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SAC 037 | Executive Summary of SSAC Comments on Display and usage of Internationalized Registration Data: Support for characters from local languages or scripts

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Many Internet applications today support characters from local languages, alphabets or scripts. Support for characters from local languages, alphabets or scripts affects how information is displayed to Internet users and how users submit information to applications via data entry methods including command lines and web forms.

This document examines how the use of characters from local scripts affects the Internet user experience with respect to domain name registration data submission, usage, and display. The paper presents examples of what users may encounter today when they access Registration Rata via WHOIS or via the web. The document examines the issues related to supporting characters from local scripts in the context of current and future applications that various parties (e.g., registrars, registries, third parties) provide for the submission, usage and display of domain names and Registration Data.

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."