Reference LGR for script: Gurmukhi (Guru) lgr-second-level-gurmukhi-script-15dec20-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2020-12-15
LGR Version 1 (Second Level Reference LGR)
Language und-Guru (Gurmukhi Script)
Unicode Version 6.3.0

Table of Contents

1 Description

Reference Label Generation Rules for the Gurmukhi Script

Overview

This document specifies a reference set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Gurmukhi script for the second level. The starting point for the development of this LGR can be found in the related Root Zone LGR [RZ-LGR-4-Guru]. For details and additional background on the script, see "Proposal for a Gurmukhi Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)" [Proposal-Gurmukhi]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

Repertoire

The repertoire contains 56 codepoints for letters used by the Punjabi language written using the Gurmukhi script. Punjabi ([EGIDS] level 2) is the only language currently using the Gurmukhi script. The repertoire is a subset of [Unicode 6.3]. For more detail, see Section 5, "Repertoire" in [Proposal-Gurmukhi]. (The proposal cited has been adopted for the Gurmukhi script portion of the Root Zone LGR.)

For the second level, the repertoire has been augmented with the ASCII digits, U+0030 (0) to U+0039 (9), and U+002D (-) HYPHEN-MINUS for a total of 67 repertoire elements.

Code points outside the Gurmukhi script that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-script variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type "out-of-repertoire-var". They do not form part of the repertoire.

Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, one or more tag values denoting character category, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below. Comments identify alternate names for some code points.

Variants

This reference LGR is designed for use in zones shared by more than one script. Where appropriate, cross-script variants have been defined to mutually exclude labels from different scripts that could otherwise be substituted by the users. Once a label has been delegated for one script, any variant labels from other scripts consisting of cross-script variants would be blocked. Any label containing at least one code point that is not a cross-script variant would be considered distinct. Because of that, even large numbers of defined cross-script variants generally do not lead to a high percentage of labels experiencing a collision.

The Gurmukhi and Devanagari scripts are closely related to each other and there are many code points in both scripts which can be confused with code points in the other script. Five sequences of Devanagari code points are defined as variants of single Gurmukhi code points. Additional cross-script variant analysis identified a smaller set of code points from the Bengali script. Where these can cause confusion even to a careful observer, they have been defined as variants. There are no in-script variants defined for Gurmukhi. See Section 6, "Variants" in [Proposal-Gurmukhi].

Digit Variants: The Gurmukhi reference LGR does not include native digits, so there are no variants defined.

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type “blocked”, making labels that differ only by these variants mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other variant labels should be blocked.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

The specification of variants in this reference LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

Gurmukhi is an alphasyllabary and the heart of the writing system is the akshar. This is the unit which is instinctively recognized by users of the script. The elements of the writing system consist of Consonants, Implicit Vowel Killer: Halant, Vowels, Bindi, Tippi, Addak, Nukta and Visarga.

Consonants: Gurmukhi consonants contain an implicit vowel schwa /ə/. They are also used without any modification to represent consonant sounds without an implicit /ə/ vowel More details in Section 3.3.1, "The Consonants" in [Proposal-Gurmukhi].

Virama: Unlike the Halant in other Neo-Brahmi scripts, U+094D ( ् ) GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA is not used in general to strip a consonant letter’s implicit vowel. The Virama is only used to create a conjunct where the letter U+0A39 (ਹ) HA, U+0A30 (ਰ) RA or U+0A35 (ਵ) VA is the second element in a conjunct. More details in Section 3.3.2, "The Implicit Vowel Killer: Virama" in [Proposal-Gurmukhi].

Vowels and Matras: Punjabi has seven long vowels and three short vowels (ਅ /ə/, ਇ /I/, and ਉ /U/) . Each of them, except U+0A05 (ਅ) have a corresponding vowel sign, or matra, which is used to modify the vowel inherent in the preceding consonant. More details in Section 3.3.3, "Vowels" in [Proposal-Gurmukhi].

Bindi: Bindi represents a homo-organic nasal. Bindi is used with all long vowels and the short vowel U+0A09 (ਉ), as well as with the matras of long vowels, except the matra U+0A42 (ੂ). More details in Section 3.3.4.1, "The Bindi" in [Proposal-Gurmukhi].

Tippi: Tippi is used to nasalize short vowels /ə/ and /I/ at all places, as well as /U/ and /u/ after a consonant. Therefore, Tippi comes after consonants without a vowel sign (representing the matra of /ə/ "mukta") and after the matra of /I/ ( ਿ ) following vowel carriers and consonants, such as in ਸੰ and ਸਿੰ. The matras of /U/ ( ੁ,) and /u/ ( ੂ ) following a consonant also take a Tippi. In addition, Tippi is used in gemination for nasal consonants ਙ, ਞ, ਨ and ਮ. More details in Section 3.3.4.2, "The Tippi" in [Proposal-Gurmukhi].

Addak: Addak is used to mark the gemination of the following consonant. In Punjabi, addak usually can follow mukta, aunkar ( ੁ ) and sihari ( ਿ ), and the vowel signs of the short vowels /ə/, /u/ and /i/. It geminates the consonant that follows it; therefore it cannot occur at the end of a label. More details in Section 3.3.4.3 "The Addak" in [Proposal-Gurmukhi].

Nukta: Called pairin bindi in Punjabi, Nukta is used with the six consonants (ਸ, ਖ, ਗ, ਜ, ਫ and ਲ ) defined as set C1 to represent the phonemes of words of Sanskrit and Perso-Arabic sources. More details in Section 3.3.4.4, "Nukta" in [Proposal-Gurmukhi].

Common Digits: U+0030 (0) to U+0039 (9) are the set of digits from the ASCII range.

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Common Rules

Default Actions

Actions include the default actions for LGRs as well as that needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].

Gurmukhi-specific Rules

These rules have been drafted to ensure that the prospective Gurmukhi label conforms to akshar formation norms as desired in Gurmukhi script. These norms are exclusively presented as context rules.

The following symbols are used in the WLE rules:
C → Consonant
M → Matra
V → Vowel
B → Bindi
D → Tippi
A → Addak
H → Virama / Halant
N → Nukta
M1 → { ਿ(U+0A3F), ੁ (U+0A41) } (Short matras)
M2 → M - M1 (Long matras)
V1 → { ਅ (U+0A05), ਇ (U+0A07), ਉ (U+0A09)} (Short Vowels)
V2 → V - V1 (Long Vowel)
C1 → {ਖ (U+0A16), ਗ (U+0A17), ਜ (U+0A1C), ਫ (U+0A2B), ਲ (U+0A32), ਸ (U+0A38)}
C2 → { ਰ (U+0A30), ਵ (U+0A35), ਹ (U+0A39)}
C3 → C – {ਙ (U+0A19), ਞ (U+0A1E), ਣ (U+0A23), ਹ (U+0A39), ੜ (U+0A5C)}

The rules are:

More details in Section 7, "Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)" in [Proposal-Gurmukhi].

Methodology and Contributors

This reference LGR for the Gurmukhi script for the 2nd Level has been developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, based on the Root Zone LGR for Gurmukhi and information contained or referenced therein, see [RZ-LGR-4-Guru]. Suitable extensions for the second level have been applied according to the [Guidelines] with community input. The original proposal for a Root Zone LGR for the Gurmukhi script, that this reference LGR is based on, was developed by the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP). For more information on methodology and contributors to the underlying Root Zone LGR, see Sections 4 and 8 in [Proposal-Gurmukhi], as well as [RZ-LGR-Overview].

References

The following general references are cited in this document:

[Guidelines]
ICANN, "Guidelines for Developing Reference LGRs for the Second Level, (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 27 May 2020),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/lgr-guidelines-second-level-06jan16-en.pdf
[EGIDS]
Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale,
https://www.ethnologue.com/about/language-status
(Accessed on 13 Nov. 2017)
[Proposal-Gurmukhi]
Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, "Proposal for a Gurmukhi Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)", 22 April 2019,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-gurmukhi-lgr-22apr19-en.pdf
[RFC 7940]
Davies, K. and A. Freytag, "Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML", RFC 7940, August 2016,
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
A. Freytag, "Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels", RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[RZ-LGR-Overview]
Integration Panel, "Root Zone Label Generation Rules - LGR-4: Overview and Summary", 5 November 2020 (PDF),
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-4-overview-05nov20-en.pdf
[RZ-LGR-4-Guru]
ICANN, Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Gurmukhi Script (und-Guru) , 5 November 2020 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-4-gurmukhi-script-05nov20-en.xml
[Unicode 6.3]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/

For references consulted particularly in designing the repertoire for the Gurmukhi script for the second level please see details in the Table of References below. Reference [0] refers to the Unicode Standard version in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [105] and above correspond to sources given in [Proposal-Gurmukhi] justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. Reference [150] indicates the source for common rules.

2 Repertoire

Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire 67
Out-of-repertoire variants 30
Total entries in table 97
Number of code points
for each script
Bengali 2
Devanagari 23
Gurmukhi 56
Common 11
Number of code points 92
Number of sequences 5
Longest code point sequence 4

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code
Point
Glyph Script Name Ref Tags Required Context Part of
Repertoire
Variants Comment
U+002D - Common HYPHEN-MINUS [0] Hyphen not: hyphen-minus-disallowed  
U+0030 0 Common DIGIT ZERO [0] Common-digit    
U+0031 1 Common DIGIT ONE [0] Common-digit    
U+0032 2 Common DIGIT TWO [0] Common-digit    
U+0033 3 Common DIGIT THREE [0] Common-digit    
U+0034 4 Common DIGIT FOUR [0] Common-digit    
U+0035 5 Common DIGIT FIVE [0] Common-digit    
U+0036 6 Common DIGIT SIX [0] Common-digit    
U+0037 7 Common DIGIT SEVEN [0] Common-digit    
U+0038 8 Common DIGIT EIGHT [0] Common-digit    
U+0039 9 Common DIGIT NINE [0] Common-digit    
U+0902 Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA [0]     set 1 Not part of repertoire
U+0907 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER I [0]     set 2 Not part of repertoire
U+0909 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER U [0]     set 3 Not part of repertoire
U+0917 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER GA [0]     set 4 Not part of repertoire
U+0918 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA [0]     set 5 Not part of repertoire
U+091F Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA [0]     set 6 Not part of repertoire
U+0920 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA [0]     set 7 Not part of repertoire
U+0922 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA [0]     set 8 Not part of repertoire
U+0924 U+094D U+0924 त्त {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER TA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TA       set 9 Not part of repertoire
U+092A Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER PA [0]     set 10 Not part of repertoire
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+093F प्टि {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I       set 11 Not part of repertoire
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0940 प्टी {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II       set 12 Not part of repertoire
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0946 प्टॆ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E       set 13 Not part of repertoire
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0947 प्टे {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E       set 13 Not part of repertoire
U+092D Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA [0]     set 14 Not part of repertoire
U+092E Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER MA [0]     set 15 Not part of repertoire
U+0935 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER VA [0]     set 16 Not part of repertoire
U+0939 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER HA [0]     set 17 Not part of repertoire
U+093A Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE [11]     set 1 Not part of repertoire
U+093C Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA [0]     set 18 Not part of repertoire
U+093F ि Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I [0]     set 19 Not part of repertoire
U+0940 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II [0]     set 20 Not part of repertoire
U+0945 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E [0]     set 21 Not part of repertoire
U+0946 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E [0]     set 22 Not part of repertoire
U+0947 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E [0]     set 22 Not part of repertoire
U+0948 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI [0]     set 23 Not part of repertoire
U+0956 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE [11]     set 24 Not part of repertoire
U+0957 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE [11]     set 25 Not part of repertoire
U+09AE Bengali BENGALI LETTER MA [0]     set 15 Not part of repertoire
U+09BF ি Bengali BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I [0]     set 19 Not part of repertoire
U+0A02 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI [0], [105], [112] Bindi follows-specific-V-or-M set 1 Punjabi
U+0A05 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER A [0], [105], [112] V1, Vowel     = aira; Punjabi
U+0A06 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER AA [0], [105], [112] Vowel     Punjabi
U+0A07 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER I [0], [105], [112] V1, Vowel   set 11 Punjabi
U+0A08 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER II [0], [105], [112] Vowel   set 12 Punjabi
U+0A09 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER U [0], [105], [112] V1, Vowel     Punjabi
U+0A0A Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER UU [0], [105], [112] Vowel     Punjabi
U+0A0F Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER EE [0], [105], [112] Vowel   set 13 Punjabi
U+0A10 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER AI [0], [105], [112] Vowel     Punjabi
U+0A13 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER OO [0], [105], [112] Vowel     Punjabi
U+0A14 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER AU [0], [105], [112] Vowel     Punjabi
U+0A15 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER KA [0], [105], [112] Consonant   set 16 Punjabi
U+0A16 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER KHA [0], [105], [112] C1, Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A17 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER GA [0], [105], [112] C1, Consonant   set 4 Punjabi
U+0A18 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER GHA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A19 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER NGA [0], [105], [112] Consonant   set 2 Punjabi
U+0A1A Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER CA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A1B Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER CHA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A1C Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER JA [0], [105], [112] C1, Consonant   set 9 Punjabi
U+0A1D Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER JHA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A1E Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER NYA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A1F Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER TTA [0], [105], [112] Consonant   set 6 Punjabi
U+0A20 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA [0], [105], [112] Consonant   set 7 Punjabi
U+0A21 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER DDA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A22 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER DDHA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A23 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER NNA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A24 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER TA [0], [105], [112] Consonant   set 3 Punjabi
U+0A25 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER THA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A26 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER DA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A27 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER DHA [0], [105], [112] Consonant   set 10 Punjabi
U+0A28 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER NA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A2A Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER PA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A2B Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER PHA [0], [105], [112] C1, Consonant   set 8 Punjabi
U+0A2C Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER BA [0], [105], [112] Consonant   set 5 Punjabi
U+0A2D Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER BHA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A2E Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER MA [0], [105], [112] Consonant   set 14 Punjabi
U+0A2F Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER YA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A30 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER RA [0], [105], [112] C2, Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A32 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER LA [0], [105], [112] C1, Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A35 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER VA [0], [105], [112] C2, Consonant   set 17 Punjabi
U+0A38 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER SA [0], [105], [112] C1, Consonant   set 15 Punjabi
U+0A39 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER HA [0], [105], [112] C2, Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A3C Gurmukhi GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA [0], [105], [112] Nukta follows-C1 set 18 = pairin bindi; Punjabi
U+0A3E Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AA [0], [105], [110], [112] Matra follows-C-or-N   = kanna; Punjabi
U+0A3F ਿ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I [0], [105], [112] M1, Matra follows-C-or-N set 19 = sihari; Punjabi
U+0A40 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II [0], [105], [112] Matra follows-C-or-N set 20 = bihari; Punjabi
U+0A41 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U [0], [105], [112] M1, Matra follows-C-or-N set 24 = aunkar; Punjabi
U+0A42 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU [0], [105], [112] Matra follows-C-or-N set 25 = dulainkar; Punjabi
U+0A47 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE [0], [105], [112] Matra follows-C-or-N set 22 = lanvan; Punjabi
U+0A48 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI [0], [105], [112] Matra follows-C-or-N set 23 = dulavan; Punjabi
U+0A4B Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO [0], [105], [112] Matra follows-C-or-N set 22 = hora; Punjabi
U+0A4C Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AU [0], [105], [112] Matra follows-C-or-N   = kanaura; Punjabi
U+0A4D Gurmukhi GURMUKHI SIGN VIRAMA [0], [105], [112] Virama follows-C-or-N-and-precedes-C2   Punjabi
U+0A5C Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER RRA [0], [105], [112] Consonant     Punjabi
U+0A70 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI TIPPI [0], [105], [112] Tippi follows-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M   Punjabi
U+0A71 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI ADDAK [0], [105], [112] Addak follows-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M-and-precedes-C3 set 21 Punjabi

Legend

Throughout this LGR, a code point sequence may be annotated with a string in ALL CAPS that is constructed on the same principle as a name for a Unicode Named Sequence. No claim is made that a sequence thus annotated is in fact a named sequence, nor that the annotation in such case actually corresponds to the formal name of a named sequence.

Code Point
A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph
The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common. Sequences are annotated with a set of all distinct script values.
Name
Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database. Named sequences are listed with their normative names, for ad-hoc sequences the individual names are shown separated by “+”.
Ref
Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view. For sequences, the tags for all member code points are shown in [] for information; sequences as such do not have tags.
Required Context
Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment
The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.
✔ - core repertoire
A check mark in the Part-of-repertoire column indicates a code point is part of the core repertoire.
✗ - out-of-repertoire
A code point shown with is not part of the repertoire. It is listed only because it is the target of an out-of-repertoire-var variant mapping.

3 Variant Sets

Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets 25
Largest variant set 4
Ordinary Variants by Type
blocked 76
Reflexive Variants by Type
out-of-repertoire-var 30

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and all variant sets are disjoint.

Common Legend

Source
By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
- forward
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
- reverse
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
- both
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
- reflexive
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
Type
The type of the variant mapping. There are some predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”, while others are defined specifically for each LGR. A reflexive variant type “out-of-repertoire-var” designates the target as not part of the repertoire; it is required as target for one or more variant mappings that cross repertoire boundaries.
Ref
One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0902 0902 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0902 093A blocked   Devanagari variant added to ensure transitivity
0902 0A02 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
093A 093A out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
093A 0A02 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 2 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0907 0907 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0907 0A19 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 3 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0909 0909 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0909 0A24 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0917 0917 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0917 0A17 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0918 0918 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0918 0A2C blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 6 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
091F 091F out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
091F 0A1F blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 7 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0920 0920 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0920 0A20 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 8 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0922 0922 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0922 0A2B blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0924 094D 0924 त्त 0924 094D 0924 त्त out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0924 094D 0924 त्त 0A1C blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 092A out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
092A 0A27 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 11 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 094D 091F 093F प्टि 092A 094D 091F 093F प्टि out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
092A 094D 091F 093F प्टि 0A07 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 12 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 094D 091F 0940 प्टी 092A 094D 091F 0940 प्टी out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
092A 094D 091F 0940 प्टी 0A08 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 13 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 094D 091F 0946 प्टॆ 092A 094D 091F 0946 प्टॆ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
092A 094D 091F 0946 प्टॆ 092A 094D 091F 0947 प्टे blocked   Devanagari variant added to ensure transitivity
092A 094D 091F 0946 प्टॆ 0A0F blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
092A 094D 091F 0947 प्टे 092A 094D 091F 0947 प्टे out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
092A 094D 091F 0947 प्टे 0A0F blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 14 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092D 092D out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
092D 0A2E blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 15 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092E 092E out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
092E 09AE blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
092E 0A38 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
09AE 09AE out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
09AE 0A38 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0935 0935 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0935 0A15 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 17 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0939 0939 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0939 0A35 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 18 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
093C 093C out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
093C 0A3C blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 19 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
093F ि 093F ि out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
093F ि 09BF ি blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
093F ि 0A3F ਿ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
09BF ি 09BF ি out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
09BF ি 0A3F ਿ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 20 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0940 0940 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0940 0A40 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 21 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0945 0945 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0945 0A71 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 22 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0946 0946 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0946 0947 blocked   Devanagari variant added to ensure transitivity
0946 0A47 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0946 0A4B blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0947 0947 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0947 0A47 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0947 0A4B blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A47 0A4B blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 23 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0948 0948 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0948 0A48 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 24 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0956 0956 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0956 0A41 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 25 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0957 0957 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0957 0A42 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

4 Classes, Rules and Actions

4.1 Character Classes

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges Ref Comment
C Tag=Consonant 32 {0A15-0A28 0A2A-0A30 0A32 0A35 0A38-0A39 0A5C}   Any Gurmukhi consonant
V Tag=Vowel 10 {0A05-0A0A 0A0F-0A10 0A13-0A14}   Any Gurmukhi independent vowel
M Tag=Matra 9 {0A3E-0A42 0A47-0A48 0A4B-0A4C}   Any Gurmukhi vowel sign (matra)
N Tag=Nukta 1 {0A3C}   The Gurmukhi Nukta
V1 Tag=V1 3 {0A05 0A07 0A09}   Specific vowels that are used with Gurmukhi Addak
V2 combined =
[[:V:] ∖ [:V1:]]
7 {0A06 0A08 0A0A 0A0F-0A10 0A13-0A14}   Specific vowels that are used with Gurmukhi Bindi
M1 Tag=M1 2 {0A3F 0A41}   Gurmukhi short matras
M2 combined =
[[:M:] ∖ [:M1:]]
7 {0A3E 0A40 0A42 0A47-0A48 0A4B-0A4C}   Gurmukhi long matras
C1 Tag=C1 6 {0A16-0A17 0A1C 0A2B 0A32 0A38}   Specific consonants preceding Gurmukhi Nukta
C2 Tag=C2 3 {0A30 0A35 0A39}   Specific consonants following Gurmukhi Halant
C3 combined =
[[:C:] ∖ [0A19 0A1E 0A23 0A39 0A5C]]
27 {0A15-0A18 0A1A-0A1D 0A1F-0A22 0A24-0A28 0A2A-0A30 0A32 0A35 0A38}   Specific consonants following Gurmukhi Addak
hyphen Tag=Hyphen 1 {002D}   The Hyphen-minus character ⍟
implicit Tag=Addak 1 {0A71}   The character tagged as Addak
implicit Tag=Bindi 1 {0A02}   The character tagged as Bindi
implicit Tag=Common-digit 10 {0030-0039}   Any character tagged as Common-digit
implicit Tag=Tippi 1 {0A70}   The character tagged as Tippi
implicit Tag=Virama 1 {0A4D}   The character tagged as Virama
implicit Tag=sc:Beng 2 {09AE 09BF}   Any character tagged as Bengali
implicit Tag=sc:Deva 23 {0902 0907 0909 0917-0918 091F-0920 0922 092A 092D-092E 0935 0939-093A 093C 093F-0940 0945-0948 0956-0957}   Any character tagged as Devanagari
implicit Tag=sc:Guru 56 {0A02 0A05-0A0A 0A0F-0A10 0A13-0A28 0A2A-0A30 0A32 0A35 0A38-0A39 0A3C 0A3E-0A42 0A47-0A48 0A4B-0A4D 0A5C 0A70-0A71}   Any character tagged as Gurmukhi
implicit Tag=sc:Zyyy 11 {002D 0030-0039}   Any character tagged as Common

Legend

Members or Ranges
Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt
A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit
An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value for which there is no named equivalent.
Combined
A named class defined by set operations on other classes using the following syntax:
[ ] - explicit character set
For explicit character sets that are part of a rule, only those members are shown that are defined in this LGR.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators ( = union, = intersection, = difference, = symmetric difference).

4.2 Whole label evaluation and context rules

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name Regular Expression Used as
Trigger
Anchor Used as
Context
Ref Comment
leading-combining-mark (start)[[\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [\p{gc=Mc}]]     [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
hyphen-minus-disallowed (((start))← ⚓)|(⚓ →((end)))|(((start)..[:hyphen:])← ⚓)   C [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D (-) ⍟
follows-C1 ([:C1:])← ⚓   C   Section 7.1. N: must be preceded by C1
follows-C-or-N-and-precedes-C2 ([:C:]|[:N:])← ⚓ →([:C2:])   C   Section 7.2. H: must be preceded by C or N and followed by C2
follows-C-or-N ([:C:]|[:N:])← ⚓   C   Section 7.3. M: must be preceded by C or N
follows-specific-V-or-M ([:V2:]|\u0A09|([[:M2:] ∖ [\u0A42]]))← ⚓   C   Section 7.4. Bindi must be preceded by specific V or M
follows-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M ([:C:]|[:N:]|([[:V1:] ∖ [\u0A09]])|[:M1:]|\u0A42)← ⚓   C   Section 7.5. Tippi must be preceded by C, N or specific V or M
follows-C-N-or-specific-V-or-M-and-precedes-C3 ([:C:]|[:N:]|[:V1:]|\u0A10|[:M1:]|\u0A48)← ⚓ →([:C3:])   C   Section 7.6. Addak must be preceded by C, N or specific V or M and followed by C3

Legend

Used as Trigger
This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓ - context anchor
Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(...)← - look-behind
If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
→(..) - look-ahead
If present encloses required context following the anchor.
(... | ...) - choice
When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
start or end
(start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
. - any code point
. matches any code point.
[ ] - explicit character set
For explicit character sets that are part of a rule, only those members are shown that are defined in this LGR.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property character set
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators ( = union, = intersection, = difference, = symmetric difference).
⍟ - default rule
Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

4.3 Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label matches leading-combining-mark invalid [150] labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
2 if at least one variant is in {out-of-repertoire-var} invalid   any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
3 if at least one variant is in {blocked} blocked   any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
4 if each variant is in {allocatable} allocatable   variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟
5 if any label (catch-all)   valid   catch all (default action) ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set
In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

5 Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the "References" section in the Description.

[0] Gurmukhi Unicode chart (Accessed on 21 May 2018)
https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U0A00.pdf
[105] Omniglot,
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/punjabi.htm
(Accessed on 10 Nov. 2017)
[110] Gurmukhi Alphabet :: Lesson 11, “Gurmukhi Vowel Signs Group-1 Mukta and Kanna”,
http://elearnpunjabi.com
(Accessed on 10 Nov. 2017)
[112] A reference Grammar of Punjabi,
http://pt.learnpunjabi.org/assets/A%20Reference%20Grammar_Final.pdf
(Accessed on 10 Nov. 2017)
[150] RFC 5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891
[11] The Unicode Standard 6.0
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 6.0