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域名注册数据政策及相关规定

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关于域名注册数据的政策及规定，是由 ICANN 社群通过其支持组织 (SO) 和咨询委员会 (AC) 负责制定，并由 ICANN 组织在 ICANN 董事会的指导下负责实施。下面介绍了关于域名注册数据的现有规定以及当前开展的相关工作。如需进一步了解有关制定 ICANN 政策的信息，请点击此处。

现有规定

临时规范

2018 年 5 月 17 日，ICANN 董事会通过了一项采纳 gTLD 注册数据临时规范（简称"临时规范"）的决议。这份"临时规范"已于 2019 年 5 月 18 日到期，取而代之，gTLD 临时注册数据政策于 2019 年 5 月 20 日生效。根据这项份临时政策，gTLD 注册管理机构和注册服务机构必须在收到 ICANN 组织规定实施要求的 135 天内，履行注册数据访问协议 (RDAP) 服务。此外，临时规范还要求在部署 RDAP 之前，制定通用顶级域 (gTLD) 注册数据访问协议 (RDAP) 简介、服务水平协议 (SLA) 以及注册管理机构报告规定。如需了解更多信息，请点击此处。

合同条款

如需查看与 gTLD 注册数据目录服务 (RDDS)、注册数据访问协议 (RDAP) 和 WHOIS 相关的一系列 ICANN 协议条款、政策、公告以及章程义务，请点击此处。

签约方通信

如需查看 ICANN 与签约方就特定政策及合同义务（包括与域名注册数据有关的政策及合同义务）展开的往来通信的完整存档，请点击此处。

共识性政策

如需进一步了解 ICANN 共识性政策，请点击此处。

现行工作

ICANN 社群当前正围绕以下几个方面，开展域名注册数据政策的制定与实施工作。当前，ICANN 组织正与注册管理机构利益相关方团体 (RySG) 以及注册服务机构利益相关方团体 (RrSG) 的成员协商，探讨是否要将针对 RDAP 的报告要求和服务水平协议 (SLA) 添加到 gTLD 基本《注册管理机构协议》(RA) 和《注册服务机构认证协议》(RAA) 中。

政策制定

关于通用顶级域 (gTLD) 的政策，将按照通用名称支持组织 (GNSO) 的政策制定流程 (PDP) 制定。如需进一步了解当前的 GNSO PDP，请访问此处。

政策实施

在按照这些 PDP 制定的政策建议获得 ICANN 董事会批准后，ICANN 组织将根据共识性政策实施框架 (CPIF) 中已确立的准则，实施这些政策建议。如需进一步了解正在实施的政策建议，请点击此处。如需了解有关 ICANN 如何实施政策的更多信息，请访问此处。

RDDS 路线图

ICANN 每年会针对与注册数据目录服务 (RDDS) 相关的现行项目进行两次更新。请点击以下"路线图"链接，下载相应版本的 PDF 文档。

审核

ICANN 审核是 ICANN 章程规定的重要问责机制，对于维护健康的多利益相关方模型至关重要。特定审核由社群领导的审核小组负责开展，旨在评估 ICANN 在履行其承诺方面的表现。

注册目录服务 (RDS) 审核：这项审核旨在评估当前 gTLD 注册目录服务的有效性，以及这项服务的推行是否满足执法工作的合理需求、促进消费者信任和保护注册人数据的安全。

WHOIS

如需查看有关 WHOIS 的信息，请点击此处。

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Internationalized Domain Name ,IDN,"IDNs are domain names that include characters used in the local representation of languages that are not written with the twenty-six letters of the basic Latin alphabet ""a-z"". An IDN can contain Latin letters with diacritical marks, as required by many European languages, or may consist of characters from non-Latin scripts such as Arabic or Chinese. Many languages also use other types of digits than the European ""0-9"". The basic Latin alphabet together with the European-Arabic digits are, for the purpose of domain names, termed ""ASCII characters"" (ASCII = American Standard Code for Information Interchange). These are also included in the broader range of ""Unicode characters"" that provides the basis for IDNs. The ""hostname rule"" requires that all domain names of the type under consideration here are stored in the DNS using only the ASCII characters listed above, with the one further addition of the hyphen ""-"". The Unicode form of an IDN therefore requires special encoding before it is entered into the DNS. The following terminology is used when distinguishing between these forms: A domain name consists of a series of ""labels"" (separated by ""dots""). The ASCII form of an IDN label is termed an ""A-label"". All operations defined in the DNS protocol use A-labels exclusively. The Unicode form, which a user expects to be displayed, is termed a ""U-label"". The difference may be illustrated with the Hindi word for ""test"" — परीका — appearing here as a U-label would (in the Devanagari script). A special form of ""ASCII compatible encoding"" (abbreviated ACE) is applied to this to produce the corresponding A-label: xn--11b5bs1di. A domain name that only includes ASCII letters, digits, and hyphens is termed an ""LDH label"". Although the definitions of A-labels and LDH-labels overlap, a name consisting exclusively of LDH labels, such as""icann.org"" is not an IDN."