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  • A Review of the Eastern European DNS Forum: First Takeaways

    On the 28 January, a community survey was sent out to previous participants of the Eastern European DNS Forum and the regional community as a whole. The survey aimed to understand participant satisfaction and solicit feedback on improvements that could be made to the DNS...

  • Technical Study Group Engages with Community in Kobe

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    After a productive week of meetings with community groups at ICANN64 in Kobe, Japan, the Technical Study Group on Access to Non-Public Registration Data has charted a course toward finishing its work by mid-April. On behalf of the entire team, I'd like to thank the...

  • Next Steps for ICANN Board Working Group on Anti-Harassment

    The ICANN Board Working Group on Anti-Harassment met with a small cross-section of interested community members at ICANN64 in Kobe, Japan, to discuss the Board Working Group's workplan and agree on next steps. The community members in attendance shared many valuable ideas...

  • Returning to Marrakech: Looking Ahead to ICANN65

    We kicked off 2019 ICANN Public Meetings with a successful ICANN64 in Kobe, Japan. Now I welcome the community back to Africa for ICANN65 in Marrakech, Morocco from 24-27 June. ICANN65 is a four-day Policy Forum, which gives the global Internet community a chance to focus...

  • Independent Review Process Standing Panel – Call to Action

    As we work collectively to complete the full implementation of the updated Independent Review Process (IRP), ICANN organization seeks community inputs on the process for the selection of a standing panel to hear IRPs. There are still open questions on how ICANN’s...

  • Ten Things You Didn’t Know About Kobe, Japan

    Perched between Osaka Bay and soaring Mount Rokko, Kobe is diverse and surprising. The Kobe, Osaka, and Kyoto metropolitan area, known as the Keihanshinregion, is the second most populous area in Japan behind greater Tokyo. The port city of Kobe was one of the first...

  • Welcome to ICANN64

    Welcome to Kobe, Japan, for ICANN64. As a few of you may recall, the last time an ICANN meeting was held in Japan was in the year 2000, for ICANN06. Quite a lot has changed since then, but the intention of these meetings remains the same – to come together to find...

  • ようこそ！Yokoso! Welcome to Kobe for ICANN64!

    If this is your first time attending an ICANN Public Meeting, let me start with a couple of insider tips: Please bookmark the ICANN64 Meetings pageand download the Meetings app. These tools will help you navigate some 300 sessions taking place over the week. Join us for...

  • Efforts to Provide a Safer Environment

    As we approach ICANN64 in Kobe, Japan, I want to share some important information regarding the Office of the Ombudsman. I am pleased to announce that Barbara (Barb) Curwin will once again be part of the Ombuds Team at ICANN64. Her presence and assistance were greatly...

  • Technical Study Group Publishes Draft Model for Review and Input

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    On behalf of the Technical Study Group on Access to Non-Public Registration Data, I am pleased to share with you the Draft Technical Model for Access to Non-Public Registration Data. This document represents the collective input of our group. We are sharing this model now...

  • Chair’s Blog: A Preview of the Kobe Board Workshop

    Prior to the start of ICANN64 in Kobe, Japan, the ICANN Board will be meeting from 8-10 March for its second Board workshop of 2019. As I’ve noted before, workshops held before ICANN’s Public Meetings provide us with a chance to take a closer look at the issues the...

  • Next Steps with the RDAP Service for gTLD Registries and Registrars

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    Last August, a draft of the Registration Data Access Protocol (RDAP) profile underwent Public Comment in an effort to give the entire ICANN community a chance to provide feedback on this important document. The ICANN organization worked with a discussion group of gTLD...

  • ICANN org publishes Charter on Government Engagement Approach

    Increasingly, governments and intergovernmental forums are holding discussions and developing policies, legislations, and regulations that impact the Internet. In some cases, the results of these discussions may impact ICANN's ability to develop policies, run its...

  • Technical Study Group Advances Draft Model

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    The Technical Study Group on Access to Non-Public Registration Data recently spent three days in Washington, D.C. engaged in intense and collegial discussions to develop a detailed draft of the Technical Model for Non-Public Registration Data. Nine of our ten members...

  • Chair’s Blog: Wrapping up the Los Angeles Workshop

    The ICANN Board recently met in Los Angeles for our first workshop of 2019. As you may have read in my preview blog, we held three public sessions on the progress of the Board's FY19 priorities, an overview of track five of the Geographical Names as TLDs Policy...

  • North America Stakeholder Engagement is On Track for Growth

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    I'm happy to report that our midyear progress overview for the FY2019-FY2020 North America Stakeholder Engagement Strategy shows that North American regional participation in ICANN policy making remains robust. Just over six months ago, we, along with members of ICANN...

  • ICANN64 Prep Week

    To better prepare the community ahead of ICANN Public Meetings, the Policy Development Support team is piloting a new initiative called Prep Week, that will consolidate all pre-ICANN Public Meeting webinars into one week. Starting with ICANN64, Prep Week will streamline...

  • Technical Study Group Makes Progress at First Face-to-Face Meeting

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    In the cold of January, the 10-member Technical Study Group on Access to Non-Public Registration Data (TSG-RD) met for two days at ICANN's Washington, DC office. Our focus was to get to productive outcomes that would propel our work in the coming weeks and months. I am...

  • Have Your Say on the Eastern European DNS Forum

    Since 2016, ICANN org has held a series of successful events in Eastern Europe and Central Asia with the purpose of engaging local stakeholders in discussions about emerging issues and future challenges to the Domain Name System (DNS). In December 2018, we ran the third...

  • EPDP Team Makes Substantial Progress Toward Final Report

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    The Expedited Policy Development Process (EPDP) Team on the Temporary Specification for generic top-level domain (gTLD) Registration Data is making substantial progress as we prepare to deliver our Final Report in early February. Starting at the beginning of the year, the...

  • Chair's Blog: A Preview of the Los Angeles Board Workshop

    Near the end of this month, from 25-28 January, the ICANN Board will meet in Los Angeles, California, for its first workshop of calendar year 2019. We will be discussing many of the topics I outlined in my previous blog, as well as my wrap-up of ICANN63 and the Barcelona...

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."