Root Zone LGR for script und-Knda (Kannada) lgr-3-Kannada-Script-25apr19-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date 2019-04-25
LGR Version 3
Language und-Knda
Scope domain: "." (Root)
Unicode Version 6.3.0

Table of Contents

1 Description

Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Kannada Script

Overview

This file contains Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Kannada script for the Root Zone. For more details on this LGR and its development, see "Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)" [Proposal]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

Repertoire

According to Section 5, "Repertoire" in [Proposal], the Kannada LGR contains 62 unique code points.

This LGR caters to Kannada, Tulu, Beary, Konkani, Havyaka, Kodava, among other languages written using the Kannada script.

The repertoire is based on [MSR-4], which is a subset of [Unicode 6.3].

Code points outside the Kannada script that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-script variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type "out-of-repertoire-var". They do not form part of the repertoire.

Each code point is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, a category value, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below. Comments provide alternate names for some code points.

Variants

According to Section 6, "Variants", in [Proposal], this LGR defines cross-script variants which are "Confusing due to deviation from normally perceived character formations by larger linguistic community". These cases are not of mere visual similarity; they can cause confusion even to a careful observer and hence have been defined as variants. There are no in-script variants defined for Kannada.

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type "blocked" making labels that differ only by these variants mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other equivalent variant label should be blocked. There is no preference among these variants.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

The specification of variants in the Root Zone LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

The structure of the Kannada script is similar to that of other Indian scripts; it is particularly closely related to Telugu. The heart of the writing system is the Akshar. The Kannada script is known as aksharamale or varnamale. The basic characters are classified into three main categories: swara (vowels), vyanjana (consonants) and yogavahas (semiconsonants).

Swaras (vowels): There are thirteen vowels. When a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter. Sometimes these are referred to as vowel signs or matras. More details in Section 3.4.1, "Swaras (vowels)" of the [Proposal].

Yogavahas (semiconsonants ): The Yōgavāha (part-vowel, part consonant) include two letters:

  1. The anusvara: ಅಂ /aṁ/.
  2. The visarga: ಅಃ /aḥ/.
See Section 3.4.2, "Yogavahas" of the [Proposal].

Vyanjanas (consonants): Two categories of consonant characters are defined in Kannada: the structured consonants (vargeeya vyanjana) and the unstructured consonants (avargeeya vyanjana). For the purpose of this LGR, all consonants are treated the same. More details in Section 3.4.3, "Vyanjanas (consonants)" of the [Proposal].

Implicit vowel ಅ (a) in consonants: All consonant code points in Kannada contain an implicit an vowel ಅ (a). The Unicode character U+0CCD (್), which is the Kannada equivalent of the Devanagari Halant (or Virama), U+094D (्), is applied to consonants to remove the implicit ಅ (a). More details in Section 3.4.4, "Implicit vowel ಅ (a) in consonants" of the [Proposal].

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Default Whole Label Evaluation Rules and Actions

The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-4]. They are marked with ⍟. The default prohibition on leading combining marks is equivalent to ensuring that a label only starts with a consonant or vowel.

Kannada-specific Rules

These rules have been formulated so that they can be adopted for LGR specification.

The following symbols are used in the WLE rules:
C → Consonant
M → Matra
V → Vowel
B → Anusvara
X → Visarga
H → Halant / Virama

The rules are:

More details in Section 7, "Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)" of the [Proposal].

Methodology and Contributors

The LGR for the Kannada script was developed by the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP) the members of which have experience in linguistics and computational linguistics in a wide variety of languages written with Neo-Brahmi scripts. Under the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, there are nine scripts belonging to separate Unicode blocks. Each of these scripts has been assigned a separate LGR, with the Neo-Brahmi GP ensuring that the fundamental philosophy behind building each LGR is in sync with all other Brahmi derived scripts. For further details on methodology and contributors, see Sections 4 and 8 of [Proposal].

References

The following general references are cited in this document:

[MSR-4]
Integration Panel, "Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-4 Overview and Rationale", 7 February 2019,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-4-overview-25jan19-en.pdf
[Proposal]
Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, “Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)”, 6 March 2019,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-kannada-lgr-06mar19-en.pdf
[RFC 7940]
Davies, K. and A. Freytag, "Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML", RFC 7940, August 2016,
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940.
[RFC 8228]
A. Freytag, "Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels", RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[Unicode 6.3]
The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/

2 Repertoire

Summary

Number of elements in Repertoire 62
Out of repertoire variants 34
Total entries in table 96
Number of code points
for each script
Kannada 62
Telugu 34
Longest code point sequence 1

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code
Point
Glyph Script Name Ref Tags Required Context Part of
Repertoire
Variants Comment
U+0C02 Telugu TELUGU SIGN ANUSVARA       set 1 Not part of repertoire
U+0C03 Telugu TELUGU SIGN VISARGA       set 2 Not part of repertoire
U+0C05 Telugu TELUGU LETTER A       set 3 Not part of repertoire
U+0C06 Telugu TELUGU LETTER AA       set 4 Not part of repertoire
U+0C07 Telugu TELUGU LETTER I       set 5 Not part of repertoire
U+0C08 Telugu TELUGU LETTER II       set 6 Not part of repertoire
U+0C10 Telugu TELUGU LETTER AI       set 7 Not part of repertoire
U+0C12 Telugu TELUGU LETTER O       set 8 Not part of repertoire
U+0C13 Telugu TELUGU LETTER OO       set 9 Not part of repertoire
U+0C14 Telugu TELUGU LETTER AU       set 10 Not part of repertoire
U+0C16 Telugu TELUGU LETTER KHA       set 11 Not part of repertoire
U+0C17 Telugu TELUGU LETTER GA       set 12 Not part of repertoire
U+0C1C Telugu TELUGU LETTER JA       set 13 Not part of repertoire
U+0C1D Telugu TELUGU LETTER JHA       set 14 Not part of repertoire
U+0C1E Telugu TELUGU LETTER NYA       set 15 Not part of repertoire
U+0C1F Telugu TELUGU LETTER TTA       set 16 Not part of repertoire
U+0C20 Telugu TELUGU LETTER TTHA       set 17 Not part of repertoire
U+0C21 Telugu TELUGU LETTER DDA       set 18 Not part of repertoire
U+0C22 Telugu TELUGU LETTER DDHA       set 19 Not part of repertoire
U+0C23 Telugu TELUGU LETTER NNA       set 20 Not part of repertoire
U+0C25 Telugu TELUGU LETTER THA       set 21 Not part of repertoire
U+0C26 Telugu TELUGU LETTER DA       set 22 Not part of repertoire
U+0C27 Telugu TELUGU LETTER DHA       set 23 Not part of repertoire
U+0C28 Telugu TELUGU LETTER NA       set 24 Not part of repertoire
U+0C2C Telugu TELUGU LETTER BA       set 25 Not part of repertoire
U+0C2D Telugu TELUGU LETTER BHA       set 26 Not part of repertoire
U+0C2E Telugu TELUGU LETTER MA       set 27 Not part of repertoire
U+0C2F Telugu TELUGU LETTER YA       set 28 Not part of repertoire
U+0C30 Telugu TELUGU LETTER RA       set 29 Not part of repertoire
U+0C32 Telugu TELUGU LETTER LA       set 30 Not part of repertoire
U+0C33 Telugu TELUGU LETTER LLA       set 31 Not part of repertoire
U+0C3F ి Telugu TELUGU VOWEL SIGN I       set 32 Not part of repertoire
U+0C41 Telugu TELUGU VOWEL SIGN U       set 33 Not part of repertoire
U+0C43 Telugu TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R       set 34 Not part of repertoire
U+0C82 Kannada KANNADA SIGN ANUSVARA [110] Anusvara follows-C-V-or-M set 1  
U+0C83 Kannada KANNADA SIGN VISARGA [110] Visarga follows-C-V-or-M set 2  
U+0C85 Kannada KANNADA LETTER A [110] Vowel not: follows-H set 3  
U+0C86 Kannada KANNADA LETTER AA [110] Vowel not: follows-H set 4  
U+0C87 Kannada KANNADA LETTER I [110] Vowel not: follows-H set 5  
U+0C88 Kannada KANNADA LETTER II [110] Vowel not: follows-H set 6  
U+0C89 Kannada KANNADA LETTER U [110] Vowel not: follows-H    
U+0C8A Kannada KANNADA LETTER UU [110] Vowel not: follows-H    
U+0C8B Kannada KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC R [110] Vowel not: follows-H    
U+0C8E Kannada KANNADA LETTER E [110] Vowel not: follows-H    
U+0C8F Kannada KANNADA LETTER EE [110] Vowel not: follows-H    
U+0C90 Kannada KANNADA LETTER AI [110] Vowel not: follows-H set 7  
U+0C92 Kannada KANNADA LETTER O [110] Vowel not: follows-H set 8  
U+0C93 Kannada KANNADA LETTER OO [110] Vowel not: follows-H set 9  
U+0C94 Kannada KANNADA LETTER AU [110] Vowel not: follows-H set 10  
U+0C95 Kannada KANNADA LETTER KA [110] Consonant      
U+0C96 Kannada KANNADA LETTER KHA [110] Consonant   set 11  
U+0C97 Kannada KANNADA LETTER GA [110] Consonant   set 12  
U+0C98 Kannada KANNADA LETTER GHA [110] Consonant      
U+0C99 Kannada KANNADA LETTER NGA [110] Consonant      
U+0C9A Kannada KANNADA LETTER CA [110] Consonant      
U+0C9B Kannada KANNADA LETTER CHA [110] Consonant      
U+0C9C Kannada KANNADA LETTER JA [110] Consonant   set 13  
U+0C9D Kannada KANNADA LETTER JHA [110] Consonant   set 14  
U+0C9E Kannada KANNADA LETTER NYA [110] Consonant   set 15  
U+0C9F Kannada KANNADA LETTER TTA [110] Consonant   set 16  
U+0CA0 Kannada KANNADA LETTER TTHA [110] Consonant   set 17  
U+0CA1 Kannada KANNADA LETTER DDA [110] Consonant   set 18  
U+0CA2 Kannada KANNADA LETTER DDHA [110] Consonant   set 19  
U+0CA3 Kannada KANNADA LETTER NNA [110] Consonant   set 20  
U+0CA4 Kannada KANNADA LETTER TA [110] Consonant      
U+0CA5 Kannada KANNADA LETTER THA [110] Consonant   set 21  
U+0CA6 Kannada KANNADA LETTER DA [110] Consonant   set 22  
U+0CA7 Kannada KANNADA LETTER DHA [110] Consonant   set 23  
U+0CA8 Kannada KANNADA LETTER NA [110] Consonant   set 24  
U+0CAA Kannada KANNADA LETTER PA [110] Consonant      
U+0CAB Kannada KANNADA LETTER PHA [110] Consonant      
U+0CAC Kannada KANNADA LETTER BA [110] Consonant   set 25  
U+0CAD Kannada KANNADA LETTER BHA [110] Consonant   set 26  
U+0CAE Kannada KANNADA LETTER MA [110] Consonant   set 27  
U+0CAF Kannada KANNADA LETTER YA [110] Consonant   set 28  
U+0CB0 Kannada KANNADA LETTER RA [110] Consonant   set 29  
U+0CB2 Kannada KANNADA LETTER LA [110] Consonant   set 30  
U+0CB3 Kannada KANNADA LETTER LLA [110] Consonant   set 31  
U+0CB5 Kannada KANNADA LETTER VA [110] Consonant      
U+0CB6 Kannada KANNADA LETTER SHA [110] Consonant      
U+0CB7 Kannada KANNADA LETTER SSA [110] Consonant      
U+0CB8 Kannada KANNADA LETTER SA [110] Consonant      
U+0CB9 Kannada KANNADA LETTER HA [110] Consonant      
U+0CBE Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AA [110] Matra follows-C    
U+0CBF ಿ Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN I [110] Matra follows-C set 32  
U+0CC0 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN II [110] Matra follows-C    
U+0CC1 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN U [110] Matra follows-C set 33  
U+0CC2 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN UU [110] Matra follows-C    
U+0CC3 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R [110] Matra follows-C set 34  
U+0CC6 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN E [110] Matra follows-C    
U+0CC7 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE [110] Matra follows-C    
U+0CC8 Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI [110] Matra follows-C    
U+0CCA Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN O [110] Matra follows-C    
U+0CCB Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN OO [110] Matra follows-C    
U+0CCC Kannada KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AU [110] Matra follows-C    
U+0CCD Kannada KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA [110] Halant follows-C   = Halant

Legend

Code Point
A code point or code point sequence.
Name
Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database. Named sequences are listed with their normative names, for ad-hoc sequences the individual names are shown separated by "+".
Glyph
The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script
Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common.
Ref
Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags
LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view.
Required Context
Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by "not:" identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants
Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment
The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with "=" denote an alias.
✔ - core repertoire
A check mark in the Part-of-Repertoire column indicates a code point is part of the core repertoire.
✗ - out-of-repertoire
A code point shown with is not part of the repertoire. It is listed only because it is the target of an out-of-repertoire-var variant mapping.

3 Variant Sets

Summary

Number of variant sets 34
Largest variant set 2
Ordinary Variants by Type
blocked 68
Reflexive Variants by Type
out-of-repertoire-var 34

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column, otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and all variant sets are disjoint.

Common Legend

Source
By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target
By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph
The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
- forward
Indicates that variant Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
- reverse
Indicates that variant Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
- both
Indicates that variant Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
- reflexive
Indicates that variant Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
Type
The type of the variant mapping. There are some predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”, while others are defined specifically for each LGR. A reflexive variant type "out-of-repertoire-var" designates the target as not part of the repertoire; it is required as target for one or more variant mappings that cross repertoire boundaries.
Ref
One or more reference IDs (optional). A "/" separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment
A descriptive comment (optional). A "/" separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C02 0C02 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C02 0C82 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 2 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C03 0C03 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C03 0C83 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 3 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C05 0C05 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C05 0C85 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C06 0C06 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C06 0C86 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C07 0C07 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C07 0C87 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 6 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C08 0C08 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C08 0C88 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 7 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C10 0C10 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C10 0C90 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 8 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C12 0C12 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C12 0C92 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C13 0C13 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C13 0C93 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C14 0C14 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C14 0C94 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 11 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C16 0C16 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C16 0C96 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 12 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C17 0C17 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C17 0C97 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 13 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C1C 0C1C out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C1C 0C9C blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 14 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C1D 0C1D out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C1D 0C9D blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 15 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C1E 0C1E out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C1E 0C9E blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C1F 0C1F out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C1F 0C9F blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 17 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C20 0C20 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C20 0CA0 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 18 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C21 0C21 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C21 0CA1 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 19 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C22 0C22 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C22 0CA2 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 20 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C23 0C23 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C23 0CA3 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 21 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C25 0C25 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C25 0CA5 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 22 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C26 0C26 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C26 0CA6 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 23 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C27 0C27 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C27 0CA7 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 24 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C28 0C28 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C28 0CA8 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 25 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C2C 0C2C out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C2C 0CAC blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 26 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C2D 0C2D out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C2D 0CAD blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 27 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C2E 0C2E out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C2E 0CAE blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 28 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C2F 0C2F out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C2F 0CAF blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 29 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C30 0C30 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C30 0CB0 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 30 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C32 0C32 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C32 0CB2 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 31 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C33 0C33 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C33 0CB3 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 32 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C3F ి 0C3F ి out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C3F ి 0CBF ಿ blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 33 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C41 0C41 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C41 0CC1 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 34 — 2 Members

Source Glyph Target Glyph   Type Ref Comment
0C43 0C43 out-of-repertoire-var   Out-of-repertoire
0C43 0CC3 blocked   Cross-script homoglyph

4 Classes, Rules and Actions

4.1 Character Classes

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name Definition Count Members or Ranges Ref Comment
C Tag=Consonant 34 {0C95-0CA8 0CAA-0CB0 0CB2-0CB3 0CB5-0CB9} [110] Any Kannada consonant
V Tag=Vowel 13 {0C85-0C8B 0C8E-0C90 0C92-0C94} [110] Any Kannada independent vowel
M Tag=Matra 12 {0CBE-0CC3 0CC6-0CC8 0CCA-0CCC} [110] Any Kannada vowel sign (matra)
H Tag=Halant 1 {0CCD} [110] The Kannada Halant / Virama)
implicit Tag=Anusvara 1 {0C82}   The character tagged as Anusvara
implicit Tag=Visarga 1 {0C83}   The character tagged as Visarga
implicit Tag=sc:Knda 62 {0C82-0C83 0C85-0C8B 0C8E-0C90 0C92-0CA8 0CAA-0CB0 0CB2-0CB3 0CB5-0CB9 0CBE-0CC3 0CC6-0CC8 0CCA-0CCD}   Any character tagged as Kannada
implicit Tag=sc:Telu 34 {0C02-0C03 0C05-0C08 0C10 0C12-0C14 0C16-0C17 0C1C-0C23 0C25-0C28 0C2C-0C30 0C32-0C33 0C3F 0C41 0C43}   Any character tagged as Telugu

Legend

Members or Ranges
Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt
A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit
An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value.

4.2 Whole label evaluation and context rules

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name Regular Expression Used as
Trigger
Anchor Used as
Context
Ref Comment
leading-combining-mark (start)[[\p{gc=Mn}]∪[\p{gc=Mc}]]       Default WLE rule matching labels with leading combining marks ⍟
follows-C ([:C:])← ⚓   C   Section 7, WLE 1: H must be preceded by C; WLE 2: M must be preceded by C
follows-C-V-or-M ([:C:]|[:V:]|[:M:])← ⚓   C   Section 7, WLE 3: Anusvara must be preceded by C, V or M; WLE 4: Visarga must be preceded by C, V or M
follows-H ([:H:])← ⚓   C   Section 7, WLE 5: V cannot be preceded by H

Legend

Used as Trigger
This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context
This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor
This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression
A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓ - context anchor
Placeholder for the actual code point, when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(...)← - look-behind
If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
→(..) - look-ahead
If present encloses required context following the anchor.
(... | ...) - choice
When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
start or end
(start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
[: :] - named or implicit character set
Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading "^" before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property character set
Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase "\P" defines the complement of a property set.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators
Sets may be combined by set operators ( = union, = intersection, = difference, = symmetric difference).
⍟ - default rule
Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

4.3 Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

# Condition Rule / Variant Set   Disposition Ref Comment
1 if label matches leading-combining-mark invalid   labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
2 if at least one variant is in {out-of-repertoire-var} invalid   any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
3 if at least one variant is in {blocked} blocked   any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
4 if each variant is in {allocatable} allocatable   variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟
5 if any label (catch-all)   valid   catch all (default action) ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set
In the "Rule/Variant Set" column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action
Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

5 Table of References

[110] ಕನ್ನಡ ಮಧ್ಯಮ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ, ತೀ.ನಂ. ಶ್ರೀಕಂಠಯ್ಯ, ಗೀತಾ ಬುಕ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಮೈಸೂರು, ೨೦೦೧ /Kannada Madhyama Vyakarana/ (An Intermediate Kannada Grammar), T. N. Sreekantaiya, Geetha Book House, Mysore, 2001.