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新闻发布：ICANN 报告称全球范围内 DNS 滥用呈下降趋势

域名系统 (Domain Name System, DNS) 协调人依据连续四年的数据发布报告

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洛杉矶 - 2022 年 5 月 17 日 - 互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers, ICANN) 在最近发表的一份报告中表示，在过去的四年里，即从 2017 年 10 月到 2022 年 1 月，全球 DNS 滥用的总数在"绝对值和正常化比率"上有所下降。在全球范围内，2022 年 1 月，不到 1% 的域名被报告为对用户构成潜在威胁。

ICANN 的首席技术官办公室提供专题知识，并开发了一些特殊项目，例如：域名安全威胁信息搜集和报告 (Domain Name Security Threat Information Collection and Reporting, DNSTICR) 和域名滥用活动报告系统 (Domain Abuse Activity Reporting System, DAAR)，用以监测和报告潜在的存在安全威胁的域名。DAAR 每月都会出具报告，通过视觉图像和综合统计来展示存在安全威胁的域名的集中情况。

ICANN 总裁兼首席执行官马跃然 (Göran Marby) 在评论最近发表的报告时指出："作为互联网的一家中立技术运营商，我们的部分责任是积极分享事实和数据，以便决策者能够做出明智的政策决定。这些努力与我们确保互联网安全、稳定和弹性的承诺是一致的"。他补充说："这是唯一一份衡量了四年数据后发布的报告。大多数的报告都只跟踪了几个月的 DNS 滥用率。然而，尽管报告中展示了下降的趋势，但仍有许多工作要做。针对互联网用户的威胁是真实且迅速变化着的"。

ICANN 将 DNS 滥用定义为五大有害活动类型，即：僵尸网络、恶意软件、网址嫁接、网络钓鱼和垃圾邮件（因为垃圾邮件被用来传播其他的 DNS 安全威胁）。《ICANN 章程 (ICANN's Bylaws)》和使命不允许 ICANN 监管网站的内容。

本报告是 ICANN 为评估、监测和缓和 DNS 安全威胁所做出的各项努力带来的最新成果。例如，ICANN 的合同合规团队执行 ICANN 的政策和协议中规定的合同义务，并公布与注册服务机构在遵守 DNS 滥用义务时有关的违约、暂停、终止和不续约的通知。该团队还负责定期审计注册服务机构（即提供域名注册服务的实体）和注册管理机构（即管理旗下顶级域注册的实体）如何履行它们与 DNS 滥用有关的合同义务。

如需了解更多关于 DNS 滥用的情况，以及 ICANN 为帮助了解和缓和这种情况所做的工作，请访问 icann.org 上的项目网页。

ICANN 简介

互联网名称与数字地址分配机构 (ICANN) 的使命在于确保全球互联网的稳定、安全与统一。要在互联网上访问另一个人的信息，您必须在电脑或其他设备中键入一个地址——可以是一个名称或是一串数字。这个地址必须是独一无二的，只有这样电脑之间才能互相识别。ICANN 负责协调这些分布在世界各地的唯一标识符并提供相应支持。ICANN 是一个非营利性公益机构，成立于 1998 年，其社群的参与者遍布世界各地。

媒体联系人

亚历山大·丹斯 (Alexandra Dans)
美洲地区传播主管
乌拉圭蒙得维的亚
+598 95 831 442
alexandra.dans@icann.org
或 press@icann.org

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Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."