Reference LGR for script: Devanagari (Deva) lgr-second-level-devanagari-script-15dec20-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2020-12-15
LGR Version 1 (Second Level Reference LGR)
Language und-Deva (Devanagari Script)
Unicode Version 6.3.0

Table of Contents

1 Description

Reference Label Generation Rules for the Devanagari Script

Overview

This document specifies a reference set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Devanagari script for the second level. The starting point for the development of this LGR can be found in the related Root Zone LGR [RZ-LGR-4-Deva]. For details and additional background on the script, see "Proposal for a Devanagari Script Root Zone Label Generation Rule-Set (LGR)" [Proposal-Devanagari]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

Repertoire

The repertoire contains 83 code points for letters in addition to 29 sequences. The two sequences U+0931 U+094D U+092F (ऱ्य) and U+0931 U+094D U+0939 (ऱ्ह) limit the character U+0931 ( ऱ ) DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA in its own specific context beyond which it does not stand by itself. Accordingly, while U+0931 (ऱ) is not listed by itself, it brings the total of code points available for letters to 84.

A number of other sequences have been defined in connection with the definition of variants (see "Variants" below).

The repertoire includes code points used by languages written in Devanagari that fall within levels 1 to 4 on the [EGIDS] scale. Boro, Braj, Dhundari, Mundari, Kharia are additionally covered. Though listed as level 4 on the EGIDS scale, Saraiki is not covered, because the Devanagari script is "no longer in use" by the Saraiki community. A non-exhaustive list of languages using each code point can be found in the comments.

The repertoire is a subset of [Unicode 6.3]. For more details, see Section 5, "Repertoire" in [Proposal-Devanagari]. (The proposal cited has been adopted for the Devanagari script portion of the Root Zone LGR.)

For the second level, the repertoire has been augmented with the HYPHEN-MINUS, and two sets of decimal digits:

for a total of 133 repertoire elements.

Code points outside the Devanagari script that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-script variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type "out-of-repertoire-var". They do not form part of the repertoire.

Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, one or more tag values denoting character category, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below. For code points that are part of the repertoire, comments identify the languages using the code point.

Variants

This reference LGR is designed for use in zones shared by more than one script. Where appropriate, cross-script variants have been defined to mutually exclude labels from different scripts that could otherwise be substituted by the users. Once a label has been delegated for one script, any variant labels from other scripts consisting of cross-script variants would be blocked. Any label containing at least one code point that is not a cross-script variant would be considered distinct. Because of that, even large numbers of defined cross-script variants generally do not lead to a high percentage of labels experiencing a collision.

In-script variants: This LGR extends the in-script variants and cross-script variants as described in Section 6, "Variants", in "[Proposal-Devanagari]". The in-script variants in this fall into four broad categories:

As hyphen is not permitted in some positions on the label, a variant context rule is used to undefine the respective variants in positions in which the sequences containing hyphen cannot occur.

Cross-script variants: In addition to these, cross-script variant analysis of Devanagari identified cross-script variants with the Gurmukhi and Bengali scripts.

Digit Variants: All Devanagari digits are treated as semantic variants of the corresponding common (ASCII) digits. By transitivity, they are also semantic variants of any native digits in scripts that also include the common digits. Such variant relations are deemed to exist implicitly by transitivity but are not listed explicitly in each reference LGR. (Omitting the listing of these other cross script digit variants does not affect index variant calculation, as the ASCII digit variant being smallest would always be the index variant.) Note that in addition to a transitive semantic variant relation, Devanagari digits ZERO, TWO, FOUR, FIVE and EIGHT are cross-script homoglyph or near homoglyph variants of the corresponding Gujarati digits. Devanagari digit ZERO is a cross-script homoglyph or near homoglyph of digit ZERO in many other scripts; these are already implicit semantic variants by transitivity and therefore not listed here. To keep digit variant sets manageable in zones where multiple scripts are present, no attempt has been made at identifying cross-script variants among digits of different numeric value or between a digit in one script and a letter in another, such as between digit zero and Latin letter 'o'.

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type "blocked"; labels that differ only by these variants are mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other equivalent label should be blocked.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

Context Rules for Variants: some of the variants defined in this LGR are "effective null variants", that is, some code points in the source map to "nothing" in the target with all other code points unchanged. (Because mappings are symmetric, it does not matter whether it is the forward or reverse mapping that maps to "null"). Such variants require a context rule to keep the variant set well behaved. Symmetry requires the same context rule for both forward and reverse mappings.

In other cases, the sequences or code points making up source and target are constrained by explicit context rules on the code points (or by implicit context rules defined for the adjacent code points). In such a case, any variants may require context rules that match the intersection between the effective contexts for both source and target; otherwise, a sequence might be considered valid in some variant label when it would not be valid in an equivalent context in an original label.

The specification of variants in this reference LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

Devanagari is an alphasyllabary and the heart of the writing system is the akshar. This is the unit which is instinctively recognized by users of the script. As encoded, the writing system of Devanagari is composed of Consonants, Halant, Vowels, Anusvara, Candrabindu, Nukta and Visarga.

Consonants: Devanagari consonants all contain an implicit schwa /ə/. To make a full syllable, consonants may be followed by certain code points from one or more of the other groups (see "WLE rules" below). See Section 3.3.1, "The Consonants" of the [Proposal-Devanagari].

Halant: Because consonants contain an implicit vowel schwa /ə/, a special sign is needed to denote when this implicit vowel is stripped off. This sign is the Halant, encoded as U+094D ( ् ) DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA. The Halant thus joins two consonants and creates conjuncts, which can be generally from 2 to 4 consonant combinations. In rare cases, it can join up to 5 consonants. However, this LGR will not enforce any length limit. See Section 3.3.2, "The Implicit Vowel Killer: Halant" in [Proposal-Devanagari].

Vowels and Matras: There are separate code points for vowels that are pronounced independently at the beginning of a syllable or after a vowel sound. To indicate a Vowel sound following a consonant other than the implicit shwa sound, a vowel sign (matra) is attached to the consonant. There is an equivalent matra for each vowel excepting U+0905 ( अ ) DEVANAGARI VOWEL A. See Section 3.3.3, "Vowels" in [Proposal-Devanagari].

Anusvara: The Anusvara shows a nasal at the end of a syllable. See Section 3.3.4, "The Anusvara" of the [Proposal-Devanagari].

Candrabindu: A Candrabindu denotes nasalization of the preceding vowel. Present-day Hindi users tend to replace the Candrabindu by the Anusvara. See Section 3.3.5, "Nasalization: Candrabindu" in [Proposal-Devanagari].

Nukta: The nukta sign is placed below a certain number of consonants to represent sounds found only in words borrowed from Perso-Arabic, English and other non-Aryan sources. It is also placed under the consonants U+0921 ( ड ) and U+0922 ( ढ ) to indicate flapped sounds. Apart from this, the Santali language uses Nukta adjoined to certain vowels and vowel signs. See Section 3.3.6, "Nukta" in [Proposal-Devanagari].

Visarga: U+0903 ( ः ) DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA, representing an aspiration at the end of a syllable, is frequently used in Sanskrit. See Section 3.3.7, "Visarga and Avagraha" in [Proposal-Devanagari].

Devanagari Digits: U+0966 (०) to U+096F (९) are a set of Devanagari-specific digits. They are used in alternation with the European (common) digits.

Common Digits: U+0030 (0) to U+0039 (9) are the set of digits from the ASCII range.

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Common Rules

Default Actions

Actions include the default actions for LGRs as well as that needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].

Devanagari-specific Rules

These rules ensure that the Devanagari label conforms to akshar formation norms for the Devanagari script. These norms are exclusively presented as context rules.

The following symbols are used in the names and comments for WLE rules:

The rules are:

The following context rules are used for variants where a Nukta maps to a "null", or that are overlapped:

See Section 7, "Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)" of [Proposal-Devanagari].

Methodology and Contributors

This reference LGR for the Devanagari script for the 2nd Level has been developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, based on the Root Zone LGR for Devanagari and information contained or referenced therein, see [RZ-LGR-4-Deva]. Suitable extensions for the second level have been applied according to the [Guidelines] and with community input. The original proposal for a Root Zone LGR for the Devanagari script, that this reference LGR is based on, was developed by the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP). For more information on methodology and contributors to the underlying Root Zone LGR, see Sections 4 and 8 in [Proposal-Devanagari], as well as [RZ-LGR-Overview].

References

The following general references are cited in this document:

[Guidelines]
ICANN, "Guidelines for Developing Reference LGRs for the Second Level, (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 27 May 2020),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/lgr-guidelines-second-level-06jan16-en.pdf
[EGIDS]
Expanded Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale,
https://www.ethnologue.com/about/language-status
(Accessed on 13 Nov. 2017)
[Proposal-Devanagari]
Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, “Proposal for a Devanagari Script Root Zone Label Generation Rule-Set (LGR)”, 22 April 2019,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-devanagari-lgr-22apr19-en.pdf
[RFC 7940]
Davies, K. and A. Freytag, "Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML", RFC 7940, August 2016,
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
A. Freytag, "Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels", RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[RZ-LGR-Overview]
Integration Panel, "Root Zone Label Generation Rules - LGR-4: Overview and Summary", 5 November 2020 (PDF),
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-4-overview-05nov20-en.pdf
[RZ-LGR-4-Deva]
ICANN, Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Devanagari Script (und-Deva) , 5 November 2020 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-4-devanagari-script-05nov20-en.xml
[Unicode 6.3]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/

For references consulted particularly in designing the repertoire for the Devanagari script for the second level please see details in the Table of References below. References [0] to [11] refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [100] and above correspond to sources given in [Proposal-Devanagari] justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. Reference [150] indicates the source for common rules.

2 Repertoire

Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire 133
Out-of-repertoire variants 28
Total entries in table 161
Number of code points
for each script
Bengali 2
Devanagari 93
Gurmukhi 26
Common 11
Number of code points 132
Number of sequences 29
Longest code point sequence 4
Code points defined via sequence 1

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

Some code points that may be part of a valid label under this LGR only occur as part of one or more sequences. Such code points are not listed individually in the table.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code
Point
Glyph Script Name Ref Tags Required Context Part of
Repertoire
Variants Comment
U+002D - Common HYPHEN-MINUS [0] Hyphen not: hyphen-minus-disallowed  
U+002D U+092F -य {Common, Devanagari} HYPHEN-MINUS + DEVANAGARI LETTER YA [0] [Hyphen] + [Consonant] not: hyphen-minus-sequence-disallowed set 1  
U+002D U+0939 -ह {Common, Devanagari} HYPHEN-MINUS + DEVANAGARI LETTER HA [0] [Hyphen] + [Consonant] not: hyphen-minus-sequence-disallowed set 2  
U+0030 0 Common DIGIT ZERO [0] Common-digit   set 3
U+0031 1 Common DIGIT ONE [0] Common-digit   set 4
U+0032 2 Common DIGIT TWO [0] Common-digit   set 5
U+0033 3 Common DIGIT THREE [0] Common-digit   set 6
U+0034 4 Common DIGIT FOUR [0] Common-digit   set 7
U+0035 5 Common DIGIT FIVE [0] Common-digit   set 8
U+0036 6 Common DIGIT SIX [0] Common-digit   set 9
U+0037 7 Common DIGIT SEVEN [0] Common-digit   set 10
U+0038 8 Common DIGIT EIGHT [0] Common-digit   set 11
U+0039 9 Common DIGIT NINE [0] Common-digit   set 12
U+0901 Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU [0], [101], [102], [103], [105], [108], [110], [111], [112], [113] Candrabindu follows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M set 13 Bodo, Hindi, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Marathi, Nepali, Santali, Sanskrit
U+0902 Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Anusvara follows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M set 14 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0903 Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN VISARGA [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Visarga follows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M   Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0905 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER A [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0905 U+0901 अँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER A + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [Vowel] + [Candrabindu] not: preceded-by-H set 15  
U+0905 U+0902 अं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER A + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA [0], [105], [108] [Vowel] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H set 16  
U+0906 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER AA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] V1, Vowel not: preceded-by-H set 17 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0906 U+0901 आँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [V1, Vowel] + [Candrabindu] not: preceded-by-H set 18  
U+0906 U+0902 आं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA [0], [105], [108] [V1, Vowel] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H set 19  
U+0906 U+093C आ़ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA   [V1, Vowel] + [Nukta] not: preceded-by-H set 17  
U+0906 U+093C U+0901 आ़ँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [V1, Vowel] + [Nukta] + [Candrabindu] not: preceded-by-H set 18  
U+0906 U+093C U+0902 आ़ं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA [0], [105], [108] [V1, Vowel] + [Nukta] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H set 19  
U+0907 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER I [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H set 20 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0908 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER II [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0909 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER U [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H set 21 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+090A Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER UU [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+090B Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER VOCALIC R [0], [101], [102], [103] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit
U+090D Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E [0], [101] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Hindi
U+090D U+0902 ऍं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA E + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [Vowel] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H set 22  
U+090E Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT E [0], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H set 23 Kashmiri
U+090F Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER E [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+090F U+0901 एँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER E + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [Vowel] + [Candrabindu] not: preceded-by-H set 22  
U+0910 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER AI [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H set 23 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0911 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O [0], [100], [101], [102], [108], [112] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Hindi, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Kashmiri
U+0911 U+0902 ऑं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA O + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [Vowel] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H set 18  
U+0912 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER SHORT O [0], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Kashmiri
U+0913 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER O [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] V1, Vowel not: preceded-by-H set 24 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0913 U+093C ओ़ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER O + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA   [V1, Vowel] + [Nukta] not: preceded-by-H set 24  
U+0914 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER AU [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Vowel not: preceded-by-H set 25 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0915 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER KA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0916 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER KHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0917 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER GA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant   set 26 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0918 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER GHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Consonant   set 27 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0919 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER NGA [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091A Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER CA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091B Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER CHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091C Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER JA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091D Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER JHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091E Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER NYA [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+091F Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   set 28 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0920 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER TTHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   set 29 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0921 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DDA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0922 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DDHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] C1, Consonant   set 30 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0923 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER NNA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0924 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER TA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0924 U+094D U+0924 त्त {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER TA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TA   [Consonant] + [Halant] + [Consonant]   set 31 Sequence has cross-script variant
U+0925 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER THA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0926 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0927 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0928 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER NA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092A Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER PA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   set 32 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+093F प्टि {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I   [Consonant] + [Halant] + [Consonant] + [Matra]   set 33 Sequence has cross-script variant
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0940 प्टी {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II   [Consonant] + [Halant] + [Consonant] + [Matra]   set 34 Sequence has cross-script variant
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0946 प्टॆ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E   [Consonant] + [Halant] + [Consonant] + [Matra]   set 35 Sequence has cross-script variant
U+092A U+094D U+091F U+0947 प्टे {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER PA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER TTA + DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E   [Consonant] + [Halant] + [Consonant] + [Matra]   set 35 Sequence has cross-script variant
U+092B Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER PHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] C1, Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092C Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER BA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092D Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER BHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   set 36 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092E Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER MA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   set 37 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+092F Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER YA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0930 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER RA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0931 U+094D U+092F ऱ्य {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER YA [0], [102], [106], [107], [112], [113] U+0931 + [Halant] + [Consonant]   set 1 Section 7, Case of Eyelash Reph: To enable Eyelash Reph formation with Rra+Halanta+Ya and prevent stand-alone RRA from occurring; Konkani, Marathi, Nepali
U+0931 U+094D U+0939 ऱ्ह {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER RRA + DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA + DEVANAGARI LETTER HA [0], [102], [106], [107], [112], [113] U+0931 + [Halant] + [Consonant]   set 2 Section 7, Case of Eyelash Reph: To enable Eyelash Reph formation with Rra+Halanta+Ha and prevent stand-alone RRA from occurring; Konkani, Marathi, Nepali
U+0932 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER LA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0933 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER LLA [0], [102], [103], [110], [112], [113] Consonant     Bodo, Konkani, Marathi, Nepali, Sanskrit
U+0935 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER VA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   set 38 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0936 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER SHA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0937 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER SSA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0938 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER SA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant     Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0939 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER HA [0], [101], [102], [103], [104], [105], [108], [113] Consonant   set 39 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+093A Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OE [11], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 14 Kashmiri
U+093B Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN OOE [11], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 40 Kashmiri
U+093C Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA [0], [101], [105], [108], [109], [110], [111] Nukta follows-either-C1-V1-or-M1 set 41 Bodo, Hindi, Kashmiri, Maithili, Santali, Sindhi
U+093E Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] M1, Matra follows-C-or-CN set 42 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+093E U+0901 ाँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [M1, Matra] + [Candrabindu] follows-C-or-CN set 43  
U+093E U+0902 ां {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [M1, Matra] + [Anusvara] follows-C-or-CN set 40  
U+093E U+093C ा़ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA   [M1, Matra] + [Nukta] follows-C-or-CN set 42  
U+093E U+093C U+0901 ा़ँ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN CANDRABINDU   [M1, Matra] + [Nukta] + [Candrabindu] follows-C-or-CN set 43  
U+093E U+093C U+0902 ा़ं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AA + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [M1, Matra] + [Nukta] + [Anusvara] follows-C-or-CN set 40  
U+093F ि Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN I [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 44 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0940 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN II [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 45 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0941 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN U [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN   Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0942 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UU [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN   Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0943 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R [0], [101], [102], [103] Matra follows-C-or-CN   Hindi, Marathi, Sanskrit
U+0945 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E [0], [100], [101], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 46 = candra; Hindi, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi, Sanskrit
U+0945 U+0902 ॅं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA E + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [Matra] + [Anusvara] follows-C-or-CN set 13  
U+0946 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT E [0], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 47 Kashmiri
U+0947 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN E [0], [101], [102], [103], [105], [108], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 47 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0948 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AI [0], [101], [102], [103], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 48 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+0949 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O [0], [100], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN   Hindi, Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi
U+0949 U+0902 ॉं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN CANDRA O + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [Matra] + [Anusvara] follows-C-or-CN set 43  
U+094A Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN SHORT O [0], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN   Kashmiri
U+094B Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O [0], [101], [102], [103], [105], [108], [113] M1, Matra follows-C-or-CN set 49 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+094B U+093C ो़ {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN O + DEVANAGARI SIGN NUKTA   [M1, Matra] + [Nukta] follows-C-or-CN set 49  
U+094C Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AU [0], [101], [102], [103], [105], [108], [113] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 50 Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+094D Devanagari DEVANAGARI SIGN VIRAMA [0], [101], [102], [103], [105], [108], [113] Halant follows-C-or-CN   = halant; suppresses inherent vowel: Most of the languages given in Section ‎3.2 of [Proposal-Devanagari].
U+094F Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN AW [11], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 50 Kashmiri
U+0956 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UE [11], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 51 Kashmiri
U+0957 Devanagari DEVANAGARI VOWEL SIGN UUE [11], [105], [108] Matra follows-C-or-CN set 52 Kashmiri
U+0966 Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT ZERO [0] Devanagari-digit   set 3  
U+0967 Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT ONE [0] Devanagari-digit   set 4  
U+0968 Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT TWO [0] Devanagari-digit   set 5  
U+0969 Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT THREE [0] Devanagari-digit   set 6  
U+096A Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT FOUR [0] Devanagari-digit   set 7  
U+096B Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT FIVE [0] Devanagari-digit   set 8  
U+096C Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT SIX [0] Devanagari-digit   set 9  
U+096D Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT SEVEN [0] Devanagari-digit   set 10  
U+096E Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT EIGHT [0] Devanagari-digit   set 11  
U+096F Devanagari DEVANAGARI DIGIT NINE [0] Devanagari-digit   set 12  
U+0972 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A [9], [100], [102], [108], [112] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Kashmiri, Konkani, Marathi
U+0972 U+0902 ॲं {Devanagari} DEVANAGARI LETTER CANDRA A + DEVANAGARI SIGN ANUSVARA   [Vowel] + [Anusvara] not: preceded-by-H set 15  
U+0973 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER OE [11], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H set 16 Kashmiri
U+0974 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER OOE [11], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H set 19 Kashmiri
U+0975 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER AW [11], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H set 25 Kashmiri
U+0976 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER UE [11], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Kashmiri
U+0977 Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER UUE [11], [105], [108] Vowel not: preceded-by-H   Kashmiri
U+097B Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER GGA [8], [104] Consonant     Sindhi
U+097C Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER JJA [8], [104] Consonant     Sindhi
U+097E Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER DDDA [8], [104] Consonant     Sindhi
U+097F ॿ Devanagari DEVANAGARI LETTER BBA [8], [104] Consonant     Sindi
U+09AE Bengali BENGALI LETTER MA [0]     set 37 Not part of repertoire
U+09BF ি Bengali BENGALI VOWEL SIGN I [0]     set 44 Not part of repertoire
U+0A02 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI SIGN BINDI [0]     set 14 Not part of repertoire
U+0A07 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER I [0]     set 33 Not part of repertoire
U+0A08 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER II [0]     set 34 Not part of repertoire
U+0A0F Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER EE [0]     set 35 Not part of repertoire
U+0A15 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER KA [0]     set 38 Not part of repertoire
U+0A17 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER GA [0]     set 26 Not part of repertoire
U+0A19 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER NGA [0]     set 20 Not part of repertoire
U+0A1C Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER JA [0]     set 31 Not part of repertoire
U+0A1F Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER TTA [0]     set 28 Not part of repertoire
U+0A20 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER TTHA [0]     set 29 Not part of repertoire
U+0A24 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER TA [0]     set 21 Cross-script homoglyph
U+0A27 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER DHA [0]     set 32 Not part of repertoire
U+0A2B Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER PHA [0]     set 30 Not part of repertoire
U+0A2C Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER BA [0]     set 27 Not part of repertoire
U+0A2E Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER MA [0]     set 36 Cross-script homoglyph
U+0A35 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER VA [0]     set 39 Not part of repertoire
U+0A38 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI LETTER SA [0]     set 37 Cross-script homoglyph
U+0A3C Gurmukhi GURMUKHI SIGN NUKTA [0]     set 41 Not part of repertoire
U+0A3F ਿ Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN I [0]     set 44 Not part of repertoire
U+0A40 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN II [0]     set 45 Not part of repertoire
U+0A41 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN U [0]     set 51 Cross-script homoglyph
U+0A42 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN UU [0]     set 52 Not part of repertoire
U+0A47 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN EE [0]     set 47 Not part of repertoire
U+0A48 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN AI [0]     set 48 Not part of repertoire
U+0A4B Gurmukhi GURMUKHI VOWEL SIGN OO [0]     set 47 Not part of repertoire
U+0A71 Gurmukhi GURMUKHI ADDAK [0]     set 46 Not part of repertoire

Legend

Throughout this LGR, a code point sequence may be annotated with a string in ALL CAPS that is constructed on the same principle as a name for a Unicode Named Sequence. No claim is made that a sequence thus annotated is in fact a named sequence, nor that the annotation in such case actually corresponds to the formal name of a named sequence.

Code Point
A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph
The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common. Sequences are annotated with a set of all distinct script values.
Name
Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database. Named sequences are listed with their normative names, for ad-hoc sequences the individual names are shown separated by “+”.
Ref
Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view. For sequences, the tags for all member code points are shown in [] for information; sequences as such do not have tags.
Required Context
Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment
The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.
✔ - core repertoire
A check mark in the Part-of-repertoire column indicates a code point is part of the core repertoire.
✗ - out-of-repertoire
A code point shown with is not part of the repertoire. It is listed only because it is the target of an out-of-repertoire-var variant mapping.

3 Variant Sets

Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets 52
Largest variant set 4
Ordinary Variants by Type
blocked 146
Reflexive Variants by Type
out-of-repertoire-var 28

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and variant sets for each context are disjoint, but code points that have variants with multiple contexts are members of more than one set.

Common Legend

Source
By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
- forward
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
- reverse
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
- both
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
- reflexive
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
Type
The type of the variant mapping. There are some predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”, while others are defined specifically for each LGR. A reflexive variant type “out-of-repertoire-var” designates the target as not part of the repertoire; it is required as target for one or more variant mappings that cross repertoire boundaries.
Required Context
Link to the rule defining a required context the source must satisfy for the variant mapping to be defined. If prefixed by “not:”, identifies a context that must not occur.
Ref
One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
002D 092F -य 0931 094D 092F ऱ्य blocked not: hyphen-minus-sequence-disallowed [114] Eyelash Reph - hyphen confusion

Variant Set 2 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
002D 0939 -ह 0931 094D 0939 ऱ्ह blocked not: hyphen-minus-sequence-disallowed [114] Eyelash Reph - hyphen confusion

Variant Set 3 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0030 0 0966 blocked   ASCII digit variant / Devanagari digit variant

Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0031 1 0967 blocked   ASCII digit variant / Devanagari digit variant

Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0032 2 0968 blocked   ASCII digit variant / Devanagari digit variant

Variant Set 6 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0033 3 0969 blocked   ASCII digit variant / Devanagari digit variant

Variant Set 7 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0034 4 096A blocked   ASCII digit variant / Devanagari digit variant

Variant Set 8 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0035 5 096B blocked   ASCII digit variant / Devanagari digit variant

Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0036 6 096C blocked   ASCII digit variant / Devanagari digit variant

Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0037 7 096D blocked   ASCII digit variant / Devanagari digit variant

Variant Set 11 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0038 8 096E blocked   ASCII digit variant / Devanagari digit variant

Variant Set 12 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0039 9 096F blocked   ASCII digit variant / Devanagari digit variant

Variant Set 13 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
0901 0945 0902 ॅं blocked follows-C-or-CN   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 14 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0902 093A blocked   Devanagari variant
0902 0A02 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
093A 0A02 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A02 0A02 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 15 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0905 0901 अँ 0972 0902 ॲं blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0905 0902 अं 0973 blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 17 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
0906 0906 093C आ़ blocked not: followed-by-N   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 18 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0906 0901 आँ 0906 093C 0901 आ़ँ blocked   Devanagari variant
0906 0901 आँ 0911 0902 ऑं blocked   Devanagari variant
0906 093C 0901 आ़ँ 0911 0902 ऑं blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 19 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
0906 0902 आं 0906 093C 0902 आ़ं blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant
0906 0902 आं 0974 blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant
0906 093C 0902 आ़ं 0974 blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 20 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0907 0A19 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A19 0A19 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 21 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0909 0A24 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A24 0A24 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 22 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
090D 0902 ऍं 090F 0901 एँ blocked    

Variant Set 23 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
090E 0910 blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 24 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
0913 0913 093C ओ़ blocked not: followed-by-N   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 25 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0914 0975 blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 26 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0917 0A17 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A17 0A17 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 27 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0918 0A2C blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A2C 0A2C out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 28 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
091F 0A1F blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A1F 0A1F out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 29 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0920 0A20 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A20 0A20 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 30 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0922 0A2B blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A2B 0A2B out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 31 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0924 094D 0924 त्त 0A1C blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A1C 0A1C out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 32 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 0A27 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A27 0A27 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 33 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 094D 091F 093F प्टि 0A07 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A07 0A07 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 34 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 094D 091F 0940 प्टी 0A08 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A08 0A08 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 35 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092A 094D 091F 0946 प्टॆ 092A 094D 091F 0947 प्टे blocked   Devanagari variant
092A 094D 091F 0946 प्टॆ 0A0F blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
092A 094D 091F 0947 प्टे 0A0F blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A0F 0A0F out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 36 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092D 0A2E blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A2E 0A2E out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 37 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
092E 09AE blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
092E 0A38 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
09AE 09AE out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
09AE 0A38 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A38 0A38 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 38 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0935 0A15 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A15 0A15 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 39 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0939 0A35 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A35 0A35 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 40 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
093B 093E 0902 ां blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant
093B 093E 093C 0902 ा़ं blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant
093E 0902 ां 093E 093C 0902 ा़ं blocked followed-by-V-C-or-end   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 41 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
093C 0A3C blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A3C 0A3C out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 42 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
093E 093E 093C ा़ blocked not: followed-by-N   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 43 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
093E 0901 ाँ 093E 093C 0901 ा़ँ blocked    
093E 0901 ाँ 0949 0902 ॉं blocked    
093E 093C 0901 ा़ँ 0949 0902 ॉं blocked    

Variant Set 44 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
093F ि 09BF ি blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
093F ि 0A3F ਿ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
09BF ি 09BF ি out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
09BF ি 0A3F ਿ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A3F ਿ 0A3F ਿ out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 45 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0940 0A40 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A40 0A40 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 46 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0945 0A71 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A71 0A71 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 47 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0946 0947 blocked   Devanagari variant
0946 0A47 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0946 0A4B blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0947 0A47 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0947 0A4B blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A47 0A47 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0A47 0A4B blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A4B 0A4B out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 48 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0948 0A48 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A48 0A48 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 49 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Required Context Ref Comment
094B 094B 093C ो़ blocked not: followed-by-N   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 50 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
094C 094F blocked   Devanagari variant

Variant Set 51 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0956 0A41 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A41 0A41 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

Variant Set 52 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0957 0A42 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph
0A42 0A42 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire

4 Classes, Rules and Actions

4.1 Character Classes

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges Ref Comment
C Tag=Consonant 38 {0915-0928 092A-0930 0932-0933 0935-0939 097B-097C 097E-097F}   Any Devanagari consonant
C1 Tag=C1 9 {0915-0917 091A-091C 0921-0922 092B}   Consonants followed by Devanagari Nukta
V Tag=Vowel 21 {0905-090B 090D-0914 0972-0977}   Any Devanagari independent vowel
V1 Tag=V1 2 {0906 0913}   Vowels followed by Devanagari Nukta (Required for Santali language)
M Tag=Matra 19 {093A-093B 093E-0943 0945-094C 094F 0956-0957}   Any Devanagari vowel sign (matra)
M1 Tag=M1 2 {093E 094B}   Matras followed by Devanagari Nukta (Required for Santali language)
H Tag=Halant 1 {094D}   The Devanagari Halant (VIRAMA)
N Tag=Nukta 1 {093C}   The Devanagari Nukta
common-digits Tag=Common-digit 10 {0030-0039}   Digits from the ASCII range; ⍟
devanagari-digits Tag=Devanagari-digit 10 {0966-096F}   Devanagari digits
hyphen Tag=Hyphen 1 {002D}   The Hyphen-minus character ⍟
implicit Tag=Anusvara 1 {0902}   The character tagged as Anusvara
implicit Tag=Candrabindu 1 {0901}   The character tagged as Candrabindu
implicit Tag=Visarga 1 {0903}   The character tagged as Visarga
implicit Tag=sc:Beng 2 {09AE 09BF}   Any character tagged as Bengali
implicit Tag=sc:Deva 93 {0901-0903 0905-090B 090D-0928 092A-0930 0932-0933 0935-093C 093E-0943 0945-094D 094F 0956-0957 0966-096F 0972-0977 097B-097C 097E-097F}   Any character tagged as Devanagari
implicit Tag=sc:Guru 26 {0A02 0A07-0A08 0A0F 0A15 0A17 0A19 0A1C 0A1F-0A20 0A24 0A27 0A2B-0A2C 0A2E 0A35 0A38 0A3C 0A3F-0A42 0A47-0A48 0A4B 0A71}   Any character tagged as Gurmukhi
implicit Tag=sc:Zyyy 11 {002D 0030-0039}   Any character tagged as Common

Legend

Members or Ranges
Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt
A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit
An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value for which there is no named equivalent.

4.2 Whole label evaluation and context rules

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name Regular Expression Used as
Trigger
Anchor Used as
Context
Ref Comment
leading-combining-mark (start)[[\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [\p{gc=Mc}]]     [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
hyphen-minus-sequence-disallowed (((start))← ⚓)|(((start)..[:hyphen:])← ⚓)   C, V   variant context rule for sequences starting with hyphen
hyphen-minus-disallowed (((start))← ⚓)|(⚓ →((end)))|(((start)..[:hyphen:])← ⚓)   C [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D (-) ⍟
follows-either-C1-V1-or-M1 ([:C1:]|[:M1:]|[:V1:])← ⚓   C   Section 7, WLE 1: Rule for Nukta which restricts its preceding characters
follows-C-or-CN ([:C:]|([:C:][:N:]))← ⚓   C, V   Section 7, WLE 2, 3: Halant or matra characters can only be preceded by consonant or a Nukta which is preceded by a consonant
follows-V-or-C-or-N-or-M ([:V:]|[:C:]|[:N:]|[:M:])← ⚓   C   Section 7, WLE 4, 5, 6: Anusvara, Candrabindu or Visarga characters can only be preceded by either vowel or consonant or Nukta or matra
preceded-by-H ([:H:])← ⚓   C   Section 7, WLE 7: A vowel is not allowed to follow an H
followed-by-N ⚓ →([:N:])   V   Section 6.4.1, Variant Context Rule for Nukta: Variant not to be generated when followed by Nukta.
followed-by-V-C-or-end ⚓ →([:V:]|[:C:]|\u0931|(end))   V   Section 6.1.2, Variant to be generateed when followed by V or C (including RRA) or end of label
digit-mixing ([:common-digits:].*[:devanagari-digits:])|([:devanagari-digits:].*[:common-digits:])       restrictions on mixing digits

Legend

Used as Trigger
This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓ - context anchor
Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(...)← - look-behind
If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
→(..) - look-ahead
If present encloses required context following the anchor.
(... | ...) - choice
When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
start or end
(start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
. - any code point
. matches any code point.
*, +, ?, {n,m} - count operators
* indicates 0 or more, + indicates one or more, and ? indicates up to one instance. {n,m} indicates at least n and at most m instances.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property character set
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators ( = union, = intersection, = difference, = symmetric difference).
⍟ - default rule
Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

4.3 Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label matches leading-combining-mark invalid [150] labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
2 if label matches digit-mixing invalid   a label violating the restriction on digit mixing is invalid
3 if at least one variant is in {out-of-repertoire-var} invalid   any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
4 if at least one variant is in {blocked} blocked   any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
5 if each variant is in {allocatable} allocatable   variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟
6 if any label (catch-all)   valid   catch all (default action) ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set
In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

5 Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the "References" section in the Description.

[0] The Unicode Standard 1.1
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 1.1
[8] The Unicode Standard 5.0
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 5.0
[9] The Unicode Standard 5.1
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 5.1
[11] The Unicode Standard 6.0
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 6.0
[100] Devanāgarī VIP Team, "Variant Issues Report", ICANN 3 Oct. 2011,
https://archive.icann.org/en/topics/new-gtlds/devanagari-vip-issues-report-03oct11-en.pdf
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[101] Omniglot, "Hindi",
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/hindi.htm
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[102] Omniglot, "Marathi",
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/marathi.htm
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[103] Omniglot, "Sanskrit",
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sanskrit.htm
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[104] Omniglot, "Sindhi",
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/sindhi.htm
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[105] Omniglot, "Kashmiri",
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/kashmiri.htm
(Accessed on 10 Oct. 2017)
[106] Unicode 10.0.0, "South and Central Asia-I - Official Scripts of India", Page 456 (R5 and R5a),
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode10.0.0/ch12.pdf
(Accessed on 13 Nov. 2017)
[107] Unicode Indic Group, "Comments on PRI 65: Devanagari Eyelash Ra", L2/05-147,
https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2005/05147-muller-pri65.pdf
(Accessed on 13 Jun. 2019)
[108] M.K. Raina, "How to read and write Kashmiri in Devanagari?",
http://www.koshur.org/pdf/Let%20Us%20Learn%20Kashmiri.pdf
(Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017)
[109] Central Hindi Directorate-Ministry of HRD-Govt. of India, "Devanāgarī Alphabet and its Romanization",
http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/english/hindi_orgin/devnagarithesysmbols.html
(Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017
[110] Omniglot, "Bodo",
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/bodo.htm
(Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017)
[111] Omniglot, "Maithili",
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/maithili.htm
(Accessed on 12 Dec. 2017)
[112] Omniglot, "Konkani",
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/konkani.htm
(Accessed on 20 May 2018)
[113] Omniglot, "Nepali",
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/nepali.htm
(Accessed on 20 May 2018)
[114] Generation Panel experts, private communication during review
[150] RFC 5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891