Reference LGR for language: Macedonian (mk) lgr-second-level-macedonian-language-18may21-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2021-05-18
LGR Version 2 (Second Level Reference LGR)
Language mk (Macedonian Language)
Unicode Version 6.3.0

Table of Contents

1 Description

Label Generation Rules for Macedonian

Overview

This document specifies a reference set of Label Generation Rules for Macedonian using a limited repertoire as appropriate for a second level domain.

Repertoire

Most references converge on 31 Cyrillic code points. There are however some discrepancies:

Based on this, the repertoire includes U+0453 (ѓ), but excludes U+0452 (ђ) and U+0491 (ґ).

Because U+0450 (ѐ) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE and U+045D (ѝ) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE were encoded later than most of the other European Cyrillic code points they are not as widely implemented and referenced but are nevertheless considered essential for Macedonian. Document [110] used for the encoding proposal in 1996 provides the evidence. There is an additional reference [605] which discusses the use of the grave accent as either a stress mark or a distinct orthographical mark.

There is a new TLD for Macedonia called .мкд administered by Macedonian Academic and Research Network (MARnet), see
http://marnet.mk/
(in Macedonian). No repertoire guidance could be found, therefore this is not used as a reference for this LGR.

Excluded code points

Letters documented in some references but not included:

Extended code points

None.

Variants

While U+0453 (ѓ) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE and U+0491 (ґ) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN have been mentioned by different references and could be perceived as variants of each other, the reference of CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE WITH UPTURN appears to be in error and therefore does not justify the creation of a variant pair with CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE.

Character Classes

This LGR defines no named character classes.

Rules

Common rules only:

Actions

Actions included are the default actions for LGRs as well as those needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks.

Variant-related actions included to facilitate integration as appropriate.

Methodology and Contributors

This reference LGR for Macedonian for the 2nd Level has been developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, verified in expert reviews by Michael Everson, Nicholas Ostler, and Wil Tan, and based on multiple open public consultations.

Changes from Version 1

Language tag has been updated.

References

General reference for the language:

In the listing of the repertoire by code point, references starting from [0] refer to the version of the Unicode Standard in which the corresponding code point was initially encoded. Other references, (starting from [100]) document usage of code points. For more details, see the Table of References below.

2 Repertoire

Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire 44
Number of code points
for each script
Cyrillic 33
Common 11
Longest code point sequence 1

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

See also the legend provided below the table.

Code
Point
Glyph Script Name Ref Required Context Comment
U+002D - Common HYPHEN-MINUS [0] not: hyphen-minus-disallowed  
U+0030 0 Common DIGIT ZERO [0]    
U+0031 1 Common DIGIT ONE [0]    
U+0032 2 Common DIGIT TWO [0]    
U+0033 3 Common DIGIT THREE [0]    
U+0034 4 Common DIGIT FOUR [0]    
U+0035 5 Common DIGIT FIVE [0]    
U+0036 6 Common DIGIT SIX [0]    
U+0037 7 Common DIGIT SEVEN [0]    
U+0038 8 Common DIGIT EIGHT [0]    
U+0039 9 Common DIGIT NINE [0]    
U+0430 а Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0431 б Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0432 в Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0433 г Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0434 д Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0435 е Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0436 ж Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0437 з Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0438 и Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+043A к Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+043B л Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+043C м Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+043D н Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+043E о Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+043F п Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0440 р Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0441 с Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0442 т Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0443 у Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0444 ф Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0445 х Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0446 ц Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0447 ч Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0448 ш Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0450 ѐ Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH GRAVE [3], [110], [301], [402], [605]    
U+0453 ѓ Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GJE [0], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0455 ѕ Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0458 ј Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER JE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+0459 љ Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+045A њ Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NJE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+045C ќ Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KJE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    
U+045D ѝ Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH GRAVE [3], [110], [301], [402], [605]    
U+045F џ Cyrillic CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZHE [0], [100], [130], [201], [301], [401]    

Legend

Code Point
A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph
The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common.
Name
Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database.
Ref
Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Required Context
Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Comment
The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.

3 Variant Sets

This LGR does not specify any variants.

4 Classes, Rules and Actions

4.1 Character Classes

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges Ref Comment
implicit Tag=sc:Cyrl 33 {0430-0438 043A-0448 0450 0453 0455 0458-045A 045C-045D 045F}   Any character tagged as Cyrillic
implicit Tag=sc:Zyyy 11 {002D 0030-0039}   Any character tagged as Common

Legend

Members or Ranges
Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt
A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit
An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value and for which there is no named equivalent.

4.2 Whole label evaluation and context rules

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name Regular Expression Used as
Trigger
Anchor Used as
Context
Ref Comment
leading-combining-mark (start)[∅=[[∅=\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [∅=\p{gc=Mc}]]]     [120] RFC5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks
hyphen-minus-disallowed (((start))← ⚓︎)|(⚓︎ →((end)))|(((start)..\u002D)← ⚓︎)   C [120] RFC5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D (-)
extended-cp (start)(end)         code points from the extended range

Legend

Used as Trigger
This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓︎ - context anchor
Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(...)← - look-behind
If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
→(..) - look-ahead
If present encloses required context following the anchor.
(... | ...) - choice
When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
start or end
(start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
. - any code point
. matches any code point.
[\p{ }] - property character set
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators ( = union, = intersection, = difference, = symmetric difference).
∅= - empty set
Indicates that the following set is empty because of the result of set operations, or because none of its elements is part of the repertoire defined here. A rule with a non-optional empty set never matches.
(^$) - empty label
The regex (^$) matches the empty label. Used as a context rule, it always fails to match, thus disallowing the affected code point in any label. By convention, it is used for context rules that disable code points that are not part of the repertoire, yet explicitly listed in the LGR as excluded or for optional future extension.

Note: The following rules are defined but not used in this LGR: extended-cp.

4.3 Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label matches leading-combining-mark invalid   by default, labels with leading combining marks are invalid
2 if any label (catch-all)   valid   catch all (default action)

Legend

{...} - variant type set
In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.

5 Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR.

[0] The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
Any code point cited was originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1
[3] The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
Any code point cited was originally encoded in Unicode Version 3.0
[100] Internetstiftelsen i Sverige (IIS), Macedonian
https://github.com/dotse/IDN-ref-tables/blob/master/language-tables/macedonian-lang-ref-table.txt
[110] ISO/IEC JTC1/SC2/WG2 N1323 Proposal and summary for additions of Cyrillic character, Rado Kardalev, Ministry for Science and Technology, Macedonia
Code points cited are considered essential to Macedonian
[120] RFC5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891
[130] RFC5992, Internationalized Domain Names Registration and Administration Guidelines for European Languages Using Cyrillic - section 2.5 Macedonian
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5992
[201] Omniglot Macedonian
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/macedonian.htm
[301] Everson, Michael, The Alphabets of Europe, Macedonian
http://evertype.com/alphabets/macedonian.pdf
Code points cited form the standard set
[401] The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository - CLDR Version 28 (2015-09-16) - Locale Data Summary for Macedonian [mk]-
http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/mk.html
Code points cited are from the set of Main Letters
[402] The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository - CLDR Version 28 (2015-09-16) - Locale Data Summary for Macedonian [mk]-
http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/mk.html
Code points cited are from the set of Auxiliary Letters
[605] Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grave_accent
accessed 2015-11-11
Article providing evidence for the use of the grave accent in Bulgarian and Macedonian