Reference LGR for script: Kannada (Knda) lgr-second-level-kannada-script-15dec20-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2020-12-15
LGR Version 1 (Second Level Reference LGR)
Language und-Knda (Kannada Script)
Unicode Version 6.3.0

Table of Contents

1 Description

Reference Label Generation Rules for the Kannada Script

Overview

This document specifies a reference set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Kannada script for the second level. The starting point for the development of this LGR can be found in the related Root Zone LGR [RZ-LGR-4-Knda]. For details and additional background on the script, see "Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)" [Proposal-Kannada]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

Repertoire

The repertoire contains 62 code points for letters covering Kannada, Tulu, Beary, Konkani, Havyaka, Kodava, among other languages written using the Kannada script. The repertoire is a subset of [Unicode 6.3]. For more details, see Section 5, "Repertoire" in [Proposal-Kannada]. (The proposal cited has been adopted for the Kannada script portion of the Root Zone LGR.)

For the second level, the repertoire has been augmented with the HYPHEN-MINUS, and two sets of decimal digits:

for a total of 83 repertoire elements.

Code points outside the Kannada script that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-script variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type "out-of-repertoire-var". They do not form part of the repertoire.

Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, one or more tag values denoting character category, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below. Comments provide alternate names for some code points.

Variants

This reference LGR is designed for use in zones shared by more than one script. Where appropriate, cross-script variants have been defined to mutually exclude labels from different scripts that could otherwise be substituted by the users. Once a label has been delegated for one script, any variant labels from other scripts consisting of cross-script variants would be blocked. Any label containing at least one code point that is not a cross-script variant would be considered distinct. Because of that, even large numbers of defined cross-script variants generally do not lead to a high percentage of labels experiencing a collision.

The Kannada and Telugu scripts are closely related to each other and there are many code points in both scripts which can be confused with code points in the other script. This LGR defines many cross-script variants with Telugu as described in Section 6, "Variants", in "[Proposal-Kannada]". There are no in-script variants defined for Kannada.

Digit Variants: All Kannada digits are treated as semantic variants of the corresponding common (ASCII) digits. By transitivity, they are also semantic variants of any native digits in scripts that also include the common digits. Such transitive relations are deemed to exist implicitly but are not listed explicitly in each reference LGR. (Omitting the listing of these other cross script digit variants does not affect index variant calculation, as the ASCII digit variant being smallest would always be the index variant.) There is a homoglyph relation between most Telugu and Kannada digits, but as the Telugu LGR does not support native digits, this does not give rise to variants. In addition, Kannada digit ZERO is a cross-script homoglyph or near homoglyph of digit ZERO in many other scripts; all of these are already implicit semantic variants by transitivity and therefore not listed here. To keep digit variant sets manageable in zones where multiple scripts are present, no attempt has been made at identifying cross-script variants among digits of different numeric value or between a digit in one script and a letter in another, such as between digit zero and Latin letter 'o'. Other mechanisms may be required to prevent homograph labels.

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type "blocked" making labels that differ only by these variants mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other equivalent variant label should be blocked. There is no preference among these variants.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

The specification of variants in this reference LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

The structure of the Kannada script is similar to that of other Indian scripts; it is particularly closely related to Telugu. The heart of the writing system is the akshar. The basic characters are classified into three main categories: swara (vowels), vyanjana (consonants) and yogavahas (semiconsonants).

Swaras (vowels): There are thirteen vowels. When a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter. Sometimes these are referred to as vowel signs or matras. More details in Section 3.4.1, "Swaras (vowels)" in [Proposal-Kannada].

Yogavahas (semiconsonants): The Yogavaha (part-vowel, part consonant) include two letters:

  1. The anusvara: ಅಂ /aṁ/.
  2. The visarga: ಅಃ /aḥ/.

See Section 3.4.2, "Yogavahas" in [Proposal-Kannada].

Vyanjanas (consonants): Two categories of consonant characters are defined in Kannada: the structured consonants (vargeeya vyanjana) and the unstructured consonants (avargeeya vyanjana). For the purpose of this LGR, all consonants are treated the same. More details in Section 3.4.3, "Vyanjanas (consonants)" of the [Proposal-Kannada].

Halant / Virama: All consonant code points in Kannada contain an implicit vowel ಅ /a/. The Unicode character U+0CCD (್), which is the Kannada equivalent of the Devanagari Halant (or Virama), U+094D (्), is applied to consonants to remove the implicit vowel. More details in Section 3.4.4, "Implicit vowel ಅ (a) in consonants" in [Proposal-Kannada].

Kannada Digits: U+0CE6 (೦) to U+0CEF (೯) are a set of Kannada-specific digits. They are used in alternation with the European (common) digits.

Common Digits: U+0030 (0) to U+0039 (9) are the set of digits from the ASCII range.

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Common Rules

Default Actions

Actions include the default actions for LGRs as well as that needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].

Kannada-specific Rules

These rules have been formulated so that they can be adopted for LGR specification.

The following symbols are used in the WLE rules:
C → Consonant
M → Matra
V → Vowel
B → Anusvara
X → Visarga
H → Halant / Virama

The rules are:

More details in Section 7, "Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)" of [Proposal-Kannada].

Methodology and Contributors

This reference LGR for Kannada for the 2nd Level has been developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, based on the Root Zone LGR for Kannada and information contained or referenced therein, see [RZ-LGR-4-Knda]. Suitable extensions for the second level have been applied according to the [Guidelines]. The original proposal for a Root Zone LGR for the Kannada script, that this reference LGR is based on, was developed by the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP). For more information on methodology and contributors to the underlying Root Zone LGR, see [Proposal-Kannada].

References

The following general references are cited in this document:

[Guidelines]
ICANN, "Guidelines for Developing Reference LGRs for the Second Level, (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 27 May 2020),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/lgr-guidelines-second-level-06jan16-en.pdf
[Proposal-Kannada]
Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, “Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)”, 6 March 2019,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-kannada-lgr-06mar19-en.pdf
[RFC 7940]
Davies, K. and A. Freytag, "Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML", RFC 7940, August 2016,
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
A. Freytag, "Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels", RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[RZ-LGR-Overview]
Integration Panel, "Root Zone Label Generation Rules - LGR-4: Overview and Summary", 5 November 2020 (PDF),
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-4-overview-05nov20-en.pdf
[RZ-LGR-4-Knda]
ICANN, Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Kannada Script (und-Knda) , 5 November 2020 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-4-kannada-script-05nov20-en.xml
[Unicode 6.3]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/

For references consulted particularly in designing the repertoire for the Kannada script for the second level please see details in the Table of References below. Reference [0] refers to the Unicode Standard version in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [110] and above correspond to sources given in [Proposal-Kannada] justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. Reference [150] indicates the source for common rules.

2 Repertoire

Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire 83
Out-of-repertoire variants 34
Total entries in table 117
Number of code points
for each script
Kannada 72
Telugu 34
Common 11
Longest code point sequence 1

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code
Point
Glyph Script Name Ref Tags Required Context Part of
Repertoire
Variants Comment
U+002D - Common HYPHEN-MINUS [0] Hyphen not: hyphen-minus-disallowed  
U+0030 0 Common DIGIT ZERO [0] Common-digit   set 1
U+0031 1 Common DIGIT ONE [0] Common-digit   set 2
U+0032 2 Common DIGIT TWO [0] Common-digit   set 3
U+0033 3 Common DIGIT THREE [0] Common-digit   set 4
U+0034 4 Common DIGIT FOUR [0] Common-digit   set 5
U+0035 5 Common DIGIT FIVE [0] Common-digit   set 6
U+0036 6 Common DIGIT SIX [0] Common-digit   set 7
U+0037 7 Common DIGIT SEVEN [0] Common-digit   set 8
U+0038 8 Common DIGIT EIGHT [0] Common-digit   set 9
U+0039 9 Common DIGIT NINE [0] Common-digit   set 10
U+0C02 Telugu TELUGU SIGN ANUSVARA [0]     set 11 Not part of repertoire
U+0C03 Telugu TELUGU SIGN VISARGA [0]     set 12 Not part of repertoire
U+0C05 Telugu TELUGU LETTER A [0]     set 13 Not part of repertoire
U+0C06 Telugu TELUGU LETTER AA [0]     set 14 Not part of repertoire
U+0C07 Telugu TELUGU LETTER I [0]     set 15 Not part of repertoire
U+0C08 Telugu TELUGU LETTER II [0]     set 16 Not part of repertoire
U+0C10 Telugu TELUGU LETTER AI [0]     set 17 Not part of repertoire
U+0C12 Telugu TELUGU LETTER O [0]     set 18 Not part of repertoire
U+0C13 Telugu TELUGU LETTER OO [0]     set 19 Not part of repertoire
U+0C14 Telugu TELUGU LETTER AU [0]     set 20 Not part of repertoire
U+0C16 Telugu TELUGU LETTER KHA [0]     set 21 Not part of repertoire
U+0C17 Telugu TELUGU LETTER GA [0]     set 22 Not part of repertoire
U+0C1C Telugu TELUGU LETTER JA [0]     set 23 Not part of repertoire
U+0C1D Telugu TELUGU LETTER JHA [0]     set 24 Not part of repertoire
U+0C1E Telugu TELUGU LETTER NYA [0]     set 25 Not part of repertoire
U+0C1F Telugu TELUGU LETTER TTA [0]     set 26 Not part of repertoire
U+0C20 Telugu TELUGU LETTER TTHA [0]     set 27 Not part of repertoire
U+0C21 Telugu TELUGU LETTER DDA [0]     set 28 Not part of repertoire
U+0C22 Telugu TELUGU LETTER DDHA [0]     set 29 Not part of repertoire
U+0C23 Telugu TELUGU LETTER NNA [0]     set 30 Not part of repertoire
U+0C25 Telugu TELUGU LETTER THA [0]     set 31 Not part of repertoire
U+0C26 Telugu TELUGU LETTER DA [0]     set 32 Not part of repertoire
U+0C27 Telugu TELUGU LETTER DHA [0]     set 33 Not part of repertoire
U+0C28 Telugu TELUGU LETTER NA [0]     set 34 Not part of repertoire
U+0C2C Telugu TELUGU LETTER BA [0]     set 35 Not part of repertoire
U+0C2D Telugu TELUGU LETTER BHA [0]     set 36 Not part of repertoire
U+0C2E Telugu TELUGU LETTER MA [0]     set 37 Not part of repertoire
U+0C2F Telugu TELUGU LETTER YA [0]     set 38 Not part of repertoire
U+0C30 Telugu TELUGU LETTER RA [0]     set 39 Not part of repertoire
U+0C32 Telugu TELUGU LETTER LA [0]     set 40 Not part of repertoire
U+0C33 Telugu TELUGU LETTER LLA [0]     set 41 Not part of repertoire
U+0C3F ి Telugu TELUGU VOWEL SIGN I [0]     set 42 Not part of repertoire
U+0C41 Telugu TELUGU VOWEL SIGN U [0]     set 43 Not part of repertoire
U+0C43 Telugu TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R [0]     set 44 Not part of repertoire
U+0C82 Kannada KANNADA SIGN ANUSVARA [0], [110], [111] Anusvara follows-C-V-or-M set 11  
U+0C83 Kannada KANNADA SIGN VISARGA [0], [110], [111] Visarga follows-C-V-or-M set 12  
U+0C85 Kannada KANNADA LETTER A [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H set 13  
U+0C86 Kannada KANNADA LETTER AA [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H set 14  
U+0C87 Kannada KANNADA LETTER I [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H set 15  
U+0C88 Kannada KANNADA LETTER II [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H set 16  
U+0C89 Kannada KANNADA LETTER U [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H    
U+0C8A Kannada KANNADA LETTER UU [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H    
U+0C8B Kannada KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC R [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H    
U+0C8E Kannada KANNADA LETTER E [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H    
U+0C8F Kannada KANNADA LETTER EE [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H    
U+0C90 Kannada KANNADA LETTER AI [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H set 17  
U+0C92 Kannada KANNADA LETTER O [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H set 18  
U+0C93 Kannada KANNADA LETTER OO [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H set 19  
U+0C94 Kannada KANNADA LETTER AU [0], [110], [111] Vowel not: follows-H set 20  
U+0C95 Kannada KANNADA LETTER KA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0C96 Kannada KANNADA LETTER KHA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 21  
U+0C97 Kannada KANNADA LETTER GA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 22  
U+0C98 Kannada KANNADA LETTER GHA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0C99 Kannada KANNADA LETTER NGA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0C9A Kannada KANNADA LETTER CA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0C9B Kannada KANNADA LETTER CHA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0C9C Kannada KANNADA LETTER JA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 23  
U+0C9D Kannada KANNADA LETTER JHA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 24  
U+0C9E Kannada KANNADA LETTER NYA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 25  
U+0C9F Kannada KANNADA LETTER TTA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 26  
U+0CA0 Kannada KANNADA LETTER TTHA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 27  
U+0CA1 Kannada KANNADA LETTER DDA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 28  
U+0CA2 Kannada KANNADA LETTER DDHA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 29  
U+0CA3 Kannada KANNADA LETTER NNA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 30  
U+0CA4 Kannada KANNADA LETTER TA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0CA5 Kannada KANNADA LETTER THA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 31  
U+0CA6 Kannada KANNADA LETTER DA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 32  
U+0CA7 Kannada KANNADA LETTER DHA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 33  
U+0CA8 Kannada KANNADA LETTER NA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 34  
U+0CAA Kannada KANNADA LETTER PA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0CAB Kannada KANNADA LETTER PHA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0CAC Kannada KANNADA LETTER BA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 35  
U+0CAD Kannada KANNADA LETTER BHA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 36  
U+0CAE Kannada KANNADA LETTER MA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 37  
U+0CAF Kannada KANNADA LETTER YA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 38  
U+0CB0 Kannada KANNADA LETTER RA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 39  
U+0CB2 Kannada KANNADA LETTER LA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 40  
U+0CB3 Kannada KANNADA LETTER LLA [0], [110], [111] Consonant   set 41  
U+0CB5 Kannada KANNADA LETTER VA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0CB6 Kannada KANNADA LETTER SHA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0CB7 Kannada KANNADA LETTER SSA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0CB8 Kannada KANNADA LETTER SA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0CB9 Kannada KANNADA LETTER HA [0], [110], [111] Consonant      
U+0CBE Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AA [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C    
U+0CBF ಿ Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN I [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C set 42  
U+0CC0 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN II [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C    
U+0CC1 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN U [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C set 43  
U+0CC2 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN UU [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C    
U+0CC3 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C set 44  
U+0CC6 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN E [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C    
U+0CC7 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C    
U+0CC8 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C    
U+0CCA Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN O [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C    
U+0CCB Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN OO [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C    
U+0CCC Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AU [0], [110], [111] Matra follows-C    
U+0CCD Kannada KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA [0], [110], [111] Halant follows-C   = Halant
U+0CE6 Kannada KANNADA DIGIT ZERO [0] Kannada-digit   set 1  
U+0CE7 Kannada KANNADA DIGIT ONE [0] Kannada-digit   set 2  
U+0CE8 Kannada KANNADA DIGIT TWO [0] Kannada-digit   set 3  
U+0CE9 Kannada KANNADA DIGIT THREE [0] Kannada-digit   set 4  
U+0CEA Kannada KANNADA DIGIT FOUR [0] Kannada-digit   set 5  
U+0CEB Kannada KANNADA DIGIT FIVE [0] Kannada-digit   set 6  
U+0CEC Kannada KANNADA DIGIT SIX [0] Kannada-digit   set 7  
U+0CED Kannada KANNADA DIGIT SEVEN [0] Kannada-digit   set 8  
U+0CEE Kannada KANNADA DIGIT EIGHT [0] Kannada-digit   set 9  
U+0CEF Kannada KANNADA DIGIT NINE [0] Kannada-digit   set 10  

Legend

Code Point
A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph
The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common.
Name
Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database.
Ref
Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view.
Required Context
Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment
The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.
✔ - core repertoire
A check mark in the Part-of-repertoire column indicates a code point is part of the core repertoire.
✗ - out-of-repertoire
A code point shown with is not part of the repertoire. It is listed only because it is the target of an out-of-repertoire-var variant mapping.

3 Variant Sets

Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets 44
Largest variant set 2
Ordinary Variants by Type
blocked 88
Reflexive Variants by Type
out-of-repertoire-var 34

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and all variant sets are disjoint.

Common Legend

Source
By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
- forward
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
- reverse
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
- both
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
- reflexive
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
Type
The type of the variant mapping. There are some predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”, while others are defined specifically for each LGR. A reflexive variant type “out-of-repertoire-var” designates the target as not part of the repertoire; it is required as target for one or more variant mappings that cross repertoire boundaries.
Ref
One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0030 0 0CE6 blocked   ASCII digit variant / Kannada digit variant

Variant Set 2 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0031 1 0CE7 blocked   ASCII digit variant / Kannada digit variant

Variant Set 3 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0032 2 0CE8 blocked   ASCII digit variant / Kannada digit variant

Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0033 3 0CE9 blocked   ASCII digit variant / Kannada digit variant

Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0034 4 0CEA blocked   ASCII digit variant / Kannada digit variant

Variant Set 6 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0035 5 0CEB blocked   ASCII digit variant / Kannada digit variant

Variant Set 7 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0036 6 0CEC blocked   ASCII digit variant / Kannada digit variant

Variant Set 8 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0037 7 0CED blocked   ASCII digit variant / Kannada digit variant

Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0038 8 0CEE blocked   ASCII digit variant / Kannada digit variant

Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0039 9 0CEF blocked   ASCII digit variant / Kannada digit variant

Variant Set 11 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C02 0C02 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C02 0C82 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 12 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C03 0C03 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C03 0C83 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 13 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C05 0C05 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C05 0C85 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 14 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C06 0C06 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C06 0C86 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 15 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C07 0C07 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C07 0C87 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C08 0C08 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C08 0C88 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 17 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C10 0C10 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C10 0C90 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 18 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C12 0C12 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C12 0C92 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 19 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C13 0C13 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C13 0C93 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 20 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C14 0C14 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C14 0C94 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 21 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C16 0C16 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C16 0C96 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 22 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C17 0C17 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C17 0C97 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 23 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C1C 0C1C out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C1C 0C9C blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 24 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C1D 0C1D out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C1D 0C9D blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 25 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C1E 0C1E out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C1E 0C9E blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 26 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C1F 0C1F out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C1F 0C9F blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 27 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C20 0C20 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C20 0CA0 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 28 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C21 0C21 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C21 0CA1 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 29 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C22 0C22 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C22 0CA2 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 30 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C23 0C23 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C23 0CA3 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 31 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C25 0C25 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C25 0CA5 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 32 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C26 0C26 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C26 0CA6 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 33 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C27 0C27 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C27 0CA7 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 34 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C28 0C28 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C28 0CA8 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 35 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C2C 0C2C out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C2C 0CAC blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 36 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C2D 0C2D out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C2D 0CAD blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 37 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C2E 0C2E out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C2E 0CAE blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 38 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C2F 0C2F out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C2F 0CAF blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 39 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C30 0C30 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C30 0CB0 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 40 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C32 0C32 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C32 0CB2 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 41 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C33 0C33 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C33 0CB3 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 42 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C3F ి 0C3F ి out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C3F ి 0CBF ಿ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 43 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C41 0C41 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C41 0CC1 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 44 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C43 0C43 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C43 0CC3 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

4 Classes, Rules and Actions

4.1 Character Classes

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges Ref Comment
C Tag=Consonant 34 {0C95-0CA8 0CAA-0CB0 0CB2-0CB3 0CB5-0CB9} [110], [111] Any Kannada consonant
V Tag=Vowel 13 {0C85-0C8B 0C8E-0C90 0C92-0C94} [110], [111] Any Kannada independent vowel
M Tag=Matra 12 {0CBE-0CC3 0CC6-0CC8 0CCA-0CCC} [110], [111] Any Kannada vowel sign (matra)
H Tag=Halant 1 {0CCD} [110], [111] The Kannada Halant / Virama
common-digits Tag=Common-digit 10 {0030-0039}   Digits from the ASCII range; ⍟
kannada-digits Tag=Kannada-digit 10 {0CE6-0CEF}   Kannada digits
hyphen Tag=Hyphen 1 {002D}   The Hyphen-minus character ⍟
implicit Tag=Anusvara 1 {0C82}   The character tagged as Anusvara
implicit Tag=Visarga 1 {0C83}   The character tagged as Visarga
implicit Tag=sc:Knda 72 {0C82-0C83 0C85-0C8B 0C8E-0C90 0C92-0CA8 0CAA-0CB0 0CB2-0CB3 0CB5-0CB9 0CBE-0CC3 0CC6-0CC8 0CCA-0CCD 0CE6-0CEF}   Any character tagged as Kannada
implicit Tag=sc:Telu 34 {0C02-0C03 0C05-0C08 0C10 0C12-0C14 0C16-0C17 0C1C-0C23 0C25-0C28 0C2C-0C30 0C32-0C33 0C3F 0C41 0C43}   Any character tagged as Telugu
implicit Tag=sc:Zyyy 11 {002D 0030-0039}   Any character tagged as Common

Legend

Members or Ranges
Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt
A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit
An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value for which there is no named equivalent.

4.2 Whole label evaluation and context rules

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name Regular Expression Used as
Trigger
Anchor Used as
Context
Ref Comment
leading-combining-mark (start)[[\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [\p{gc=Mc}]]     [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
hyphen-minus-disallowed (((start))← ⚓)|(⚓ →((end)))|(((start)..[:hyphen:])← ⚓)   C [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D (-) ⍟
follows-C ([:C:])← ⚓   C   Section 7, WLE 1: H must be preceded by C; WLE 2: M must be preceded by C
follows-C-V-or-M ([:C:]|[:V:]|[:M:])← ⚓   C   Section 7, WLE 3: Anusvara must be preceded by C, V or M; WLE 4: Visarga must be preceded by C, V or M
follows-H ([:H:])← ⚓   C   Section 7, WLE 5: V cannot be preceded by H
digit-mixing ([:common-digits:].*[:kannada-digits:])|([:kannada-digits:].*[:common-digits:])       restrictions on mixing digits

Legend

Used as Trigger
This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓ - context anchor
Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(...)← - look-behind
If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
→(..) - look-ahead
If present encloses required context following the anchor.
(... | ...) - choice
When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
start or end
(start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
. - any code point
. matches any code point.
*, +, ?, {n,m} - count operators
* indicates 0 or more, + indicates one or more, and ? indicates up to one instance. {n,m} indicates at least n and at most m instances.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property character set
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators ( = union, = intersection, = difference, = symmetric difference).
⍟ - default rule
Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

4.3 Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label matches leading-combining-mark invalid [150] labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
2 if label matches digit-mixing invalid   a label violating the restriction on digit mixing is invalid
3 if at least one variant is in {out-of-repertoire-var} invalid   any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
4 if at least one variant is in {blocked} blocked   any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
5 if each variant is in {allocatable} allocatable   variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟
6 if any label (catch-all)   valid   catch all (default action) ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set
In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

5 Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the "References" section in the Description.

[0] The Unicode Standard 1.1
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 1.1
[110] ಕನ್ನಡ ಮಧ್ಯಮ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ, ತೀ.ನಂ. ಶ್ರೀಕಂಠಯ್ಯ, ಗೀತಾ ಬುಕ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಮೈಸೂರು, ೨೦೦೧ /Kannada Madhyama Vyakarana/ (An Intermediate Kannada Grammar), T. N. Sreekantaiya, Geetha Book House, Mysore, 2001.
[111] Omniglot, Kannada (ಕನ್ನಡ),
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kannada.htm
[150] RFC 5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891