Root Zone LGR for script und-Knda (Kannada)	lgr-3-Kannada-Script-25apr19-en

This document is mechanically formatted from the XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.

Date	2019-04-25
LGR Version	3
Language	und-Knda
Scope	domain: "." (Root)
Unicode Version	6.3.0

1 Description
2 Repertoire
3 Variant Sets
4 Classes, Rules and Actions
4.1 Character Classes
4.2 Whole Label Evaluation and Context Rules
4.3 Actions
5 Table of References

1 Description

Root Zone Label Generation Rules for the Kannada Script

Overview

This file contains Label Generation Rules (LGR) for the Kannada script for the Root Zone. For more details on this LGR and its development, see "Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)" [Proposal]. The format of this file follows [RFC 7940].

Repertoire

According to Section 5, "Repertoire" in [Proposal], the Kannada LGR contains 62 unique code points.

This LGR caters to Kannada, Tulu, Beary, Konkani, Havyaka, Kodava, among other languages written using the Kannada script.

The repertoire is based on [MSR-4], which is a subset of [Unicode 6.3].

Code points outside the Kannada script that are listed in this file are targets for out-of-script variants and are identified by a reflexive (identity) variant of type "out-of-repertoire-var". They do not form part of the repertoire.

Each code point is tagged with the script or scripts that the code point is used with, a category value, and one or more references documenting sufficient justification for inclusion in the repertoire, see "References" below. Comments provide alternate names for some code points.

Variants

According to Section 6, "Variants", in [Proposal], this LGR defines cross-script variants which are "Confusing due to deviation from normally perceived character formations by larger linguistic community". These cases are not of mere visual similarity; they can cause confusion even to a careful observer and hence have been defined as variants. There are no in-script variants defined for Kannada.

Variant Disposition: All variants are of type "blocked" making labels that differ only by these variants mutually exclusive: whichever label containing either of these variants is chosen earlier would be delegated, while any other equivalent variant label should be blocked. There is no preference among these variants.

This LGR does not define allocatable variants.

The specification of variants in the Root Zone LGR follows the guidelines in [RFC 8228].

Character Classes

The structure of the Kannada script is similar to that of other Indian scripts; it is particularly closely related to Telugu. The heart of the writing system is the Akshar. The Kannada script is known as aksharamale or varnamale. The basic characters are classified into three main categories: swara (vowels), vyanjana (consonants) and yogavahas (semiconsonants).

Swaras (vowels): There are thirteen vowels. When a vowel follows a consonant, it is written with a diacritic rather than as a separate letter. Sometimes these are referred to as vowel signs or matras. More details in Section 3.4.1, "Swaras (vowels)" of the [Proposal].

Yogavahas (semiconsonants ): The Yōgavāha (part-vowel, part consonant) include two letters:

The anusvara: ಅಂ /aṁ/.
The visarga: ಅಃ /aḥ/.

See Section 3.4.2, "Yogavahas" of the [Proposal].

Vyanjanas (consonants): Two categories of consonant characters are defined in Kannada: the structured consonants (vargeeya vyanjana) and the unstructured consonants (avargeeya vyanjana). For the purpose of this LGR, all consonants are treated the same. More details in Section 3.4.3, "Vyanjanas (consonants)" of the [Proposal].

Implicit vowel ಅ (a) in consonants: All consonant code points in Kannada contain an implicit an vowel ಅ (a). The Unicode character U+0CCD (್), which is the Kannada equivalent of the Devanagari Halant (or Virama), U+094D (्), is applied to consonants to remove the implicit ಅ (a). More details in Section 3.4.4, "Implicit vowel ಅ (a) in consonants" of the [Proposal].

Whole Label Evaluation (WLE) and Context Rules

Default Whole Label Evaluation Rules and Actions

The LGR includes the set of required default WLE rules and actions applicable to the Root Zone and defined in [MSR-4]. They are marked with ⍟. The default prohibition on leading combining marks is equivalent to ensuring that a label only starts with a consonant or vowel.

Kannada-specific Rules

These rules have been formulated so that they can be adopted for LGR specification.

The following symbols are used in the WLE rules:
C → Consonant
M → Matra
V → Vowel
B → Anusvara
X → Visarga
H → Halant / Virama

The rules are:

1. H: must be preceded by C
2. M: must be preceded by C
3. B: must be preceded by C, V or M
4. X: must be preceded by C, V or M
5. V: cannot be preceded by H

More details in Section 7, "Whole Label Evaluation Rules (WLE)" of the [Proposal].

Methodology and Contributors

The LGR for the Kannada script was developed by the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel (NBGP) the members of which have experience in linguistics and computational linguistics in a wide variety of languages written with Neo-Brahmi scripts. Under the Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, there are nine scripts belonging to separate Unicode blocks. Each of these scripts has been assigned a separate LGR, with the Neo-Brahmi GP ensuring that the fundamental philosophy behind building each LGR is in sync with all other Brahmi derived scripts. For further details on methodology and contributors, see Sections 4 and 8 of [Proposal].

References

The following general references are cited in this document:

[MSR-4]: Integration Panel, "Maximal Starting Repertoire — MSR-4 Overview and Rationale", 7 February 2019,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/msr-4-overview-25jan19-en.pdf
[Proposal]: Neo-Brahmi Generation Panel, “Proposal for a Kannada Script Root Zone Label Generation Ruleset (LGR)”, 6 March 2019,
https://www.icann.org/en/system/files/files/proposal-kannada-lgr-06mar19-en.pdf
[RFC 7940]: Davies, K. and A. Freytag, "Representing Label Generation Rulesets Using XML", RFC 7940, August 2016,
http://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc7940.
[RFC 8228]: A. Freytag, "Guidance on Designing Label Generation Rulesets (LGRs) Supporting Variant Labels", RFC 8228, August 2017,
https://www.rfc-editor.org/info/rfc8228
[Unicode 6.3]: The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5)
http://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode6.3.0/

2 Repertoire

Summary

Number of elements in Repertoire

Out of repertoire variants

Total entries in table

Number of code points
for each script

Kannada	62
Telugu	34

Longest code point sequence

Repertoire by Code Point

The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.

For any code point or sequence for which a variant is defined, additional information is provided in the Variants column. Some code points or sequences listed in the following table are not part of the repertoire itself; they document targets for out-of-repertoire variant mappings as indicated. See also the legend provided below the table.

Code Point	Glyph	Script	Name	Ref	Tags	Required Context	Part of Repertoire	Variants	Comment
U+0C02	ం	Telugu	TELUGU SIGN ANUSVARA				✗	set 1	Not part of repertoire
U+0C03	ః	Telugu	TELUGU SIGN VISARGA				✗	set 2	Not part of repertoire
U+0C05	అ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER A				✗	set 3	Not part of repertoire
U+0C06	ఆ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER AA				✗	set 4	Not part of repertoire
U+0C07	ఇ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER I				✗	set 5	Not part of repertoire
U+0C08	ఈ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER II				✗	set 6	Not part of repertoire
U+0C10	ఐ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER AI				✗	set 7	Not part of repertoire
U+0C12	ఒ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER O				✗	set 8	Not part of repertoire
U+0C13	ఓ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER OO				✗	set 9	Not part of repertoire
U+0C14	ఔ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER AU				✗	set 10	Not part of repertoire
U+0C16	ఖ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER KHA				✗	set 11	Not part of repertoire
U+0C17	గ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER GA				✗	set 12	Not part of repertoire
U+0C1C	జ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER JA				✗	set 13	Not part of repertoire
U+0C1D	ఝ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER JHA				✗	set 14	Not part of repertoire
U+0C1E	ఞ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER NYA				✗	set 15	Not part of repertoire
U+0C1F	ట	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER TTA				✗	set 16	Not part of repertoire
U+0C20	ఠ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER TTHA				✗	set 17	Not part of repertoire
U+0C21	డ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER DDA				✗	set 18	Not part of repertoire
U+0C22	ఢ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER DDHA				✗	set 19	Not part of repertoire
U+0C23	ణ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER NNA				✗	set 20	Not part of repertoire
U+0C25	థ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER THA				✗	set 21	Not part of repertoire
U+0C26	ద	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER DA				✗	set 22	Not part of repertoire
U+0C27	ధ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER DHA				✗	set 23	Not part of repertoire
U+0C28	న	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER NA				✗	set 24	Not part of repertoire
U+0C2C	బ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER BA				✗	set 25	Not part of repertoire
U+0C2D	భ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER BHA				✗	set 26	Not part of repertoire
U+0C2E	మ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER MA				✗	set 27	Not part of repertoire
U+0C2F	య	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER YA				✗	set 28	Not part of repertoire
U+0C30	ర	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER RA				✗	set 29	Not part of repertoire
U+0C32	ల	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER LA				✗	set 30	Not part of repertoire
U+0C33	ళ	Telugu	TELUGU LETTER LLA				✗	set 31	Not part of repertoire
U+0C3F	ి	Telugu	TELUGU VOWEL SIGN I				✗	set 32	Not part of repertoire
U+0C41	ు	Telugu	TELUGU VOWEL SIGN U				✗	set 33	Not part of repertoire
U+0C43	ృ	Telugu	TELUGU VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R				✗	set 34	Not part of repertoire
U+0C82	ಂ	Kannada	KANNADA SIGN ANUSVARA	[110]	Anusvara	follows-C-V-or-M	✔	set 1
U+0C83	ಃ	Kannada	KANNADA SIGN VISARGA	[110]	Visarga	follows-C-V-or-M	✔	set 2
U+0C85	ಅ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER A	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔	set 3
U+0C86	ಆ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER AA	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔	set 4
U+0C87	ಇ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER I	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔	set 5
U+0C88	ಈ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER II	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔	set 6
U+0C89	ಉ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER U	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔
U+0C8A	ಊ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER UU	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔
U+0C8B	ಋ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER VOCALIC R	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔
U+0C8E	ಎ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER E	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔
U+0C8F	ಏ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER EE	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔
U+0C90	ಐ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER AI	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔	set 7
U+0C92	ಒ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER O	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔	set 8
U+0C93	ಓ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER OO	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔	set 9
U+0C94	ಔ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER AU	[110]	Vowel	not: follows-H	✔	set 10
U+0C95	ಕ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER KA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0C96	ಖ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER KHA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 11
U+0C97	ಗ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER GA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 12
U+0C98	ಘ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER GHA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0C99	ಙ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER NGA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0C9A	ಚ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER CA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0C9B	ಛ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER CHA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0C9C	ಜ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER JA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 13
U+0C9D	ಝ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER JHA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 14
U+0C9E	ಞ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER NYA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 15
U+0C9F	ಟ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER TTA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 16
U+0CA0	ಠ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER TTHA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 17
U+0CA1	ಡ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER DDA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 18
U+0CA2	ಢ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER DDHA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 19
U+0CA3	ಣ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER NNA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 20
U+0CA4	ತ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER TA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0CA5	ಥ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER THA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 21
U+0CA6	ದ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER DA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 22
U+0CA7	ಧ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER DHA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 23
U+0CA8	ನ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER NA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 24
U+0CAA	ಪ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER PA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0CAB	ಫ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER PHA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0CAC	ಬ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER BA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 25
U+0CAD	ಭ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER BHA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 26
U+0CAE	ಮ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER MA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 27
U+0CAF	ಯ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER YA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 28
U+0CB0	ರ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER RA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 29
U+0CB2	ಲ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER LA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 30
U+0CB3	ಳ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER LLA	[110]	Consonant		✔	set 31
U+0CB5	ವ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER VA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0CB6	ಶ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER SHA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0CB7	ಷ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER SSA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0CB8	ಸ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER SA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0CB9	ಹ	Kannada	KANNADA LETTER HA	[110]	Consonant		✔
U+0CBE	ಾ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AA	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔
U+0CBF	ಿ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN I	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔	set 32
U+0CC0	ೀ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN II	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔
U+0CC1	ು	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN U	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔	set 33
U+0CC2	ೂ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN UU	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔
U+0CC3	ೃ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN VOCALIC R	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔	set 34
U+0CC6	ೆ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN E	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔
U+0CC7	ೇ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN EE	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔
U+0CC8	ೈ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AI	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔
U+0CCA	ೊ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN O	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔
U+0CCB	ೋ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN OO	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔
U+0CCC	ೌ	Kannada	KANNADA VOWEL SIGN AU	[110]	Matra	follows-C	✔
U+0CCD	್	Kannada	KANNADA SIGN VIRAMA	[110]	Halant	follows-C	✔		= Halant

Legend

Code Point: A code point or code point sequence.
Name: Shows the character or sequence name from the Unicode Character Database. Named sequences are listed with their normative names, for ad-hoc sequences the individual names are shown separated by "+".
Glyph: The shape displayed depends on the fonts available to your browser.
Script: Shows the script property value from the Unicode Character Database. Combining marks may have the value Inherited and code points used with more than one script may have the value Common.
Ref: Links to the references associated with the code point or sequence, if any.
Tags: LGR-defined tag values. Any tags matching the Unicode script property are suppressed in this view.
Required Context: Link to a rule defining the required context a code point or sequence must satisfy. If prefixed by "not:" identifies a context that must not occur.
Variants: Link to the variant set the code point or sequence is a member of, except where a coded point or sequence maps only to itself, in which case the type of that mapping is listed.
Comment: The comment as given in the XML file. However, if the comment for this row consists only of the code point or sequence name, it is suppressed in this view. By convention, comments starting with "=" denote an alias.
✔ - core repertoire: A check mark in the Part-of-Repertoire column indicates a code point is part of the core repertoire.
✗ - out-of-repertoire: A code point shown with ✗ is not part of the repertoire. It is listed only because it is the target of an out-of-repertoire-var variant mapping.

3 Variant Sets

Summary

Number of variant sets

Largest variant set

Ordinary Variants by Type

blocked

Reflexive Variants by Type

out-of-repertoire-var

The following tables list all variant sets defined in this LGR, except for singleton sets. Each table lists all variant mapping pairs of the set; one per row. Mappings are assumed to be symmetric: each row documents both forward (→) and reverse (←) mapping directions. In each table, the mappings are sorted by Source value in ascending code point order; shading is used to group mappings from the same source code point or sequence.

Where the type of both forward and reverse mappings are the same, a single value is given in the Type column, otherwise the types for forward and reverse mappings, as well as comments and references are listed above one another. For summary counts, both forward and reverse mappings are always counted separately.

A mapping where source and target are the same is reflexive. Variant sets consisting of only a single reflexive mapping are not shown as a set. Instead, the variant type of the mapping is listed in the Variants column of the Repertoire by Code Point table. Reflexive mappings that are part of a larger set are indicated with a “≡” and are counted once per entry.

In any LGR with variant specifications that are well behaved, all members within each variant set are defined as variants of each other; the mappings in each set are symmetric and transitive; and all variant sets are disjoint.

Common Legend

Source: By convention, the smaller of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Target: By convention, the larger of the two code points in a variant mapping pair.
Glyph: The shape displayed for source or target depends on the fonts available to your browser.
→ - forward: Indicates that variant Type, Ref and Comment apply to the mapping from source to target.
← - reverse: Indicates that variant Type, Ref and Comment apply to the reverse mapping from target to source.
↔ - both: Indicates that variant Type, Ref and Comment apply to both forward and reverse mapping.
≡ - reflexive: Indicates that variant Type, Ref and Comment are for a reflexive mapping where source equals target.
Type: The type of the variant mapping. There are some predefined variant types such as “allocatable” and “blocked”, while others are defined specifically for each LGR. A reflexive variant type "out-of-repertoire-var" designates the target as not part of the repertoire; it is required as target for one or more variant mappings that cross repertoire boundaries.
Ref: One or more reference IDs (optional). A "/" separates references for reverse / forward mappings, if different.
Comment: A descriptive comment (optional). A "/" separates comments for reverse / forward mappings, if different.

Variant Set 1 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C02	ం	0C02	ం	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C02	ం	0C82	ಂ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 2 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C03	ః	0C03	ః	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C03	ః	0C83	ಃ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 3 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C05	అ	0C05	అ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C05	అ	0C85	ಅ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 4 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C06	ఆ	0C06	ఆ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C06	ఆ	0C86	ಆ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 5 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C07	ఇ	0C07	ఇ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C07	ఇ	0C87	ಇ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 6 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C08	ఈ	0C08	ఈ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C08	ఈ	0C88	ಈ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 7 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C10	ఐ	0C10	ఐ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C10	ఐ	0C90	ಐ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 8 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C12	ఒ	0C12	ఒ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C12	ఒ	0C92	ಒ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 9 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C13	ఓ	0C13	ఓ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C13	ఓ	0C93	ಓ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 10 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C14	ఔ	0C14	ఔ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C14	ఔ	0C94	ಔ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 11 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C16	ఖ	0C16	ఖ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C16	ఖ	0C96	ಖ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 12 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C17	గ	0C17	గ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C17	గ	0C97	ಗ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 13 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C1C	జ	0C1C	జ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C1C	జ	0C9C	ಜ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 14 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C1D	ఝ	0C1D	ఝ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C1D	ఝ	0C9D	ಝ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 15 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C1E	ఞ	0C1E	ఞ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C1E	ఞ	0C9E	ಞ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 16 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C1F	ట	0C1F	ట	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C1F	ట	0C9F	ಟ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 17 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C20	ఠ	0C20	ఠ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C20	ఠ	0CA0	ಠ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 18 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C21	డ	0C21	డ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C21	డ	0CA1	ಡ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 19 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C22	ఢ	0C22	ఢ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C22	ఢ	0CA2	ಢ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 20 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C23	ణ	0C23	ణ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C23	ణ	0CA3	ಣ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 21 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C25	థ	0C25	థ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C25	థ	0CA5	ಥ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 22 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C26	ద	0C26	ద	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C26	ద	0CA6	ದ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 23 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C27	ధ	0C27	ధ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C27	ధ	0CA7	ಧ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 24 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C28	న	0C28	న	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C28	న	0CA8	ನ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 25 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C2C	బ	0C2C	బ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C2C	బ	0CAC	ಬ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 26 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C2D	భ	0C2D	భ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C2D	భ	0CAD	ಭ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 27 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C2E	మ	0C2E	మ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C2E	మ	0CAE	ಮ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 28 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C2F	య	0C2F	య	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C2F	య	0CAF	ಯ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 29 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C30	ర	0C30	ర	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C30	ర	0CB0	ರ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 30 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C32	ల	0C32	ల	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C32	ల	0CB2	ಲ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 31 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C33	ళ	0C33	ళ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C33	ళ	0CB3	ಳ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 32 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C3F	ి	0C3F	ి	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C3F	ి	0CBF	ಿ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 33 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C41	ు	0C41	ు	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C41	ు	0CC1	ು	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

Variant Set 34 — 2 Members

Source	Glyph	Target	Glyph		Type	Ref	Comment
0C43	ృ	0C43	ృ	≡	out-of-repertoire-var		Out-of-repertoire
0C43	ృ	0CC3	ೃ	↔	blocked		Cross-script homoglyph

4 Classes, Rules and Actions

4.1 Character Classes

The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).

Name	Definition	Count	Members or Ranges	Ref	Comment
C	Tag=Consonant	34	{0C95-0CA8 0CAA-0CB0 0CB2-0CB3 0CB5-0CB9}	[110]	Any Kannada consonant
V	Tag=Vowel	13	{0C85-0C8B 0C8E-0C90 0C92-0C94}	[110]	Any Kannada independent vowel
M	Tag=Matra	12	{0CBE-0CC3 0CC6-0CC8 0CCA-0CCC}	[110]	Any Kannada vowel sign (matra)
H	Tag=Halant	1	{0CCD}	[110]	The Kannada Halant / Virama)
implicit	Tag=Anusvara	1	{0C82}		The character tagged as Anusvara
implicit	Tag=Visarga	1	{0C83}		The character tagged as Visarga
implicit	Tag=sc:Knda	62	{0C82-0C83 0C85-0C8B 0C8E-0C90 0C92-0CA8 0CAA-0CB0 0CB2-0CB3 0CB5-0CB9 0CBE-0CC3 0CC6-0CC8 0CCA-0CCD}		Any character tagged as Kannada
implicit	Tag=sc:Telu	34	{0C02-0C03 0C05-0C08 0C10 0C12-0C14 0C16-0C17 0C1C-0C23 0C25-0C28 0C2C-0C30 0C32-0C33 0C3F 0C41 0C43}		Any character tagged as Telugu

Legend

Members or Ranges: Lists the members of the class as code points (xxx) or as ranges of code points (xxx-yyy). Any class too numerous to list in full is elided with "...".
Tag=ttt: A named or implicit class defined by all code points that share the given tag value (ttt).
Implicit: An anonymous class implicitly defined based on tag value.

4.2 Whole label evaluation and context rules

The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.

Name	Regular Expression	Used as Trigger	Anchor	Used as Context	Comment
leading-combining-mark	`(start)[[\p{gc=Mn}]∪[\p{gc=Mc}]]`	✔			Default WLE rule matching labels with leading combining marks ⍟
follows-C	`([:C:])← ⚓`		✔	C	Section 7, WLE 1: H must be preceded by C; WLE 2: M must be preceded by C
follows-C-V-or-M	`([:C:]\|[:V:]\|[:M:])← ⚓`		✔	C	Section 7, WLE 3: Anusvara must be preceded by C, V or M; WLE 4: Visarga must be preceded by C, V or M
follows-H	`([:H:])← ⚓`		✔	C	Section 7, WLE 5: V cannot be preceded by H

Legend

Used as Trigger: This rule triggers one of the actions listed below.
Used as Context: This rule defines a required or prohibited context for a code point C or variant V.
Anchor: This rule has a placeholder for the code point for which it is evaluated.
Regular Expression: A regular expression equivalent to the rule, shown in a modified notation as noted:
⚓ - context anchor: Placeholder for the actual code point, when a context is evaluated. The code point must occur at the position corresponding to the anchor. Rules containing an anchor cannot be used as triggers.
(...)← - look-behind: If present encloses required context preceding the anchor.
→(..) - look-ahead: If present encloses required context following the anchor.
(... | ...) - choice: When there is more than one alternative in a rule, the choices are separated by the alternation operator (...|...).
start or end: (start) matches the start of the label; (end) matches the end of the label.
[: :] - named or implicit character set: Reference to a named character set [:name:] or an implicit character set [:tag:]. A leading "^" before name or tag indicates the set complement.
[\p{ }] - property character set: Set of all characters matching a given value for a Unicode property [\p{prop=val}]. Note: uppercase "\P" defines the complement of a property set.
∪, ∩, ∖, ∆ - set operators: Sets may be combined by set operators (∪ = union, ∩ = intersection, ∖ = difference, ∆ = symmetric difference).
⍟ - default rule: Rules marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

4.3 Actions

The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.

#	Condition	Rule / Variant Set		Disposition	Comment
1	if label matches	leading-combining-mark	→	invalid	labels with leading combining marks are invalid ⍟
2	if at least one variant is in	{out-of-repertoire-var}	→	invalid	any variant label with a code point out of repertoire is invalid ⍟
3	if at least one variant is in	{blocked}	→	blocked	any variant label containing blocked variants is blocked ⍟
4	if each variant is in	{allocatable}	→	allocatable	variant labels with all variants allocatable are allocatable ⍟
5	if any label (catch-all)		→	valid	catch all (default action) ⍟

Legend

{...} - variant type set: In the "Rule/Variant Set" column, the notation {...} means a set of variant types.
⍟ - default action: Actions marked with ⍟ are included by default and may or may not be triggered by any possible label under this LGR.

5 Table of References

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ಕನ್ನಡ ಮಧ್ಯಮ ವ್ಯಾಕರಣ, ತೀ.ನಂ. ಶ್ರೀಕಂಠಯ್ಯ, ಗೀತಾ ಬುಕ್ ಹೌಸ್, ಮೈಸೂರು, ೨೦೦೧ /Kannada Madhyama Vyakarana/ (An Intermediate Kannada Grammar), T. N. Sreekantaiya, Geetha Book House, Mysore, 2001.