/writing/esperanto.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[256] | Omniglot, Welsh (Cymraeg) https://www.omniglot.com/writing/welsh.htm (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[257] | Wikipedia, List of Latin-script letters https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Latin-script_letters (Accessed on 4 September 2018)
[258] | Omniglot, Montenegrin https://www.omniglot.com/writing/montenegrin.htm (Accessed on 20 March 2019)
[275] | Omniglot, Shavante https://www.omniglot.com/writing/shavante.php (Accessed on 24 September 2020)
[276] | Wikipedia, Malagasy Language https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malagasy_language (Accessed on 24 September 2020)
[277] | Wikipedia, Serer language, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serer_language, accessed on 6 April 2021
[278] | Wikipedia, Kpelle language, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kpelle_language, accessed on 6 April 2021
[279] | Wikipedia, Catalan Orthography, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalan_orthography, accessed on 28 November 2022
[280] | Fundacio PuntCAT registry (.CAT), IDN table for CAT_ca Version 1.0, 12 February 2006, https://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables/tables/cat_ca_1.0.html
[281] | Fundacio PuntCAT registry (.CAT), Rules of the .cat domain, https://domini.cat/en/rules-of-the-cat-domain/
[320] | RFC 5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891