This document is mechanically formatted from the XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.
Date | 2016-08-30 |
---|---|
LGR Version | 1 |
Language | heb-Hebr |
Unicode Version | 6.3.0 |
This document specifies a reference set of Label Generation Rules for Hebrew using a limited repertoire as appropriate for a second level domain.
All references converge on 27 Hebrew code points. The auxiliary set of CLDR extends the core set by adding 17 combining marks (points), and 2 format characters. The latter are not IDNA PVALID, therefore they cannot be part of the LGR. The 17 Hebrew points have the Bidi property NSM, while the core repertoire contains code points with Bidi properties: ES, EN, and R. Three of the Hebrew points: dagesh, shin dot and sin dot are used for consonant modification, and two of them: U+05C1 (ׁ) HEBREW POINT SHIN DOT and U+05C2 (ׂ) HEBREW POINT SIN DOT are only used in conjunction with U+05E9 (ש) HEBREW LETTER SHIN (see [603]). Based on current use of IDN labels for Hebrew [700], having any Hebrew points in the LGR repertoire seems unnecessary.
There is an IDN table published in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices for Hebrew by .il (Israel cctld) [700].
Letters documented in some references but not included (only PVALID code points are listed):
U+05B0 (ְ) HEBREW POINT SHEVA
U+05B1 (ֱ) HEBREW POINT HATAF SEGOL
U+05B2 (ֲ) HEBREW POINT HATAF PATAH
U+05B3 (ֳ) HEBREW POINT HATAF QAMATS
U+05B4 (ִ) HEBREW POINT HIRIQ
U+05B5 (ֵ) HEBREW POINT TSERE
U+05B6 (ֶ) HEBREW POINT SEGOL
U+05B7 (ַ) HEBREW POINT PATAH
U+05B8 (ָ) HEBREW POINT QAMATS
U+05B9 (ֹ) HEBREW POINT HOLAM
U+05BB (ֻ) HEBREW POINT QUBUTS
U+05BC (ּ) HEBREW POINT DAGESH OR MAPIQ
U+05BD (ֽ) HEBREW POINT METEG
U+05BF (ֿ) HEBREW POINT RAFE
U+05C4 (ׄ) HEBREW MARK UPPER DOT
U+05E9 U+05C1 (שׁ) HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH SHIN DOT
U+05E9 U+05C2 (שׂ) HEBREW LETTER SHIN WITH SIN DOT
None.
There are no variants in the core repertoire.
This LGR defines no named character classes.
Common rules:
Hyphen Restrictions — restrictions on the allowable placement of hyphens (no leading/ending hyphen and no hyphen in positions 3 and 4). These restrictions are described in section 4.2.3.1 of RFC5891 [120]. They are implemented here as context rule on U+002D (-) (-) HYPHEN-MINUS.
Leading Combining Marks — restrictions on the allowable placement of combining marks (no leading combining mark). This rule is described in section 4.2.3.2 of RFC5891 [120].
Right-to-left rule:
Because this LGR contains only a subset of PVALID code points, and in particular does not allow ASCII mixing or any left-to-right code points, the Bidi rules defined in RFC 5893 [121] can be simplified to preventing European digits from starting a label (hyphen-minus and all combining marks cannot be leading because of other rules).
Leading digit — restrictions on the allowable placement of digit (no leading digit). This rule is described in section 2.1 of RFC5893 [121].
Actions included are the default actions for LGRs as well as those needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks.
This reference LGR for Hebrew for the 2nd Level has been developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, verified in expert reviews by Michael Everson, Nicholas Ostler, and Wil Tan, and based on multiple open public consultations.
General references for the language:
Wikipedia: Hebrew language
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_language
Omniglot: Hebrew
http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hebrew.htm
In the listing of the repertoire by code point, references starting from [0] refer to the version of the Unicode Standard in which the corresponding code point was initially encoded. Other references (starting from [100]) document usage of code points. For more details, see the Table of References below.
Number of elements in Repertoire | 38 |
---|---|
Total entries in table | 38 |
Longest code point sequence | 1 |
The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.
Code Point |
Glyph | Script | Name | References | Tags | Required Context | Part of Repertoire |
Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
U+002D | - | Common | HYPHEN-MINUS | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: hyphen-minus-disallowed | ✔ | |
U+0030 | 0 | Common | DIGIT ZERO | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: leading-digit | ✔ | |
U+0031 | 1 | Common | DIGIT ONE | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: leading-digit | ✔ | |
U+0032 | 2 | Common | DIGIT TWO | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: leading-digit | ✔ | |
U+0033 | 3 | Common | DIGIT THREE | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: leading-digit | ✔ | |
U+0034 | 4 | Common | DIGIT FOUR | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: leading-digit | ✔ | |
U+0035 | 5 | Common | DIGIT FIVE | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: leading-digit | ✔ | |
U+0036 | 6 | Common | DIGIT SIX | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: leading-digit | ✔ | |
U+0037 | 7 | Common | DIGIT SEVEN | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: leading-digit | ✔ | |
U+0038 | 8 | Common | DIGIT EIGHT | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: leading-digit | ✔ | |
U+0039 | 9 | Common | DIGIT NINE | [0] | sc:Zyyy | not: leading-digit | ✔ | |
U+05D0 | א | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER ALEF | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05D1 | ב | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER BET | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05D2 | ג | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER GIMEL | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05D3 | ד | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER DALET | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05D4 | ה | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER HE | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05D5 | ו | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER VAV | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05D6 | ז | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER ZAYIN | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05D7 | ח | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER HET | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05D8 | ט | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER TET | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05D9 | י | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER YOD | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05DA | ך | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER FINAL KAF | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05DB | כ | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER KAF | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05DC | ל | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER LAMED | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05DD | ם | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER FINAL MEM | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05DE | מ | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER MEM | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05DF | ן | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER FINAL NUN | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05E0 | נ | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER NUN | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05E1 | ס | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER SAMEKH | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05E2 | ע | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER AYIN | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05E3 | ף | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER FINAL PE | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05E4 | פ | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER PE | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05E5 | ץ | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER FINAL TSADI | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05E6 | צ | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER TSADI | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05E7 | ק | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER QOF | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05E8 | ר | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER RESH | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05E9 | ש | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER SHIN | [0], [100], [201], [401], [603], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ | ||
U+05EA | ת | Hebrew | HEBREW LETTER TAV | [0], [100], [201], [401], [700] | sc:Hebr | ✔ |
This LGR does not specify any variants.
The following table lists all named classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).
Name | Definition | Count | Members or Ranges | Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
implicit | Tag=sc:Hebr | 27 Elements: | {05D0-05EA} | ||
implicit | Tag=sc:Zyyy | 11 Elements: | {002D 0030-0039} |
The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point. (Any use of context rules for variants is not indicated).
Name | Used as Trigger |
Used as Context |
Anchor | Regular Expression | Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
leading-combining-mark | ✔ | (^[∅=[[∅=\p{gc=Mn}][∅=\p{gc=Mc}]]]) |
[120] | RFC5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks | ||
hyphen-minus-disallowed | ✔ | ✔ | ((((?<=^)⚓)|(⚓(?=$))|((?<=^..\u002D)⚓))) |
[120] | RFC5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D | |
leading-digit | ✔ | ✔ | ((?<=^)⚓) |
[121] | RFC5893 restrictions on placement of European digit | |
extended-cp | (^$) |
code points from the extended range |
Note: The following rules are defined but not used in this LGR: extended-cp.
The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels, based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.
# | Condition | Rule / Variant Set | Disposition | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | if label matches | leading-combining-mark | → | invalid | by default, labels with leading combining marks are invalid | |
2 | if any label (catch-all) | → | valid | catch all (default action) |
[0] | The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5) Any code point cited was originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1 |
[1] | The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5) Any code point cited was originally encoded in Unicode Version 2.0 |
[100] | Internetstiftelsen i Sverige (IIS), Hebrew https://github.com/dotse/IDN-ref-tables/blob/master/language-tables/hebrew-lang-ref-table.txt |
[107] | MSR-2 Maximum Starting Repertoire https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-2-overview-14apr15-en.pdf Code points cited are listed as unsuitable due to limited use |
[120] | RFC5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891 |
[121] | RFC5893, Right-to-Left Scripts for Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA) http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5893 |
[201] | Omniglot Hebrew http://www.omniglot.com/writing/hebrew.htm |
[401] | The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository.- CLDR Version 28 (2015-09-16)- Locale Data Summary for Hebrew [he]- http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/he.html Code points cited are from the set of Main Letters |
[402] | The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository.- CLDR Version 28 (2015-09-16)- Locale Data Summary for Hebrew [he]- http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/he.html Code points cited are from the set of Auxiliary Letters |
[603] | Wikipedia Hebrew alphabet https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebrew_alphabet accessed 2015-12-01 Code points cited are from the set of Hebrew points |
[700] | ISOC-IL (.il, Israel cctld) http://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables/tables/il_he_1.0.html |