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  • Advancing the Operational Design Phase

    We would like to thank the community for working constructively with the ICANN organization (org) on the Operational Design Phase (ODP). Thanks to this cooperation, we are pleased to share that the ICANN Board has reviewed the ODP process paper following two rounds of...
  • Chair’s Blog: A Preview of the Pre-ICANN70 Board Workshop

    Ahead of the upcoming ICANN70 Virtual Community Forum, the ICANN Board is meeting for its second virtual workshop of 2021. This workshop will be an opportunity for the Board to further our discussions on a range of topics, such as recent developments regarding the...
  • ICANN70 Virtual Meeting Improvements

    In January, the ICANN Board announced that ICANN70, originally scheduled as an in-person meeting in Cancún, Mexico, will be held as the fourth virtual ICANN Public Meeting. As part of ICANN org's ongoing efforts to improve these virtual Public Meetings and meet the needs...
  • Language Service Enhancements at ICANN70

    ICANN's multistakeholder model relies on the active participation of our global community. Providing language support in multiple languages for events and meetings is crucial to encouraging diverse participation. The shift from physical to virtual meetings has created...
  • An Update on Work Stream 2 Implementation

    Since our last update, ICANN org has taken several important steps toward implementing the recommendations outlined in the Final Reportof the Cross-Community Working Group on Enhancing ICANN Accountability, Work Stream 2 (WS2). I would like to take this opportunity to...
  • Chair’s Blog: Recap of the January Remote Board Workshop

    The ICANN Board convened virtually to hold its first workshop of the calendar year from 22-24 January 2021. As I mentioned in my preview blog, the Board continues to evolve how we collaborate and conduct our business. While the COVID-19 pandemic continues to make meeting...
  • Chair’s Blog: The Year Ahead and a Preview of the January Workshop

    On behalf of the ICANN Board, I wish you good health and happiness, and for those facing difficult times, please know that our thoughts are with you. The ICANN Board stands ready to work together with the org and community to achieve the goals we've outlined for the year...
  • Continuing Focus on Human Rights

    ICANN org continues to evolve operational policies and practices that have an impact on the human rights of its staff and vendors. Since my last update, ICANN org has introduced training in the areas of bias and anti-harassment, launched several COVID-19-related mental...
  • Update on ICANN Public Meeting Innovation

    At a special meeting of the ICANN Board on Thursday 14 January, the Board decided that ICANN70 will be the fourth Public Meeting to be held virtually due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Prior to Thursday’s Board meeting, ICANN org staff presented the Board with an initial...
  • Welcome 2021 from the ICANN Asia Pacific Office

    Happy New Year! As we look ahead into the new year, I would like to take the opportunity to say that I am proud to be part of the Internet community, working with you through what has been a most challenging 2020. As we are not out of the woods yet with regard to the...
  • An Update on ICANN's GDPR-Related Efforts

    With the year coming to an end, I would like to take a moment to provide an overview of ICANN's efforts regarding the European Union's (EU) General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and what to expect in 2021. EPDP Phase 2 Recommendations As I wrote in October, the...
  • Board Consideration of the Auction Proceeds Report

    The Cross-Community Working Group on New gTLD Auction Proceeds (CCWG-AP), formed in January 2017, was tasked with developing a proposal on the mechanism to allocate the proceeds generated from auctions of last resort used to resolve string contention in the New gTLD...
  • Board Keeps ICANN Strategic Plan in Force and Unchanged

    Designed to shape ICANN's priorities, the Five-Year Strategic Plan establishes a vision and a set of objectives and goals in service of ICANN's mission. Every year, new trends or shifts in existing trends have the potential to impact our plans. The pandemic has...
  • ICANN Board Approves the Risk Appetite Statement

    I am pleased to announce that the ICANN Board has approved ICANN organization's first Risk Appetite Statement. The Risk Appetite Statement articulates the level of risk that the org is willing to take and retain in order to fulfill its mission. The Board also approved...
  • Saying Farewell to 2020

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    To say that 2020 has been an extraordinary year would be an understatement. As a global community, we have experienced unprecedented challenges that have and will continue to impact our daily lives. As this year comes to an end, what stands out is how the ICANN community...
  • Engaging A Community in Lockdown: GSE Africa 2020 Engagement Roundup

    The year 2020 started like any other year with normal face-to-face activities. First on our calendar was Praia (Cabo Verde) followed by Bujumbura (Burundi). This quickly changed dramatically with the onset of COVID-19. Like the rest of the global community, many of our...
  • Chair’s Blog: Key Takeaways from the 2020 Board Self-Evaluation

    As part of our commitment to continuous improvement, the ICANN Board of Directors conducts a self-evaluation every two years to assess our effectiveness and ability to work together in support of ICANN's mission. Through the evaluation, we identify areas of strength,...
Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."