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ICANN 预期行为标准

(2016 年 6 月 26 日批准通过)

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本文档已翻译为多种语言,仅供参考之用。原始官方版本(英文版)可在以下位置找到:https://www.icann.org/resources/pages/expected-standards-2016-06-28-en

ICANN 预期行为标准 [PDF,165 KB]

参与 ICANN 多利益相关方流程的人员,包括董事会、员工以及支持组织和咨询委员会理事会的成员将:

  • 遵循 ICANN 的《章程》。特别是,参与人员必须在 ICANN 的使命范围内行事,并遵守《章程》中列示的价值观。
  • 遵守 ICANN 的"利益冲突"政策。
  • 公平对待 ICANN 社群中的全体成员,不因任何国籍、性别、种族或民族、宗教或信仰、残疾、年龄和性取向等因素而存在偏见;ICANN 的社群成员不论是在面对面交流还是在网上沟通时,均应文明相待。
  • 平等尊重 ICANN 社群的所有成员,按照专业标准行事且行为妥当。ICANN 致力于创造和维护一个和谐的环境,在这样的环境中,不同文化背景的人都能享有尊严,受到尊敬和尊重。具体而言就是,ICANN 流程的参与者不得涉及任何形式的骚扰。骚扰通常指不受欢迎的敌意或威胁行为,尤其是带有性侵犯性质的言语或行为,或针对种族、性别、民族、宗教、年龄、肤色、国籍、出身、残疾或疾病、性取向或性别认定方面的威胁言论或行为。
  • 采用合理、客观和明智的方式参与政策制定和决策流程。这包括:定期参加所有日程中的会议,并以互联网用户整体的最佳利益和互联网唯一标识符系统的稳定与安全为唯一准绳,做出独立判断,不考虑任何个人利益或该个人所从属的实体的利益。
  • 在考虑政策问题时,听取所有利益相关方的观点。ICANN 拥有独特的多利益相关方环境。参与 ICANN 工作流程的人员必须了解所有利益相关方的重要性,并尝试理解他们的观点。
  • 致力于与其他利益相关方一起建立共识,从而为 ICANN 应当负责的问题找到解决方案。ICANN 模型是自下而上的、以共识性为基础的政策制定流程。参与 ICANN 流程的人员必须尝试与其他参与人员达成共识,从而确保该模型的成功运营。
  • 促进人们参与政策制定和决策流程过程中的透明度和开放度。
  • 支持维护强健的公共评议、问责制和透明度机制,从而确保政策制定和决策流程能够反映公众的利益,并对所有利益相关方负责。
  • 按照 ICANN 的政策规范自身的行为。
  • 保护组织的资产,确保高效、有效地利用资产。
  • 公平而真诚地对待 ICANN 流程中的其他参与方。
  • 弘扬遵守道德的负责行为。道德与诚信至关重要,ICANN 希望所有的利益相关方均能在各项行为中负起责任、遵守原则。
Domain Name System
Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."