Reference LGR for language: Montenegrin (cnr-Cyrl) | lgr-second-level-montenegrin-cyrillic-language-18may21-en |
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This document is mechanically formatted from the above XML file for the LGR. It provides additional summary data and explanatory text. The XML file remains the sole normative specification of the LGR.
Date | 2021-05-18 |
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LGR Version | 2 (Second Level Reference LGR) |
Language | cnr-Cyrl (Montenegrin Language) |
Unicode Version | 6.3.0 |
This document specifies a reference set of Label Generation Rules for Montenegrin in the Cyrillic script using a limited repertoire as appropriate for a second level domain. The language code 'mxx' for Montenegrin is merely a placeholder. There is no ISO 639-2 code for that language. However the presence in the repertoire of two distinctive equivalents of Latin digraphs used exclusively for Montenegrin is, in itself, an argument for a separate identity from Serbian.
All references converge on 30 Cyrillic code points (23 +7 as defined by RFC 5992 [130]), identical to the Serbian set. There has been a recent addition of two letters unique to Montenegrin replacing the digraphs zj and sj. They are encoded as combining sequences: each is expressed by a consonant (U+0437 (з) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE or U+0441 (с) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES), followed by U+0301 (́) COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT. There is no need to include the combining mark separately in the repertoire.
There is no IDN table published in the IANA Repository of IDN Practices by a .me (Montenegro cctld).
The CLDR auxiliary set includes all code points to support Russian, but this is not supported by other sources, even for an extended set. In addition, there is some use of 6 vowels with double grave and inverted breve in Serbian phonology and poetics which would likely be shared with Montenegrin, but this use is not germane for IDNs.
Letters documented in some references but not included:
U+0301 (́) COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT
U+0449 (щ) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHCHA
U+044A (ъ) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HARD SIGN
U+044B (ы) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YERU
U+044C (ь) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SOFT SIGN
U+044D (э) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER E
U+044E (ю) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YU
U+044F (я) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER YA
U+0451 (ё) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IO
U+0430 U+030F (а̏) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
U+0430 U+0311 (а̑) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A WITH INVERTED BREVE
U+0435 U+030F (е̏) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
U+0435 U+0311 (е̑) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE WITH INVERTED BREVE
U+0438 U+030F (и̏) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
U+0438 U+0311 (и̑) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I WITH INVERTED BREVE
U+043E U+030F (о̏) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
U+043E U+0311 (о̑) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O WITH INVERTED BREVE
U+0440 U+030F (р̏) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
U+0440 U+0311 (р̑) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER WITH INVERTED BREVE
U+0443 U+030F (у̏) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH DOUBLE GRAVE ACCENT
U+0443 U+0311 (у̑) CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U WITH INVERTED BREVE
None.
None.
This LGR defines no named character classes.
Common rules only:
Hyphen Restrictions — restrictions on the allowable placement of hyphens (no leading/ending hyphen and no hyphen in positions 3 and 4). These restrictions are described in section 4.2.3.1 of RFC5891 [120]. They are implemented here as context rule on U+002D (-) HYPHEN-MINUS.
Leading Combining Marks — restrictions on the allowable placement of combining marks (no leading combining mark). This rule is described in section 4.2.3.2 of RFC5891 [120].
Actions included are the default actions for LGRs as well as those needed to invalidate labels with misplaced combining marks.
Variant-related actions included to facilitate integration as appropriate.
This reference LGR for Montenegrin for the 2nd Level has been developed by Michel Suignard and Asmus Freytag, verified in expert reviews by Michael Everson, Nicholas Ostler, and Wil Tan, and based on multiple open public consultations.
Language tag has been updated.
General reference for the language:
In the listing of the repertoire by code point, references starting from [0] refer to the version of the Unicode Standard in which the corresponding code point was initially encoded. Other references, (starting from [100]) document usage of code points. For more details, see the Table of References below.
Number of elements in repertoire | 43 | ||||
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Number of code points for each script |
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Number of code points | 41 | ||||
Number of sequences | 2 | ||||
Longest code point sequence | 2 | ||||
Code points defined via sequence | 1 |
The following table lists the repertoire by code point (or code point sequence). The data in the Script and Name column are extracted from the Unicode character database. Where a comment in the original LGR is equal to the character name, it has been suppressed.
Some code points that may be part of a valid label under this LGR only occur as part of one or more sequences. Such code points are not listed individually in the table.
See also the legend provided below the table.
Code Point |
Glyph | Script | Name | Ref | Required Context | Comment |
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U+002D | - | Common | HYPHEN-MINUS | [0] | not: hyphen-minus-disallowed | |
U+0030 | 0 | Common | DIGIT ZERO | [0] | ||
U+0031 | 1 | Common | DIGIT ONE | [0] | ||
U+0032 | 2 | Common | DIGIT TWO | [0] | ||
U+0033 | 3 | Common | DIGIT THREE | [0] | ||
U+0034 | 4 | Common | DIGIT FOUR | [0] | ||
U+0035 | 5 | Common | DIGIT FIVE | [0] | ||
U+0036 | 6 | Common | DIGIT SIX | [0] | ||
U+0037 | 7 | Common | DIGIT SEVEN | [0] | ||
U+0038 | 8 | Common | DIGIT EIGHT | [0] | ||
U+0039 | 9 | Common | DIGIT NINE | [0] | ||
U+0430 | а | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER A | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0431 | б | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0432 | в | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER VE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0433 | г | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER GHE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0434 | д | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0435 | е | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER IE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0436 | ж | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZHE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0437 | з | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0437 U+0301 | з́ | {Cyrillic, Inherited} | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZE + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT | [0], [100], [103], [201] | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ZJE | |
U+0438 | и | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER I | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+043A | к | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER KA | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+043B | л | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EL | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+043C | м | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EM | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+043D | н | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EN | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+043E | о | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER O | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+043F | п | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER PE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0440 | р | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ER | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0441 | с | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0441 U+0301 | с́ | {Cyrillic, Inherited} | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ES + COMBINING ACUTE ACCENT | [0], [100], [103], [201] | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SJE | |
U+0442 | т | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0443 | у | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER U | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0444 | ф | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER EF | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0445 | х | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER HA | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0446 | ц | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0447 | ч | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER CHE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0448 | ш | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER SHA | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0452 | ђ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DJE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0458 | ј | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER JE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+0459 | љ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER LJE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+045A | њ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER NJE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+045B | ћ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER TSHE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] | ||
U+045F | џ | Cyrillic | CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER DZHE | [0], [100], [103], [130], [201], [301], [401] |
Throughout this LGR, a code point sequence may be annotated with a string in ALL CAPS that is constructed on the same principle as a name for a Unicode Named Sequence. No claim is made that a sequence thus annotated is in fact a named sequence, nor that the annotation in such case actually corresponds to the formal name of a named sequence.
This LGR does not specify any variants.
The following table lists all named and implicit classes with their definition and a list of their members intersected with the current repertoire (for larger classes, this list is elided).
Name | Definition | Count | Members or Ranges | Ref | Comment |
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implicit | Tag=sc:Cyrl | 30 | {0430-0438 043A-0448 0452 0458-045B 045F} | Any character tagged as Cyrillic | |
implicit | Tag=sc:Zyyy | 11 | {002D 0030-0039} | Any character tagged as Common |
The following table lists all named rules defined in the LGR and indicates whether they are used as trigger in an action or as context (when or not-when) for a code point or variant.
Name | Regular Expression | Used as Trigger |
Anchor | Used as Context |
Ref | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
leading-combining-mark | (start)[[\p{gc=Mn}] ∪ [∅=\p{gc=Mc}]] |
✔ | [120] | RFC5891 restrictions on placement of combining marks | ||
hyphen-minus-disallowed | (((start))← ⚓︎)|(⚓︎ →((end)))|(((start)..\u002D)← ⚓︎) |
✔ | C | [120] | RFC5891 restrictions on placement of U+002D (-) | |
extended-cp | (start)(end) |
code points from the extended range |
Note: The following rules are defined but not used in this LGR: extended-cp.
The following table lists the actions that are used to assign dispositions to labels and variant labels based on the specified conditions. The order of actions defines their precedence: the first action triggered by a label is the one defining its disposition.
# | Condition | Rule / Variant Set | Disposition | Ref | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | if label matches | leading-combining-mark | → | invalid | by default, labels with leading combining marks are invalid | |
2 | if any label (catch-all) | → | valid | catch all (default action) |
The following lists the references cited for specific code points, variants, classes, rules or actions in this LGR.
[0] | The Unicode Consortium. The Unicode Standard, Version 6.3.0, (Mountain View, CA: The Unicode Consortium, 2013. ISBN 978-1-936213-08-5) Any code point cited was originally encoded in Unicode Version 1.1 |
[100] | Internetstiftelsen i Sverige (IIS), Montenegrin https://github.com/dotse/IDN-ref-tables/blob/master/language-tables/montenegrin-lang-cyrillic-based-ref-table.txt |
[103] | Ministry of Science and Education, Montenegro, page 8 http://www.gov.me/files/1248442673.pdf |
[120] | RFC5891, Internationalized Domain Names in Applications (IDNA): Protocol http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5891 |
[130] | RFC5992, Internationalized Domain Names Registration and Administration Guidelines for European Languages Using Cyrillic - section 2.6 Montenegrin https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5992 |
[201] | Omniglot Montenegrin http://www.omniglot.com/writing/montenegrin.htm |
[301] | Everson, Michael, The Alphabets of Europe, Serbian http://www.evertype.com/alphabets/montenegrin.pdf Code points cited form the standard set |
[401] | The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository - CLDR Version 28 (2015-09-16) - Locale Data Summary for Montenegrin [sr_ME]- http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/sr.html Code points cited are from the set of Main Letters |
[402] | The Unicode Consortium, Common Locale Data Repository - CLDR Version 28 (2015-09-16) - Locale Data Summary for Montenegrin [sr_ME]- http://www.unicode.org/cldr/charts/28/summary/sr.html Code points cited are from the set of Auxiliary Letters |