Reference LGR for script: Arabic (Arab) lgr-second-level-arabic-script-22apr21-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2021-04-22
LGR Version 1 (Second Level Reference LGR)
Language und-Arab (Arabic Script)
Unicode Version 6.3.0

Table of Contents

1 Description

Reference Label Generation Rules for the Arabic Script

Overview

This document specifies a reference set of Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Arabic script for the second level. The starting point for the development of this LGR can be found in the related Root Zone LGR [RZ-LGR-4-Arab]. For details and additional background on the script, see TF-AIDN, "Proposal for Arabic Script Root Zone LGR", Version 3.4, 18 November 2015 [Proposal-Arabic]. Additional work was done by a TF-AIDN group to create extensions appropriate to the second level and these are incorporated in this LGR. (See "Methodology" below). The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

The document contains certain provisions for customization. (See "Customizing actions for International Reachability" below.)

Repertoire

The repertoire includes the 128 code points for letters used by languages that are actively written in the Arabic script as described in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Arabic]. For the second level, the repertoire has been augmented with the HYPHEN-MINUS, and three sets of decimal digits:

for a total of 159 repertoire elements.

The repertoire excludes code points for which TF-AIDN was unable to find sufficient evidence of use (see Appendix F in [Proposal-Arabic]). The repertoire is described in Section 3.2 of [Proposal-Arabic] and a subset of [Unicode 6.3].

This LGR does not include combining marks or code point sequences. All combining marks have been excluded for these reasons:

For further details, see Section 3.2, "Code point repertoire included" in [Proposal-Arabic]. (The proposal cited has been adopted for the Arabic script portion of the Root Zone LGR.)

Each code point or range is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below. Comments identify the languages using the code point.

Correlation Between Repertoire and Bidi Rules

Because this LGR contains only a subset of PVALID code points, the Bidi rules expressed in section 2 of RFC 5893 [160] (Bidi Rule) can be simplified to two constraints:

Variants

This reference LGR is designed for use in zones shared by more than one script. Where appropriate, cross-script variants have been defined to mutually exclude labels from different scripts that could otherwise be substituted by the users. Once a label has been delegated for one script, any variant labels from other scripts consisting of cross-script variants would be blocked. Any label containing at least one code point that is not a cross-script variant would be considered distinct. Because of that, even large numbers of defined cross-script variants generally do not lead to a high percentage of labels experiencing a collision.

Digit Variants: The two sets of Arabic-specific digits are treated as semantic variants of each other and of the corresponding common (ASCII) digits. By transitivity, they are also semantic variants of any native digits in scripts that also include the common digits. Because of the restriction on leading digits, most labels would contain a unique code point in addition to any digits, thus no variant labels would actually result from any pro-forma cross-script variants. To keep digit variant sets manageable in zones where multiple scripts are present, no attempt has been made at identifying cross-script variants among digits of different numeric value or between a digit in one script and a letter in another, such as between digit zero and Latin letter 'o'.

Variant Disposition: This LGR includes "blocked" and "allocatable" variants, assigned according to Section 4, "Final recommendation of variants for Top Level Domains (TLDs)" in [Proposal-Arabic]. These recommendations balance the desire to minimize the number of possible allocatable variants with the need to keep the definition of variants simple. See also the comments given in the listing.

For the second level, three additional variant types are added: "optionally-allocatable", "activated", and "optionally-activated". They are used to improve user acceptance. The rationale for these new types is provided below.

Methodology for Defining Variants

In generating the variant tables, a number of concepts have been used:

The specification of variants in this reference LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

This proposal defines the following named character classes:

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Common Rules

Right-To-Left Rules

Default Actions

Actions include the default actions for LGRs as well as that needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks. They are marked with ⍟. For a description see [RFC 7940].

Arabic-specific Rules

The following rules aim at reducing the allocation of redundant labels.

In addition, this LGR includes WLE rules and actions specific to the Arabic script found in Section 5, "Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) rules" in [Proposal-Arabic]. As specified, the rules and actions serve to prevent the mixing of two variants of the same code point within the same label. This reduces overproduction of variant labels. The rules are listed here with the numbers given in Table 17 in [Proposal-Arabic]. See also the comments given for each rule or action. Note that that WLE Rules 1, 2, 3, and 8 part of that Table 17 are omitted here because they are superseded by the rule restricting languages mixing described above.

Arabic Script-specific Actions

The three non-default variant mapping types used in this reference LGR trigger actions that result in variant label dispositions as follows:

Variant mappings of type "activated" lead to a disposition of "activated", which implies means the variant label should be allocated. This variant type is used here for the variant mappings between the three sets of digits. Activated variants are handled by the first action above, and are not affected by the optional customizations described below.

Customizing Actions for International Reachability

As described above, this LGR is designed so that full "international reachability" is optionally available. It can easily be enabled with a small customization.

The disposition for the second of the actions listed above is by default set to "allocatable" which makes the variant available to registrants that would like to support international reachability. Some registry operators may desire to make support for such variants mandatory, in which case the disposition (disp="allocatable" in the XML) for the relevant action could be changed from "allocatable" to "activated" without further changes to the LGR.

The disposition for the last of the actions listed above is by default set to "blocked" which reserves the variants of type "optionally-allocatable". Some registry operators may desire to support such variants as allocatable, in which case the disposition (disp="blocked" in the XML) for the relevant action could be changed from "blocked" to "allocatable" without further changes to the LGR.

Most of the code points involved in labels resulting in "activated" or "allocatable" actions are subject to "no-mix" rules to decrease the number of activated or allocatable variants. This is especially a concern for the "activated" action which results in forced delegation.

If optional variant labels are all made allocatable, a significantly large number of allocatable variant labels can potentially be created. Keeping the allocatable variant labels manageable is advised by SSAC in their [SAC060] report. One way to contain such variant labels, as suggested by the Arabic script community, is to allow only the variant labels which are usable and still block those which may be redundant, e.g. cannot be typed from a single keyboard supporting a given language. For this purpose, the no languages mixing rule is part of this LGR.

Furthermore, applying this customization for variant sets involving code points which do not have "no-mix" should be done with caution. This is especially true for the variant set including the ALEF characters, for which an external policy should be established to ensure that only a strictly limited number of variant labels are allocated. It may not be possible to create a general policy that determine which of the variants from among a potential large variant pool are indeed suitable; therefore, the selection may have to be left as a choice to the registrant, but within a strict cap.

Methodology and Contributors

This reference LGR for Arabic script for the 2nd Level has been edited by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, based on extensive community input. This LGR is based on the Root Zone LGR for Arabic and relies on information contained or referenced therein, see [RZ-LGR-4-Arab]. Suitable extensions for the second level have been applied according to the [Guidelines]. The original proposal for an Arabic Script Root Zone LGR [Proposal-Arabic] that this LGR is based on, was developed by the Task Force for Arabic Script IDNs [TF-AIDN]. The specific features related to the International Reachability aspect were drafted by a TF-AIDN sub-group (namely in alphabetical order: Abdalmonem Tharwat Galila, Abdeslam Nasri, Abdulaziz Al-Zoman, Abdulrahman Alghadir, Hazem Hezzah, Nabil Benamar, Raed Alfayez, Tarik Merghani). In addition, Sarmad Hussain provided editorial support.

For more information on methodology and contributors to the underlying Root Zone LGR, see [Proposal-Arabic], as well as [RZ-LGR-Overview].

References

The following general references are cited in this document:

[Guidelines]
ICANN, "Guidelines for Developing Reference LGRs for the Second Level, (Los Angeles, California: ICANN, 27 May 2020),
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/lgr-guidelines-second-level-06jan16-en.pdf
[IAB]
Internet Architecture Board (IAB), "IAB Statement on Identifiers and Unicode 7.0.0"
https://www.iab.org/documents/correspondence-reports-documents/2015-2/iab-statement-on-identifiers-and-unicode-7-0-0/
[MSR-4]
Integration Panel, "Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-4 Overview and Rationale", 7 February 2019,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-4-overview-25jan19-en.pdf
[Proposal-Arabic]
TF-AIDN, "Proposal for Arabic Script Root Zone LGR", Version 3.4, 18 November 2015
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/arabic-lgr-proposal-18nov15-en.pdf
[RFC 6365]
Hoffman, P. and J. Klensin, "Terminology Used in Internationalization in the IETF", BCP 166, RFC 6365, DOI 10.17487/RFC6365, September 2011,
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc6365
[RFC 7940]
Davies, K. and A. Freytag, "Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML", RFC 7940, August 2016,
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940
[RFC 8228]
A. Freytag, "Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels", RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[RZ-LGR-Overview]
Integration Panel, "Root Zone Label Generation Rules - LGR-4: Overview and Summary", 5 November 2020 (PDF),
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-4-overview-05nov20-en.pdf
[RZ-LGR-4-Arab]
ICANN, Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Arabic Script (und-Arab) , 5 November 2020 (XML)
https://www.icann.org/sites/default/files/lgr/lgr-4-arabic-script-05nov20-en.xml
[Unicode 6.3]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/
[SAC060]
ICANN Security and Stability Advisory Committee (SSAC), "SSAC Comment on Examining the User Experience Implications of Active Variant TLDs Report", 23 July 2013,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/sac-060-en.pdf
[TF-AIDN]
Blog, "Task Force for Arabic Script IDNs"
https://community.icann.org/display/MES/Task+Force+on+Arabic+Script+IDNs
workspace:
https://community.icann.org/display/MES/TF-AIDN+Work+Space

For references consulted particularly in designing the repertoire for the Arabic script for the second level. please see details in the Table of References below. References [0] to [12] refer to the Unicode Standard versions in which the corresponding code points were initially encoded. References [100] and above correspond to sources justifying the inclusion of the corresponding code points. Entries in the table may have multiple source reference values. References [150] and [160] indicate the source for common rules.

2 Repertoire

Repertoire Summary

Number of elements in repertoire 159
Number of code points
for each script
Arabic 148
Common 11
Longest code point sequence 1

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code
Point
Glyph Script Name Ref Tags Required Context Variants Comment
U+002D - Common HYPHEN-MINUS [0] Hyphen not: hyphen-minus-disallowed  
U+0030 0 Common DIGIT ZERO [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 1
U+0031 1 Common DIGIT ONE [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 2
U+0032 2 Common DIGIT TWO [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 3
U+0033 3 Common DIGIT THREE [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 4
U+0034 4 Common DIGIT FOUR [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 5
U+0035 5 Common DIGIT FIVE [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 6
U+0036 6 Common DIGIT SIX [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 7
U+0037 7 Common DIGIT SEVEN [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 8
U+0038 8 Common DIGIT EIGHT [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 9
U+0039 9 Common DIGIT NINE [0] Common-digit not: leading-digit set 10
U+0620 ؠ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KASHMIRI YEH [11], [115]       Kashmiri
U+0621 ء Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAMZA [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0622 آ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE [0], [100]     set 11 Arabic
U+0623 أ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [100]     set 11 Arabic
U+0624 ؤ Arabic ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [100]     set 12 Arabic
U+0625 إ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW [0], [100]     set 11 Arabic
U+0626 ئ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [100]     set 13 Arabic
U+0627 ا Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF [0], [100]     set 11 Arabic
U+0628 ب Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0629 ة Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA [0], [100]     set 14 Arabic
U+062A ت Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH [0], [100]     set 15 Arabic
U+062B ث Arabic ARABIC LETTER THEH [0], [100]     set 16 Arabic
U+062C ج Arabic ARABIC LETTER JEEM [0], [100]       Arabic
U+062D ح Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+062E خ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KHAH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+062F د Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0630 ذ Arabic ARABIC LETTER THAL [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0631 ر Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0632 ز Arabic ARABIC LETTER ZAIN [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0633 س Arabic ARABIC LETTER SEEN [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0634 ش Arabic ARABIC LETTER SHEEN [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0635 ص Arabic ARABIC LETTER SAD [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0636 ض Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAD [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0637 ط Arabic ARABIC LETTER TAH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0638 ظ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ZAH [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0639 ع Arabic ARABIC LETTER AIN [0], [100]       Arabic
U+063A غ Arabic ARABIC LETTER GHAIN [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0641 ف Arabic ARABIC LETTER FEH [0], [100]     set 17 Arabic
U+0642 ق Arabic ARABIC LETTER QAF [0], [100]     set 17 Arabic
U+0643 ك Arabic ARABIC LETTER KAF [0], [100]     set 18 Arabic
U+0644 ل Arabic ARABIC LETTER LAM [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0645 م Arabic ARABIC LETTER MEEM [0], [100]       Arabic
U+0646 ن Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON [0], [100]     set 19 Arabic
U+0647 ه Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH [0], [100]     set 14 Arabic
U+0648 و Arabic ARABIC LETTER WAW [0], [100]     set 12 Arabic
U+0649 ى Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF MAKSURA [0], [100]   not: initial-or-medial-position set 13 Arabic
U+064A ي Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH [0], [100]     set 13 Arabic
U+0660 ٠ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 1
U+0661 ١ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 2
U+0662 ٢ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 3
U+0663 ٣ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 4
U+0664 ٤ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 5
U+0665 ٥ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 6
U+0666 ٦ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 7
U+0667 ٧ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 8
U+0668 ٨ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 9
U+0669 ٩ Arabic ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE [0], [100], [201], [401], [600], [700] Arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 10
U+0672 ٲ Arabic ARABIC LETTER ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE [0], [102]     set 11 Kashmiri
U+0679 ٹ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TTEH [0], [112]     set 20 Urdu
U+067A ٺ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TTEHEH [0], [111]     set 15 Sindhi
U+067B ٻ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEEH [0], [111]     set 13 Sindhi
U+067C ټ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH RING [0], [108]       Pashto
U+067D ٽ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS [0], [111]     set 16 Sindhi
U+067E پ Arabic ARABIC LETTER PEH [0], [109]     set 21 Persian
U+067F ٿ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEHEH [0], [111]       Sindhi
U+0680 ڀ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEHEH [0], [111]       Sindhi
U+0681 ځ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [108], [138]       Pashto
U+0683 ڃ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NYEH [0], [111]     set 22 Sindhi
U+0684 ڄ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DYEH [0], [111]     set 22 Sindhi
U+0685 څ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [0], [108], [138]       Pashto
U+0686 چ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TCHEH [0], [109]       Persian
U+0687 ڇ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TCHEHEH [0], [111]       Sindhi
U+0688 ڈ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DDAL [0], [112]       Urdu
U+0689 ډ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH RING [0], [108], [138]       Pashto
U+068A ڊ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW [0], [111]       Sindhi
U+068B ڋ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH DOT BELOW AND SMALL TAH [0], [110]       Saraiki
U+068C ڌ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAHAL [0], [111]       Sindhi
U+068D ڍ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DDAHAL [0], [111]       Sindhi
U+068E ڎ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DUL [0], [137]     set 23 Malay
U+068F ڏ Arabic ARABIC LETTER DAL WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE DOWNWARDS [0], [111]     set 23 Sindhi
U+0691 ڑ Arabic ARABIC LETTER RREH [0], [112]       Urdu
U+0693 ړ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH RING [0], [108], [138]       Pashto
U+0695 ڕ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL V BELOW [0], [106], [140]       Kurdish
U+0696 ږ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE [0], [108], [138]       Pashto
U+0697 ڗ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE [0], [119], [146]       ANT
U+0698 ژ Arabic ARABIC LETTER JEH [0], [112]       Urdu
U+0699 ڙ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH FOUR DOTS ABOVE [0], [111], [143]       Sindhi, Torwali
U+069A ښ Arabic ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH DOT BELOW AND DOT ABOVE [0], [108], [138]       Pashto
U+069F ڟ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [0], [121], [123], [130]       Hausa, Ajami
U+06A0 ڠ Arabic ARABIC LETTER AIN WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [0], [107], [129], [144]       Malay
U+06A2 ڢ Arabic ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW [0], [101], [130], [131], [132]     set 17 Ajami, Fulfulde, Hausa
U+06A4 ڤ Arabic ARABIC LETTER VEH [0], [106], [107], [127], [140]     set 24 Malay, Kurdish
U+06A6 ڦ Arabic ARABIC LETTER PEHEH [0], [111]       Sindhi
U+06A7 ڧ Arabic ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT ABOVE [0], [101], [130], [131], [132]     set 17 Ajami, Fulfulde, Hausa
U+06A8 ڨ Arabic ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [0], [124]     set 24 Western Arabic
U+06A9 ک Arabic ARABIC LETTER KEHEH [0], [112]     set 18 Urdu
U+06AA ڪ Arabic ARABIC LETTER SWASH KAF [0], [111]     set 18 Sindhi
U+06AB ګ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH RING [0], [108], [138]     set 25 Pashto
U+06AD ڭ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NG [0], [105], [114], [133], [134]     set 25 Kirghiz, Uyghur
U+06AE ڮ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KAF WITH THREE DOTS BELOW [0], [116]       ANT
U+06AF گ Arabic ARABIC LETTER GAF [0], [109]     set 25 Persian
U+06B0 ڰ Arabic ARABIC LETTER GAF WITH RING [0], [110]       Saraiki
U+06B1 ڱ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NGOEH [0], [111]       Sindhi
U+06B3 ڳ Arabic ARABIC LETTER GUEH [0], [111]       Sindhi
U+06B5 ڵ Arabic ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH SMALL V [0], [106], [140]       Kurdish
U+06BA ں Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON GHUNNA [0], [112]     set 19 Urdu
U+06BB ڻ Arabic ARABIC LETTER RNOON [0], [111]     set 20 Sindhi
U+06BC ڼ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH RING [0], [108], [138]       Pashto
U+06BD ڽ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [0], [107]     set 21 Malay
U+06BE ھ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE [0], [112]     set 14 Urdu
U+06C0 ۀ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH WITH YEH ABOVE [0], [116], [140]     set 14 ANT, Kurdish
U+06C1 ہ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL [0], [112]     set 14 Urdu
U+06C2 ۂ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE [0], [125], [135], [141]     set 14 Urdu
U+06C3 ۃ Arabic ARABIC LETTER TEH MARBUTA GOAL [0], [126]     set 14 Urdu
U+06C4 ۄ Arabic ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH RING [0], [102]       Kashmiri
U+06C6 ۆ Arabic ARABIC LETTER OE [0], [102], [140], [142]       Kashmiri, Kurdish, Uyghur
U+06CB ۋ Arabic ARABIC LETTER VE [0], [103], [114], [136]       Kazakh, Kirghiz, Uyghur
U+06CC ی Arabic ARABIC LETTER FARSI YEH [0], [112]     set 13 Urdu
U+06CD ۍ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TAIL [0], [108], [138]     set 13 Pashto
U+06CE ێ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH SMALL V [0], [127], [140]       Kurdish
U+06CF ۏ Arabic ARABIC LETTER WAW WITH DOT ABOVE [3], [107]       Malay
U+06D0 ې Arabic ARABIC LETTER E [0], [108], [138]     set 13 Pashto
U+06D1 ۑ Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW [0], [122]     set 21 Bamana, Mandika
U+06D2 ے Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH BARREE [0], [112]     set 13 Urdu
U+06D5 ە Arabic ARABIC LETTER AE [0], [106], [114], [140]     set 14 Kurdish, Uyghur
U+06F0 ۰ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ZERO [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 1  
U+06F1 ۱ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT ONE [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 2  
U+06F2 ۲ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT TWO [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 3  
U+06F3 ۳ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT THREE [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 4  
U+06F4 ۴ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FOUR [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 5  
U+06F5 ۵ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT FIVE [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 6  
U+06F6 ۶ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SIX [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 7  
U+06F7 ۷ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT SEVEN [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 8  
U+06F8 ۸ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT EIGHT [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 9  
U+06F9 ۹ Arabic EXTENDED ARABIC-INDIC DIGIT NINE [0], [109] Extended-arabic-indic-digit not: leading-digit set 10  
U+0751 ݑ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE [7], [121], [128], [130], [147]       Hausa, Wolof
U+0752 ݒ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH THREE DOTS POINTING UPWARDS BELOW [7], [113], [130]     set 21 Ajami, Wolof
U+0756 ݖ Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V [7], [113], [120], [130]       Ajami, Wolof
U+0760 ݠ Arabic ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW [7], [121], [130]       Ajami, Hausa
U+0762 ݢ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH DOT ABOVE [7], [118], [129]       Malay
U+0763 ݣ Arabic ARABIC LETTER KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [7], [118]     set 25 Moroccan
U+0766 ݦ Arabic ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH DOT BELOW [7], [116], [121]       ANT
U+0767 ݧ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH TWO DOTS BELOW [7], [113], [120]     set 26 Wolof
U+0768 ݨ Arabic ARABIC LETTER NOON WITH SMALL TAH [7], [145]       Saraiki
U+076A ݪ Arabic ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH BAR [7], [113], [116], [120]       ANT, Wolof
U+076E ݮ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH BELOW [9], [104]       Khowar
U+076F ݯ Arabic ARABIC LETTER HAH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS [9], [104]       Khowar
U+0770 ݰ Arabic ARABIC LETTER SEEN WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS [9], [104]       Khowar
U+0771 ݱ Arabic ARABIC LETTER REH WITH SMALL ARABIC LETTER TAH AND TWO DOTS [9], [104]       Khowar
U+08A0 Arabic ARABIC LETTER BEH WITH SMALL V BELOW [12], [117]       DPLN
U+08A2 Arabic ARABIC LETTER JEEM WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE [12], [117]       DPLN
U+08A3 Arabic ARABIC LETTER TAH WITH TWO DOTS ABOVE [12], [113], [117]       DPLN, Wolof
U+08A4 Arabic ARABIC LETTER FEH WITH DOT BELOW AND THREE DOTS ABOVE [12], [116]       ANT
U+08A5 Arabic ARABIC LETTER QAF WITH DOT BELOW [12], [116]       ANT
U+08A6 Arabic ARABIC LETTER LAM WITH DOUBLE BAR [12], [116]       ANT
U+08A7 Arabic ARABIC LETTER MEEM WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE [12], [116]       ANT
U+08A8 Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND HAMZA ABOVE [12], [121]       Hausa
U+08A9 Arabic ARABIC LETTER YEH WITH TWO DOTS BELOW AND DOT ABOVE [12], [121]     set 26 Hausa

Legend

Code Point
A code point or code point sequence.
Glyph
The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common.
Name
Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database.
Ref
Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view.
Required Context
Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by “not:” identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment
The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with “=” denote an alias. If present, the symbol ⍟ marks a default item shared among a set of LGRs.

3 Variant Sets

Variant Set Summary

Number of variant sets 26
Largest variant set 8
Variants by Type
activated 60
allocatable 22
blocked 155
optionally-activated 6
optionally-allocatable 9

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column; otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references, are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and all variant sets are disjoint.

Common Legend

Source
By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
- forward
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
- reverse
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
- both
Indicates that Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
Type
The type of the variant mapping. There are some predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”, while others are defined specifically for each LGR.
Ref
One or more reference IDs (optional). A “/” separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
A descriptive comment (optional). A “/” separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0030 0 0660 ٠ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0030 0 06F0 ۰ activated   ASCII digit variant / Extended digit variant
0660 ٠ 06F0 ۰ activated   Arabic digit variant / Extended digit variant

Variant Set 2 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0031 1 0661 ١ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0031 1 06F1 ۱ activated   ASCII digit variant / Extended digit variant
0661 ١ 06F1 ۱ activated   Arabic digit variant / Extended digit variant

Variant Set 3 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0032 2 0662 ٢ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0032 2 06F2 ۲ activated   ASCII digit variant / Extended digit variant
0662 ٢ 06F2 ۲ activated   Arabic digit variant / Extended digit variant

Variant Set 4 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0033 3 0663 ٣ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0033 3 06F3 ۳ activated   ASCII digit variant / Extended digit variant
0663 ٣ 06F3 ۳ activated   Arabic digit variant / Extended digit variant

Variant Set 5 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0034 4 0664 ٤ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0034 4 06F4 ۴ activated   ASCII digit variant / Extended digit variant
0664 ٤ 06F4 ۴ activated   Arabic digit variant / Extended digit variant

Variant Set 6 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0035 5 0665 ٥ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0035 5 06F5 ۵ activated   ASCII digit variant / Extended digit variant
0665 ٥ 06F5 ۵ activated   Arabic digit variant / Extended digit variant

Variant Set 7 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0036 6 0666 ٦ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0036 6 06F6 ۶ activated   ASCII digit variant / Extended digit variant
0666 ٦ 06F6 ۶ activated   Arabic digit variant / Extended digit variant

Variant Set 8 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0037 7 0667 ٧ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0037 7 06F7 ۷ activated   ASCII digit variant / Extended digit variant
0667 ٧ 06F7 ۷ activated   Arabic digit variant / Extended digit variant

Variant Set 9 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0038 8 0668 ٨ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0038 8 06F8 ۸ activated   ASCII digit variant / Extended digit variant
0668 ٨ 06F8 ۸ activated   Arabic digit variant / Extended digit variant

Variant Set 10 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0039 9 0669 ٩ activated   ASCII digit variant / Arabic digit variant
0039 9 06F9 ۹ activated   ASCII digit variant / Extended digit variant
0669 ٩ 06F9 ۹ activated   Arabic digit variant / Extended digit variant

Variant Set 11 — 5 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0622 آ 0623 أ optionally-allocatable    
0622 آ 0625 إ optionally-allocatable    
0622 آ 0627 ا allocatable   U+0622 (آ) ALEF WITH MADDA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 (ا) ALEF in the Arabic language
optionally-allocatable    
0622 آ 0672 ٲ blocked    
0623 أ 0625 إ optionally-allocatable    
0623 أ 0627 ا allocatable   U+0623 (أ) ALEF WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 (ا) ALEF in the Arabic language
optionally-allocatable    
0623 أ 0672 ٲ blocked    
0625 إ 0627 ا allocatable   U+0625 (إ) ALEF WITH HAMZA BELOW is simplified to U+0627 (ا) ALEF in the Arabic language
optionally-allocatable    
0625 إ 0672 ٲ blocked    
0627 ا 0672 ٲ blocked    
allocatable   U+0672 (ٲ) ALEF WITH WAVY HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0627 (ا) ALEF in the Kashmiri language

Variant Set 12 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0624 ؤ 0648 و allocatable   U+0624 (ؤ) WAV WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+0648 (و) WAV in the Arabic language
blocked    

Variant Set 13 — 8 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0626 ئ 0649 ى blocked    
0626 ئ 064A ي blocked    
0626 ئ 067B ٻ blocked    
0626 ئ 06CC ی blocked    
0626 ئ 06CD ۍ blocked    
0626 ئ 06D0 ې blocked    
0626 ئ 06D2 ے blocked    
0649 ى 064A ي blocked    
0649 ى 067B ٻ blocked    
0649 ى 06CC ی optionally-activated   The two are visually identical and the same label could be typed using one or the other based on the set language settings and keyboard layout of a user
blocked    
0649 ى 06CD ۍ blocked    
0649 ى 06D0 ې blocked    
0649 ى 06D2 ے blocked    
064A ي 067B ٻ blocked    
064A ي 06CC ی optionally-activated   The two are visually identical and the same label could be typed using one or the other based on the set language settings and keyboard layout of a user
allocatable    
064A ي 06CD ۍ blocked    
064A ي 06D0 ې blocked    
064A ي 06D2 ے blocked    
067B ٻ 06CC ی blocked    
067B ٻ 06CD ۍ blocked    
067B ٻ 06D0 ې blocked    
067B ٻ 06D2 ے blocked    
06CC ی 06CD ۍ blocked    
06CC ی 06D0 ې blocked    
06CC ی 06D2 ے blocked    
06CD ۍ 06D0 ې blocked    
06CD ۍ 06D2 ے blocked    
06D0 ې 06D2 ے blocked    

Variant Set 14 — 8 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0629 ة 0647 ه allocatable   In the Arabic language, U+0647 (ه) HEH may be substituted for U+0629 (ة) TEH MARBUTA. [RFC 6365]
blocked    
0629 ة 06BE ھ blocked    
0629 ة 06C0 ۀ blocked    
0629 ة 06C1 ہ blocked    
0629 ة 06C2 ۂ blocked    
0629 ة 06C3 ۃ optionally-activated   The two are visually identical and the same label could be typed using one or the other based on the set language settings and keyboard layout of a user. Labels in the Arabic language using U+0629 (ة) TEH MARBUTA in the final and isolated positions will be typed in other languages using U+06C3 (ۃ) TEH MARBUTA GOAL (Urdu, etc.) which is identical in isolated and has a variant glyph or identical glyph form in final position
allocatable    
0629 ة 06D5 ە blocked    
0647 ه 06BE ھ optionally-activated   Labels in the Arabic language using U+0647 (ه) HEH in the initial and medial positions will be visually similar in Urdu language to U+06BE (ھ) LETTER HEH DOACHASHMEE
blocked    
0647 ه 06C0 ۀ blocked    
0647 ه 06C1 ہ optionally-activated   Labels in the Arabic language using U+0647 (ه) HEH in the final and isolated positions will be typed in other languages using U+06C1 (ہ) HEH GOAL (Urdu, Pashto, Saraiki, etc.) which is identical in isolated and has a variant glyph or identical glyph form in final position
allocatable    
0647 ه 06C2 ۂ blocked    
0647 ه 06C3 ۃ blocked    
0647 ه 06D5 ە blocked    
06BE ھ 06C0 ۀ blocked    
06BE ھ 06C1 ہ blocked    
06BE ھ 06C2 ۂ blocked    
06BE ھ 06C3 ۃ blocked    
06BE ھ 06D5 ە blocked    
06C0 ۀ 06C1 ہ blocked    
06C0 ۀ 06C2 ۂ blocked    
06C0 ۀ 06C3 ۃ blocked    
06C0 ۀ 06D5 ە allocatable   U+06C0 (ۀ) HEH WITH YEH ABOVE is simplified to U+0647 (ه) HEH in some languages (Kurdish)
blocked    
06C1 ہ 06C2 ۂ blocked    
allocatable   U+06C2 (ۂ) HEH GOAL WITH HAMZA ABOVE is simplified to U+06C1 (ہ) HEH GOAL in Urdu
06C1 ہ 06C3 ۃ blocked   This is not allocatable in either direction because, unlike the allocatable relationship between U+0647 (ه) HEH and U+0629 (ة) TEH MARBUTA due to variation in the Arabic language, Urdu and other languages using U+06C1 (ہ) HEH GOAL do not exhibit such variation with U+06C3 (ۃ) TEH MARBUTA GOAL
06C1 ہ 06D5 ە blocked    
06C2 ۂ 06C3 ۃ blocked    
06C2 ۂ 06D5 ە blocked    
06C3 ۃ 06D5 ە blocked    

Variant Set 15 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
062A ت 067A ٺ blocked    

Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
062B ث 067D ٽ blocked    

Variant Set 17 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0641 ف 0642 ق blocked    
0641 ف 06A2 ڢ allocatable   Used interchangeably in Africa for languages using Western (African) orthography
0641 ف 06A7 ڧ blocked    
0642 ق 06A2 ڢ blocked    
0642 ق 06A7 ڧ allocatable   Used interchangeably in Africa for languages using Western (African) orthography
06A2 ڢ 06A7 ڧ blocked    

Variant Set 18 — 3 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0643 ك 06A9 ک optionally-activated   The two have identical shapes in initial and medial positions and are used by different language communities to refer to the same letter
allocatable    
0643 ك 06AA ڪ allocatable   The two have similar (interchangeable) shapes in initial and medial positions and are used by different language communities to refer to the same letter
06A9 ک 06AA ڪ allocatable   The two have similar (interchangeable) shapes in initial and medial positions and are used by different language communities to refer to the same letter

Variant Set 19 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0646 ن 06BA ں allocatable   Used interchangeably in Africa for languages using Western (African) orthography

Variant Set 20 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0679 ٹ 06BB ڻ blocked    

Variant Set 21 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
067E پ 06BD ڽ blocked    
067E پ 06D1 ۑ blocked    
067E پ 0752 ݒ blocked    
06BD ڽ 06D1 ۑ blocked    
06BD ڽ 0752 ݒ blocked    
06D1 ۑ 0752 ݒ blocked    

Variant Set 22 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0683 ڃ 0684 ڄ blocked    

Variant Set 23 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
068E ڎ 068F ڏ blocked    

Variant Set 24 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
06A4 ڤ 06A8 ڨ blocked    

Variant Set 25 — 4 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
06AB ګ 06AD ڭ blocked    
06AB ګ 06AF گ blocked   U+06AB (ګ) KAF WITH RING interchangeably used in Pashto with U+06AF (گ) GAF
06AB ګ 0763 ݣ blocked    
06AD ڭ 06AF گ blocked    
06AD ڭ 0763 ݣ blocked    
06AF گ 0763 ݣ blocked   Iraqi Arabic uses U+06AF (گ) GAF, whereas Moroccan Arabic uses U+0763 (ݣ) KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE

Variant Set 26 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0767 ݧ 08A9 blocked    

4 Classes, Rules and Actions

4.1 Character Classes

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges Ref Comment
right-joining Prop=jt:R 111→37 {0622-0625 0627 0629 062F-0632 0648 0672 0688-068F 0691 0693 0695-0699 06C0 06C3-06C4 06C6 06CB 06CD 06CF 06D2 06D5 0771}   Any character matching Unicode property jt:R
dual-joining Prop=jt:D 424→90 {0620 0626 0628 062A-062E 0633-063A 0641-0647 0649-064A 0679-0681 0683-0687 069A 069F-06A0 06A2 06A4 06A6-06AB 06AD-06B1 06B3 06B5 06BA-06BE 06C1-06C2 06CC ...}   Any character matching Unicode property jt:D
joins-to-the-right combined =
[[:right-joining:] ∪ [:dual-joining:]]
535→127 {0620 0622-063A 0641-064A 0672 0679-0681 0683-068F 0691 0693 0695-069A 069F-06A0 06A2 06A4 06A6-06AB 06AD-06B1 06B3 06B5 06BA-06BE 06C0-06C4 06C6 06CB-06D2 ...}    
group1 explicit 3 {0629 0643 0649}   Letters mostly used in the Arabic language
group2 explicit 7 {06A9-06AA 06BE 06C1-06C3 06CC}   Letters not commonly used in the Arabic language
common-digits Tag=Common-digit 10 {0030-0039}   Digits from the ASCII range; ⍟
arabic-indic-digits Tag=Arabic-indic-digit 10 {0660-0669}   Arabic-Indic digits; ⍟
extended-arabic-indic-digits Tag=Extended-arabic-indic-digit 10 {06F0-06F9}   Extended Arabic-Indic digits
hyphen Tag=Hyphen 1 {002D}   The Hyphen-minus character ⍟
implicit Tag=sc:Arab 148 {0620-063A 0641-064A 0660-0669 0672 0679-0681 0683-068F 0691 0693 0695-069A 069F-06A0 06A2 06A4 06A6-06AB 06AD-06B1 06B3 06B5 06BA-06BE 06C0-06C4 06C6 06CB-...}   Any character tagged as Arabic
implicit Tag=sc:Zyyy 11 {002D 0030-0039}   Any character tagged as Common

Legend

Members or Ranges
Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
m→n
Indicates a set for which only n of its m members fall inside the repertoire.
Tag=ttt
A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Prop=ppp:vvv
A named class defined by reference to value vvv of Unicode property ppp.
Explicit
A named class defined by explicitly listing all its members.
Implicit
An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value and for which there is no named equivalent.
Combined
A named class defined by set operations on other classes using the following syntax:
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators ( = union, = intersection, = difference, = symmetric difference).

4.2 Whole label evaluation and context rules

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name Regular Expression Used as
Trigger
Anchor Used as
Context
Ref Comment
leading-combining-mark (start)[∅=[[∅=\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [∅=\p{gc=Mc}]]]     [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks ⍟
hyphen-minus-disallowed (((start))← ⚓)|(⚓ →((end)))|(((start)..[:hyphen:])← ⚓)   C [150] RFC 5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D (-) ⍟
languages-mixing-restriction ((start)[:group1:]+(end))|((start)[:group2:]+(end))+       a label/variant should avoid mixing languages
leading-digit ((start))← ⚓   C [160] RFC 5893 RTL labels cannot start with a digit ⍟
digit-mixing ([:common-digits:].*([:arabic-indic-digits:]|[:extended-arabic-indic-digits:]))|([:arabic-indic-digits:].*([:common-digits:]|[:extended-arabic-indic-digits:]))|([:extended-arabic-indic-digits:].*([:common-digits:]|[:arabic-indic-digits:]))     [160] RFC 5892 and RFC 5893 restrictions on mixing digits; extended to all three sets
initial-or-medial-position ⚓ →([:joins-to-the-right:])   C   U+0649 (ى) ALEF MAKSURA must not be in initial or medial position
no-mix-heh-goal (\u0647.*\u06C1)|(\u06C1.*\u0647)     [100] WLE Rule 4: do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH GOAL in the same label
no-mix-heh-goal-ae (\u06C1.*\u06D5)|(\u06D5.*\u06C1)     [100] WLE Rule 5: do not mix Arabic letters HEH GOAL and AE in the same label
no-mix-heh-ae (\u0647.*\u06D5)|(\u06D5.*\u0647)     [100] WLE Rule 6: do not mix Arabic letters HEH and AE in the same label
no-mix-heh-doachashmee (\u0647.*\u06BE)|(\u06BE.*\u0647)     [100] WLE Rule 7: do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH DOACHASHMEE in the same label
no-mix-noon-with-three-dots-above-yeh-with-three-dots-below (\u06BD.*\u06D1)|(\u06D1.*\u06BD)     [100] WLE Rule 9: do not mix Arabic letters NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE and YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW in the same label
no-mix-peh-noon-with-three-dots-above (\u067E.*\u06BD)|(\u06BD.*\u067E)     [100] WLE Rule 10: do not mix Arabic letters PEH and NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label
no-mix-feh-with-dot-moved-below (\u0641.*\u06A2)|(\u06A2.*\u0641)     [100] WLE 11:do not mix Arabic letters FEH and FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW in the same label
no-mix-qaf-with-dot-above (\u0642.*\u06A7)|(\u06A7.*\u0642)     [100] WLE Rule 12: do not mix Arabic letters QAF and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label
no-mix-feh-qaf-with-dot-above (\u0641.*\u06A7)|(\u06A7.*\u0641)     [100] WLE Rule 13: do not mix Arabic letters FEH and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label
no-mix-kaf-with-ring-gaf (\u06AB.*\u06AF)|(\u06AF.*\u06AB)     [100] WLE Rule 14: do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and GAF in the same label
no-mix-kaf-with-ring-keheh-with-three-dots-above (\u06AB.*\u0763)|(\u0763.*\u06AB)     [100] WLE Rule 15: do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE
no-mix-gaf-keheh-with-three-dots-above (\u06AF.*\u0763)|(\u0763.*\u06AF)     [100] WLE Rule 16: do not mix Arabic letters GAF and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label

Legend

Used as Trigger
This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓ - context anchor
Placeholder for the actual code point when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(...)← - look-behind
If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
→(..) - look-ahead
If present encloses required context following the anchor.
(... | ...) - choice
When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
start or end
(start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
. - any code point
. matches any code point.
*, +, ?, {n,m} - count operators
* indicates 0 or more, + indicates one or more, and ? indicates up to one instance. {n,m} indicates at least n and at most m instances.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading “^” before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property character set
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase “\P” defines the complement of a property set.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators ( = union, = intersection, = difference, = symmetric difference).
∅= - empty set
Indicates that the following set is empty because of the result of set operations, or because none of its elements is part of the repertoire defined here. A rule with a non-optional empty set never matches.
⍟ - default rule
Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

4.3 Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label does not match languages-mixing-restriction invalid   all labels (including variants) must avoid unnecessary languages mixing
2 if label matches digit-mixing invalid [160] a label matching the RFC 5892 and RFC 5893 restriction on digit mixing is invalid
3 if label matches leading-combining-mark invalid [150] labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
4 if at least one variant is in {out-of-repertoire-var} invalid   any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
5 if label matches no-mix-heh-goal invalid   do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH GOAL in the same label
6 if label matches no-mix-heh-goal-ae invalid   do not mix Arabic letters HEH GOAL and AE in the same label
7 if label matches no-mix-heh-ae invalid   do not mix Arabic letters HEH and AE in the same label
8 if label matches no-mix-heh-doachashmee invalid   do not mix Arabic letters HEH and HEH DOACHASHMEE in the same label
9 if label matches no-mix-noon-with-three-dots-above-yeh-with-three-dots-below invalid   do not mix Arabic letters NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE and YEH WITH THREE DOTS BELOW in the same label
10 if label matches no-mix-peh-noon-with-three-dots-above invalid   do not mix Arabic letters PEH and NOON WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label
11 if label matches no-mix-feh-with-dot-moved-below invalid   do not mix Arabic letters FEH and FEH WITH DOT MOVED BELOW in the same label
12 if label matches no-mix-qaf-with-dot-above invalid   do not mix Arabic letters QAF and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label
13 if label matches no-mix-feh-qaf-with-dot-above invalid   do not mix Arabic letters FEH and QAF WITH DOT ABOVE in the same label
14 if label matches no-mix-kaf-with-ring-gaf invalid   do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and GAF in the same label
15 if label matches no-mix-kaf-with-ring-keheh-with-three-dots-above invalid   do not mix Arabic letters KAF WITH RING and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE
16 if label matches no-mix-gaf-keheh-with-three-dots-above invalid   do not mix Arabic letters GAF and KEHEH WITH THREE DOTS ABOVE in the same label
17 if at least one variant is in {blocked} blocked   any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
18 if at least one variant is in {optionally-allocatable} blocked   optional allocation for certain within-repertoire variants; to make allocation possible, change (blocked) to (allocatable)
19 if at least one variant is in {optionally-activated} allocatable   optional delegation for certain cross-repertoire variants; to make delegation mandatory, change (allocatable) to (activated)
20 if at least one variant is in {activated} activated   variant labels containing activated variants are activated
21 if each variant is in {allocatable} allocatable   variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟
22 if any label (catch-all)   valid   catch all (default action) ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set
In the “Rule/Variant Set” column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

5 Table of References

The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR. For General references refer to the "References" section in the Description.

[0] The Unicode Standard 1.1
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 1.1
[3] The Unicode Standard 3.0
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 3.0
[7] The Unicode Standard 4.1
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 4.1
[9] The Unicode Standard 5.1
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 5.1
[11] The Unicode Standard 6.0
Any code point originally encoded in Unicode 6.0
[12] The Unicode Standard 6.1
[100] RFC 5564 Linguistic Guidelines for the Use of the Arabic Language in Internet Domains
https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5564
[101] Omniglot Hausa
http://omniglot.com/writing/hausa.htm
[102] Omniglot Kashmiri
http://omniglot.com/writing/kashmiri.htm
[103] Omniglot Kazakh
http://omniglot.com/writing/kazakh.htm
[104] Omniglot Khowar
http://omniglot.com/writing/khowar.htm
[105] Omniglot Kirghiz
http://omniglot.com/writing/kirghiz.htm
[106] Omniglot Kurdish
http://omniglot.com/writing/kurdish.htm
[107] Omniglot Malay
http://omniglot.com/writing/malay.htm
[108] Omniglot Pashto
http://omniglot.com/writing/pashto.htm
[109] Omniglot Persian(Farsi)
http://omniglot.com/writing/persian.htm
[110] Omniglot Saraiki
http://omniglot.com/writing/saraiki.htm
[111] Omniglot Sindhi
http://omniglot.com/writing/sindhi.htm
[112] Omniglot Urdu
http://omniglot.com/writing/urdu.htm
[113] Omniglot Wolof
http://omniglot.com/writing/wolof.htm
[114] Omniglot Uyghur
https://omniglot.com/writing/uyghur.htm
[115] Unicode, Kashmiri, Yeh
http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2009/09215-kashmiri.pdf
[116] Unicode, Chad ANT, pp. 19-20
http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf
[117] Unicode, DPLN, p.21
http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf
[118] Unicode, Jawi and Moroccan Arabic GAF,
http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2003/03176-gafs.pdf
[119] Unicode, Chadian, p.5
http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf
[120] Wolof, Paul Timothy
http://paul-timothy.net/pages/ajamisenegal/primers/je_sais_le_wolofal_harmattan_20-oct-2015_a4.pdf
[121] Hausa, pp. 261-289 Warren-Rothlin, Andy (2014): West African scripts and Arabic-script orthographies in socio-political context. Meikal Mumin, Kees (C.) H. Versteegh (Eds.): The Arabic script in Africa. Studies in the use of a writing system. Leiden, Boston: Brill (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 71)
[122] Mandika, Bamana, pp. 225-260 Vydrin, Valentin Feodos'evich; Dumestre, Gérard (2014): Manding Ajami samples. In Meikal Mumin, Kees (C.) H. Versteegh (Eds.): The Arabic script in Africa. Studies in the use of a writing system. Leiden, Boston: Brill (Studies in Semitic Languages and Linguistics, 71)
[123] Ethiopian, Wetter, Andreas (2006): Arabic in Ethiopia. In Kees (C.) H. Versteegh (Ed.): Encyclopedia of Arabic Language and Linguistics. Volume I. A-Ed, vol. 2. With assistance of Mushira Eid, Alaa Elgibali, Manfred Woidich, Andrzej Zaborski. Leiden: E. J. Brill, pp. 51-56.
[124] Western Arabic, Qaf with three dots above, city of Gabes, Tunisia
[125] Urdu, Heh goal with hamza above, Section 3 in
http://www.columbia.edu/~mk2580/urdu_section/handouts/izafat.pdf
[126] Urdu, Teh marbuta goal, Code point UZT 76 of Urdu Zabta Takhti 1.01, the official code page standard for Govt. of Pakistan, approved in 2001; see
http://cle.org.pk/Publication/papers/2001/uzt1.01.pdf
[127] Kurdish-Sorani, p.7 in
http://www.fas.harvard.edu/~iranian/Sorani/sorani_1_grammar.pdf
[128] Wolof, Beh with dot below and three dots above, "Wolofal Orthography" by Galen Currah, revised 20 May 2011
[129] Malay, Jawi Keyboard standard by Department of Standards Malaysia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawi_keyboard
(Accessed on 13 November 2015)
[130] Ajami usage, "Language planning in West Africa - who writes the script?" by Friederike Lüpke;
http://www.elpublishing.org/docs/1/02/ldd02_08.pdf
[131] Scott Clark, "Alphabet and Orthography Statement For Fulfulde [FUB] Ajamiya", SIL, Yaoundé, Cameroon, 2007,
https://www.sil.org/system/files/reapdata/11/59/46/115946668959791144133440092187534320035/AlphabetandOrthographyStatementforFulfuldeFUBAjamiyafortheinternet.pdf
(Accessed on June 17 2019)
[132] Hausa, Newspapers and books published in Hausa using Arabic script,
http://aflang.humanities.ucla.edu/language-materials/chadic-languages/hausa/hausa-online-grammar/pronunciation-writing/hausa-writing/
[133] Kyrgyz,
http://www.ethnologue.com/language/kir
[134] Kyrgyz,
http://www.ethnologue.com/country/CN/languages
[135] Urdu,
https://www.bbc.com/urdu
[136] Wikipedia: "Kyrgyz alphabets",
http:s//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazakh_alphabets
(accessed on 13 November 2015)
[137] Malay, Information technology - Jawi Coded Character Set for Information Interchange MS 2443:2012, Department of Standards, Malaysia.
http://www.jsm.gov.my
[138] Pashto Academy Peshawar University
[140] Kurdish,
https://kurdpress.com/
[141] Internet Architecture Board (IAB), "IAB Statement on Identifiers and Unicode 7.0.0"
https://www.iab.org/documents/correspondence-reports-documents/2015-2/iab-statement-on-identifiers-and-unicode-7-0-0/
Combining Hamza not recommended for use by IAB statement and combining marks not included by TF-AIDN; So combined form needs to be included
[142] An introduction to Latin-Script Uyghur: by Waris Abdukerim Janbaz ,State Library of Victoria, 2006,
http://docplayer.net/42224797-An-introduction-to-latin-script-uyghur.html
[143] Torwali online and printed dictionaries
[144] Wikipedia: "Jawi keyboard"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jawi_keyboard
(Accessed on 13 November 2015)
[145] Wikipedia: "Saraiki alphabet"
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saraiki_alphabet
(Accessed on 13 November 2015)
[146] ANT (Alphabet National du Tchad) is the national standard for Chad/Tchad; See Figures in L2/10-288R (used for “tr” sound as given in the table in Section 6.1.2):
http://www.unicode.org/L2/L2010/10288r-arabic-proposal.pdf
and Appendix B
[147] Wolof,
https://www.openbookpublishers.com/htmlreader/978-1-78374-062-8/11.Ngom.xhtml
[150] RFC 5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891
[160] RFC 5893, Right-to-Left Scripts for Internationalized Domain Names for Applications (IDNA)
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5893
[201] Omniglot Arabic
https://www.omniglot.com/writing/arabic.htm
[401] The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository.- CLDR Version 28 (2015-09-16)- Locale Data Summary for Arabic (ar)-
http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/ar.html
Code points cited are from the set of Main Letters
[600] Wikipedia Arabic alphabet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabic_alphabet
accessed 2015-10-31
Code points cited are from the set of Basic letters
[700] Saudi Network Information Center (.sa, Saudi Arabia ccTLD)
http://www.iana.org/domains/idn-tables/tables/sa_ar_2.0.pdf